Monochoria hastata

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Pontederiaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , aquatic , floating or rooting in substrate. Roots fibrous . Vegetative stems short or creeping , thick. Leaves rosulate or distributed along stem, distichous; petiole mostly distinct , sometimes inflated ; leaf sheath usually present; leaf blade emersed or submersed , broadly ovate , lanceolate, or broadly linear , sometimes completely reduced, stomata paracytic . Flowering stems erect , solid, terminating in a leaf, spathe , and inflorescence. Inflorescences paniculate , racemose, spicate , umbellate , or 1-flowered, subtended by a spathelike or tubular leaf sheath; bracts minute or absent. Flowers bisexual , mostly actinomorphic , sometimes zygomorphic. Perianth segments 6, in 2 whorls, petaloid , free or basally connate into a tube . Stamens usually 6 in 2 whorls, rarely 3 or 1, inserted on perianth, often unequal or dissimilar; filaments slender, free; anthers 2-loculed, introrse , dehiscing by longitudinal slits or rarely by pores ; pollen grains 2- or 3-nucleate, colpi 1 or 2(or 3), distal or subequatorial. Ovary superior, 3-loculed and placentation axile or 1-loculed and placentation parietal; ovules numerous per locule or 1 and pendulous, anatropous . Style 1; stigma capitate or minutely 3-lobed. Fruit a 3-valved capsule or indehiscent. Seeds small, longitudinally ribbed or smooth ; endosperm copious , mealy ; embryo central in seed, straight, terete .

Six genera and ca. 40 species: widespread in tropical and subtropical regions; two genera (one introduced ) and five species (one introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Monochoria

Herbs, annual or facultatively perennial , rooting in mud . Vegetative stems submersed with elongate internodes, or emersed and short. Flowering stems submersed and extending to water surface, or emersed. Sessile leaves forming basal rosette. Petiolate leaves floating or emersed; blade cordate to hastate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences umbellate or paniculate , up to 30-flowered, elongating in 1-several days; spathes folded, sometimes with ovate to caudate extension . Flowers: open 1 day only; perianth with tepals connate basally, blue or white, limb lobes distinct , narrowly ovate to lanceolate, glabrous , apex acute; stamens 6, 1 with anther 2 times larger than others; filaments winged , glabrous; anthers yellow or blue, ovoid ; ovary incompletely 3-locular; ovules many; style 1. Fruits capsular , ovoid. Seeds 10-200, ovoid, testa with longitudinal wings.

Species ca. 4: introduced ; Africa, Asia, Australia. This is a poorly understood genus in need of detailed work.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Pools , rice fields , ditches; 100--700 m [3].

Ecology: It occurs on permanently wet swamps , freshwater pools , mudflats in rivers , ditches and rice fields , and along canal banks. It is a pure submerged aquatic herb. It has been recorded as a component of floating mat vegetation.
[4].

List of Habitats :

•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     5.8     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     15     Artificial/Aquatic & Marine   
  
•     15.8     Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land   
  
•     15.9     Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels , Ditches   
[more info]

Biology

Growth

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Pontederia Hastata

Notes

Publishing author : Solms Publication : Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 523, sphalm. 1883 [Mar 1883]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Monochoria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. hastata (Arrowleaf False Pickerelweed) · M. vaginalis (Cordate Monochoria) · M. vaginalis var. angustifolia (Oval-Leaf Monochoria)

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants, by E. D. Merrill. Singapore, Printed by Fraser & Neave, ltd., 1921 url p. 111, p. 111.
• A flora of Manila, by E. D. Merrill. Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1912. url p. 141.
• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 200.
• Botanical publications of E.D. Merrill. [New York, etc., 1899- url p. 111, p. 200.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1912 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 413.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 135, p. 410, p. 95.
• Chinese materia medica. extensively revised from F. Porter Smith's work by G. A. Stuart. Shanghai?: Presbyterian Mission Press?, 1911? url p. 266, p. 389.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 116, p. 554.
• Contributions to the flora of Siam [Aberdeen]Printed for the University1912- url p. 17.
• Contributions to the flora of Siam. .. / by William Grant Craib. .. [Aberdeen]: Printed for the University of Aberdeen, 1912- url p. 17.
• Emergency food plants and poisonous plants of the islands of the Pacific / [E.D. Merrill] Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print. Office, 1943. url , p. 142, p. 145, p. 59.
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 1006, p. 257, p. 258, p. 964.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 174, p. 175.
• IUCN Directory of Protected Areas in Oceania IUCN url p. 442.
• IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas IUCN url p. 257, p. 288.
• Montana weed management plan / Helena, Mont.: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 2008. url .
• Preliminary report on the forest and other vegetation of Pegu. CalcuttaC.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press1875 url p. 54.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 266.
• Species Blancoanae: a critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and by Llanos /by E.D. Merrill. 1918 Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1918. url p. 410.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 85.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 36 1903-05 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 148.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 680.
• The century supplement to the dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / by Geo. Nicholson. .. [et al.]. Hyde Park, Mass.: Geo. T. King; 1901. url p. 536.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 362, p. 362.
• The illustrated dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists. Ed. by George Nicholson. Assisted by Professor J. W. H. Trail and J. Garrett. London: L. U. Gill, [1884]-89. url p. 198, p. 378.
• Wu Kuo-fang. 1997. Pontederiaceae. In: Wu Kuo-fang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 13(3): 134--141.
• Baker, C. A. 1951. Pontederiaceae. In: C. G. G. J. van Steenis, ed. 1950+. Flora Malesiana. Series I. Spermatophyta. 11+ vols. in parts. Djakarta and Leiden. Vol. 4, part 3, pp. 255-261.
• Cook, C. D. K. 1989. Taxonomic revision of Monochoria (Pontederiaceae). In: K. Tan, ed. 1989. The Davis & Hedge Festschrift.. Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography, and Related Subjects. Edinburgh. Pp. 149-184.
• Kaul, M. K. 1986. Weed Flora of Kashmir Valley. Jodhpur.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Gupta, A.K. 2011. Monochoria hastata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 02February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 04, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-254553
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13761163
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:133484-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 316384
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503870
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 698107-1
• IUCN ID: 224204
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13828

Footnotes

1. Guofang Wu & Charles N. Horn "Pontederiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 40. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Monochoria". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 37, 38. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Monochoria hastata". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 41. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Gupta, A.K. 2011. Monochoria hastata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.