Parashorea macrophylla

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Dipterocarpaceae

Trees , evergreen or semievergreen, rarely deciduous in dry season . Xylem with aromatic resin in intercellular resin canals. Branchlets with stipular scars , sometimes annular . Leaves simple , alternate; stipules persistent or caducous , large or small; leaf blade with lateral veins pinnate, margin entire or sinuate-crenate. Inflorescences few- or many-flowered, terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; flowers usually sweetly scented; bracts usually fugacious and minute, rarely persistent and large. Inflorescences, calyces, petals, ovary, and other parts usually with stellate , squamate , fascicled or free-standing hairs . Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , contorted. Calyx lobes 5, free or united at base , imbricate in bud if not united. Petals 5, adnate or connate at base. Stamens (10-) 15 to many, free from or connate to petals; filaments usually dilated at base; anthers 2-celled, with 2 pollen sacs per cell (Chinese species) ; connective appendages aristate , filiform or stout. Ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, slightly immersed in torus, usually 3-loculed, each locule 2-, rarely many ovuled; ovules pendulous, lateral or anatropous . Fruit usually nutlike, sometimes capsular and 3-valved, 1(to many) -seeded, with persistent, variously accrescent calyx of which 2 or more lobes are usually developed into lorate wings . Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons fleshy , equal or unequal, applanate or folded or cerebriform , entire or laciniate ; radicle directed toward hilum , usually included between cotyledons.

About 17 genera and 550 species: tropical Africa, Asia, and South America (in Asia, most species and genera in NW Borneo) ; five genera and 12 species (one endemic, one introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Parashorea

Trees evergreen , large, with stout buttresses. Bark fissured , shallowly flaky , grayish mauve-brown, with small but prominent white lenticels at base of fissures and on buttress crowns. Stipules lanceolate, persisting in juveniles; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate. Inflorescence racemose. Flowers and fruit as in Shorea, but flower sepals narrowly lanceolate, imbricate at base only; petals falling separately. Stamens 15; filaments short, dilated ; pollen sacs narrowly oblong, glabrous ; connective appendages short or columnar , relatively stout. Ovary ovoid , small, pubescent ; style filiform , long. Fruit sepals subequal , with narrow thickened base often becoming valvate in fully ripe fruit, narrowly winglike, long; nut globose or ellipsoid .

Fourteen species: Cambodia, China, W Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, S Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; one species in China.[2]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Ecology: A large timber tree which is confined to moist clay-rich soils. (Ref. 294196).

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Wyatt-Sm. ex P.S.Ashton Publication : in Gard. Bull . Singapore, xix. 262 (1962).

Similar Species

Members of the genus Parashorea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. densiflora (White Seraya) · P. globosa (White Seraya) · P. lucida (White Meranti) · P. macrophylla (White Lauan) · P. malaanonan (White Lauan) · P. stellata (White Seraya)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 237.
• Contribution to an evaluation of tree species using the new CITES Listing Criteria CITES url p. 434.
• Pre-project study on the conservation status of tropical timbers in trade. Final report to International Tropical Timber Organization. Vol 1 ITTO url p. 173, p. 34, p. 42.
• Tong Shaoquan & Tao Gouda. 1990. Dipterocarpaceae. In: Li Hsiwen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 50(2): 113-131.

Notes

Contributors

• Ashton, P. 1998. Parashorea macrophylla. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5883678
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15453462
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321142-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 321142-1
• IUCN ID: 230226
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1021536

Footnotes

1. Xi-wen Li, Jie Li & Peter S. Ashton "Dipterocarpaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 48. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Parashorea". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 48, 51. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Ashton, P. 1998. Parashorea macrophylla. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.