Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Intermediate Pasque Flower
Description
Family Ranunculaceae
Herbs perennial
or annual
, sometimes subshrubs
or herbaceous or woody vines
. Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled
, simple
or variously compound
, palmately nerved, rarely penninerved
, with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual
, sometimes unisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free
, petaloid
or sepaloid
, imbricate or sometimes valvate
in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous
, rarely few, free; filaments
linear
or filiform
; anthers
latrorse
, introrse
, or extrorse
; sometimes some sterile
stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate
to various degrees
; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries
. Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.
About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions
, particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]
Genus Pulsatilla
Herbs perennial
, often covered with long soft hairs
. Rhizome erect
. Leaves basal, rosulate; petiole
long; leaf blade
palmately or odd pinnately divided
; veins palmate. Scape with 3 bracts forming a bell-shaped
involucre; involucral bracts
basally connate
and apically ± deeply divided into numerous
lobes
. Flower solitary, bisexual
. Sepals 5 or 6. Petals absent. Stamens numerous, outermost whorl staminodial except in Pulsatilla kostyczewii; anthers
yellow or purple, oblong
, narrowly ellipsoid
, filiform
, or linear
, with one longitudinal
vein
. Pistils numerous; ovule 1 per ovary. Styles long linear, pilose
, strongly elongated and plumose
when mature
. Infructescence
globose
. Achenes small, spindle-shaped
, pilose, with a long plumose beak formed by persistent
style.
About 33 species: Asia, Europe, North America; 11 species (one endemic) in China.
Although Pulsatilla can easily be distinguished from Anemone by the former having a long, plumose beak on the achenes formed by the persistent style, phylogenetic
studies have shown that they are probably congeneric
.[2]
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [3].
Ecology:
The species occurs on dry, grassy sites on limestone and dolomite
substrate from the hilly areas to the submontane vegetation belt
(Mere?a and Hodálová 2011). This plant grows in the following Habitats
Directive listed habitats (Commission
of the European Communities
2009):
- 40A0 Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
- 6110 Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
- 6190 Rupicolous pannonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis)
- 6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)
- 91Q0 Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests
[3].
List of Habitats:
- 1 Forest
- 1.4 Forest - Temperate
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate
- 4 Grassland
- 4.4 Grassland - Temperate [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Ranunculidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Ranunculales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Ranunculaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, nom. cons.
- boutons d'or, buttercups
- Subfamily:
Ranunculoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Anemoneae
(
)
- Genus:
Pulsatilla
(
)
- P. Miller, 1754
- Pasqueflower
- Specific epithet:
subslavica
- Fut?k ex Goli?sov?
- Botanical name: - Pulsatilla subslavica Fut?k ex Goli?sov?
- Specific epithet:
subslavica
- Fut?k ex Goli?sov?
- Genus:
Pulsatilla
(
- Tribe:
Anemoneae
(
- Subfamily:
Ranunculoideae
(
- Family:
Ranunculaceae
(
- Order:
Ranunculales
(
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
(
- Subclass:
Ranunculidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
A tentatively accepted name
in the RHS
Horticultural Database.
Where Pulsatilla subslavica
occurs with other related species, hybridization takes place: in
the southern part of the range
with P.
grandis, in the northern part with P.
slavica. This backcrossing results in transient
individuals,
even whole populations, which are difficult to identify (Mere?a and
Hodálová 2011).[3].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Pulsatilla
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
P. albana 'Lutea' (Albania Pasque-Flower) · P. bungeana (Pasque Flower) · P. grandis (Greater Pasque Flower) · P. halleri (Hallers Pasque-Flower) · P. occidentalis (Western Pasque Flower) · P. patens (American Pasque Flower) · P. patens multifida (American Pasqueflower) · P. patens patens (American Pasqueflower) · P. patens subsp. multifida (American Pasqueflower) · P. slavica (Slovak Pasque Flower) · P. subslavica (Intermediate Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris (European Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris Mill. 'Rubra' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Alba' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Blaue Glocke' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Heiler Hybrids' (Heiler Hybrids Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Papageno' (Pasqueflower) · P. vulgaris 'Perlen Glocke' (Windflower 'perlen Glocke') · P. vulgaris 'Rode Klokke' (Rode Klokke Pasqueflower) · P. vulgaris 'Rote Glocke' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Watermelon Pink' (Pasque Flower)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Commission of the European Communities. 2009. Composite Report on the Conservation Status of Habitat Types and Species as required under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Brussels.
- IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.2). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 November 2011).
- Mere?a, P. and Hodálová, I. 2011. Cievnaté rastliny [Vascular plants]. Atlas chranenych druhov Slovenska v ramci uzemi NATURA 2000, Bratislava.
Notes
Contributors
- Bilz, M. 2011. Pulsatilla subslavica. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 16, 2008:
- European Environment Agency: EUNIS
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10843713
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15810862
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:985790-1
- IUCN ID: 238094
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2183618
Footnotes
- Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Wang Wencai, Bruce Bartholomew "Pulsatilla". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Bilz, M. 2011. Pulsatilla subslavica. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
