Pyrus asia-mediae

• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Pyrus

Trees or shrubs , deciduous, rarely semi-evergreen , sometimes armed . Leaves alternate, simple , petiolate , stipulate , involute in bud, venation camptodromous , margin serrate or entire, rarely lobed . Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers precocious or synantherous. Hypanthium cupular. Sepals 5, reflexed or spreading . Petals 5, white, rarely pink, clawed. Stamens 15-30; anthers usually dark red or purple. Ovary inferior, 2-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2-5, free . Pome with juicy pulp, rich in stone cells , 2-5-celled, with cartilaginous endocarp (core ), with persistent or caducous sepals; seeds black or blackish brown, seed coat cartilaginous; cotyledons plano-convex .

About 25 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe; 14 species (eight endemic) in China.[2]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pyrus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 112 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. baccata (Siberian Crabapple) · P. calleryana (Bradford Pear) · P. calleryana var. Cleveland (Cleveland Pear) · P. calleryana 'Aristocrat' (Aristocrat Flowering Pear) · P. calleryana 'Bradford' (Bradford Flowering Pear) · P. calleryana 'Capital' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Chanticleer' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Dancer' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Earlyred' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Edgewood' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Fauriei' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Glen' (Chanticleer® Pear) · P. calleryana 'Holmford' (New Bradford® Flowering Pear) · P. calleryana 'Jaczam' (Jack Pear) · P. calleryana 'New Bradford' (New Bradford Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Princess' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Rancho' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Redspire' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Stonehill' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Trinity' (Callery Pear) · P. calleryana 'Whitehouse' (Callery Pear) · P. cerasifera (Plum) · P. communis (Common Pear) · P. communis L. 'Alexander Lucas' (Common Pear) · P. communis L. 'Clapps Liebling' (Common Pear) · P. communis var. Bartlett (Bartlett Pear) · P. communis var. Highland (Highland Common Pear) · P. communis var. pyraster (Common Plar Tree) · P. communis 'Aarer Pfundbirne' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Admiral Gervais' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Akce' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Alexandrina Bivort' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Alliance Franco-Russe' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Ames' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Anderson' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Angelica Di Saonara' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Anjou' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Arganche' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Aromata Di Bistrita' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Atlantic Queen' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Aurora' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Autumn Bergamot' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Ayer' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Bantam' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Barland' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Baronne Leroy' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Barseck' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Belle Julie' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Blake's Pride' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Blanquilla' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Bosc' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Broncet' (Pear 'broncet') · P. communis 'Buerre Bosc' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Clairgeau' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Comice' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Conference' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Conference', 'Doyenné du Comice', 'Williams' Bon Chrétien' (Family Pear Tree) · P. communis 'Cure' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Deviolen' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'D'anjou' (Beurre Danjou) · P. communis 'Elliot' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Flemish Beauty' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Fm171740' (Pear 'fm171740') · P. communis 'Hardy' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Harley Gum' (Pear 'harley Gum') · P. communis 'Jaco' (Pear 'jaco') · P. communis 'Josephine' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Kieffer' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Lowry Red' (Pear 'lowry Red') · P. communis 'Luscious' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Maxine' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Moonglow' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Orcas' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Packham's Triumph' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Passe Crassane' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Potomac' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Pound' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Seckel' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Sensation Red Bartlett' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Shipova' (Pear 'shipova') · P. communis 'Tettenhall Dick' (Pear 'tettenhall Dick') · P. communis 'Todd' (Pear 'todd') · P. communis 'Ubileen' (Common Pear) · P. communis 'Winter Nelis' (Common Pear) · P. kawakamii (Chinese Evergreen Pear) · P. nivalis (Snow Pear) · P. pashia (Indian Wild Pear) · P. pyraster (Wild Pear) · P. pyrifolia (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia var. culta (Chinese Sand Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Chojuro' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Hosui' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Ichiban' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Ishiiwase' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Kikusui' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Korean Giant' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Nijisseiki' (Twentieth Century Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Olympic' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Raja' (Asian Pear) · P. pyrifolia 'Shinko' (Asian Pear)

More Info

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Further Reading

• IUCN. 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 12th September 2007).
• Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (eds). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006) 2007. Pyrus asia-mediae. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.

Identifiers

• IUCN ID: 238457
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3963532

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Pyrus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 173. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006) 2007. Pyrus asia-mediae. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.