Medicago citrina

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Medicago

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf pinnately trifoliolate , leaflets toothed ; stipules adnate . Inflorescence a pedunculate axillary raceme . Flowers pedicellate and bracteate . Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla mostly yellow, or less often purplish. Keel shorter than the wings . Stamens diadelphous , 9+1, anthers uniform . Fruit spirally coiled or rarely falcate , sometimes provided with tubercles or spines at the margin , mostly indehiscent, 1-many seeded.

A genus, with about 50 species, most numerous round the Mediterranean, which is represented in Pakistan by 7 species only.[1]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [2].

Ecology: This shrub or small tree grows on rocky slopes . The plant grows on several small islands, and is thought to be dispersed by seabirds or other animals. It seems that seed germination improves after passing through an animal's digestive tract.[2].

List of Habitats :

•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.8     Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.1     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Medicago arborea

Notes

Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter belongs to the section Dendrotelis and is a tertiary wild relative of alfalfa, M. sativa (USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program 2010). [2].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Medicago

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 44 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

M. arabica (Arabischer Schneckenklee) · M. arborea (Shrub Medick) · M. carstiensis (Karst Schneckenklee) · M. coronata (Crown Medick) · M. doliata (Straight-Spined Medick) · M. falcata (Blue Alfalfa) · M. heldreichii (Heldreich's Alfalfa) · M. hybrida (Hybrid Alfalfa) · M. intertexta (Calvary Medic) · M. intertexta intertexta (Calvary Medic) · M. laciniata (Cut-Leaf Medic) · M. laciniata laciniata (Tattered Medick) · M. littoralis (Coastal Medick) · M. lupina (Smooth Dwarf Monocle Bream) · M. lupulina (Black Medic) · M. lupulina lupulina (Black Medic Clover) · M. lupulina var. cupaniana (Black Medic) · M. marina (Coastal Medick) · M. minima (Bur Medick) · M. minima var. minima (Bur Medick) · M. monantha (Medick) · M. monspeliaca (Hairy Medick) · M. murex (Spiny Medick) · M. orbicularis (Blackdisk Medick) · M. platycarpa (Khavtagabuurtzagt Chirgelzh) · M. polymorpha (Bur Clover) · M. praecox (Early Medick) · M. radiata (Ray-Podded Medick) · M. rigidula (Field Medick) · M. rugosa (Rugose Medick) · M. ruthenica (Alfalfa) · M. sativa (Alfalfa) · M. sativa falcata (Alfalfa) · M. sativa sativa (Alfalfa) · M. sativa varia (Bastard Schneckenklee) · M. scutellata (Shield Medick) · M. secundiflora (Island Medick) · M. tenderiensis (Yellow Alfalfa) · M. tenoreana (Italian Medick) · M. tornata helix (Hairy Medick) · M. truncatula (Barrel Medic) · M. turbinata (Southern Medick) · M. virescens (L#yutzerna Zelenovataya (Rus)) · M. x varia (Hybrid Medick)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Alonso, L.A., Carretero, J.L. and Garca-Carrascosa, M. (eds). 1987. Islas Columbretes: Contribucin al estudio de su medio natural. Monografias, n5, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.
• Anonymous, 2006. Herbier virtuel de l'Universit des Balares, .
• Bolòs, O. and Vigo, J. 1974. Notes sobre taxonomia i nomenclatura de les plantes. I. Butll. Inst. Cat. Hist. Nat. 38 (sec. Bot.1): 61-69.
• Bols, O. and Vigo, J. 1974. Notes sobre taxonomia i nomenclatura de les plantes. I. Butll. Inst. Cat. Hist. Nat. 38 (sec. Bot.1): 61-69.
• Calduch, M. 1992. The Columbretes Islands. Vascular Plants of the UTM square 31S CE01. Catlegs floristics locals, 4. Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, Spain.
• Contandriopoulos, J. and Cardona, M.A. 1984. Caractre original de la flore endmique des Balares. Bot. Helvetica 94(1): 101-131.
• Diaz, Z., Aguinalde, I. and Ceresuela, J.L. 1995. A phylogenetic approach to the study of Medica arborea L., M. strasseri Greuter, Matths & Risse and M. citrina (Font Ouer) Greuter from RAPD analysis of DNA. Abstract VIII OPTIMA meeting.
• EURISCO Catalogue. http://eurisco.ecpgr.org. (Accessed: September 2010).
• Greuter, W. and Raus, T. 1986. Med-Checklist Notulae, 13. Willdenowia 16..
• Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. and Long, G. (eds). 1989. Med-Checklist. Conservatoire & Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genve.
• Hechmi, C. 1984. Caractrisation des espces ligneuses du genre Medicago (M.arborea., M. citrina et M. strarseri) comme tude pralable une slection postrieure. Thse de Licenciation. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
• IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).
• IX Reunión Científica de la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de los Pastos (SEEP), pp. 87–91. Almería, Spain.
• IX Reunin Cientfica de la Sociedad Espaola para el Estudio de los Pastos (SEEP), pp. 87?91. Almera, Spain.
• Juan, A. 1995. Evaluación del estado de las poblaciones castellonenses de Medicago arborea ssp. citrina. Bases para su conservación. Unpublished report for the Generalitat Valenciana, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
• Juan, A. 1995. Evaluacin del estado de las poblaciones castellonenses de Medicago arborea ssp. citrina. Bases para su conservacin. Unpublished report for the Generalitat Valenciana, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
• Juan, A. 2002. Estudio sobre la morfologa, variabilidad molecular y biologa reproductiva de Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter (Leguminosae). Bases para su conservacin. Doctoral thesis. Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
• Juan, A. and Crespo, M.B. 1999. Comportamiento fitosociolgico de Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter (Leguminosae), endemismo mediterrneo-iberolevantino. Acta Bot. Malacitana 24: 221?229.
• Juan, A. and Crespo, M.B. 2001. Produccin de flores y frutos en las poblaciones ibicencas de Medicago citrina (Leguminosae). In: M.B. Crespo, S. Ros and A. Juan (eds), Biodiversidad en pastos, pp. 275-280. Actas de la XLI Reunin Cientfica de la Sociedad Espaola para el Estudio de los Pastos (SEEP), Alicante, Spain.
• Juan, A., Crespo, M.B. and Ríos, S. 1999. Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter (Leguminosae): variabilidad morfológica, ecología y estado actual de sus hbitats. In: Actas
• Juan, A., Crespo, M.B. and Ros, S. 1999. Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter (Leguminosae): variabilidad morfolgica, ecologa y estado actual de sus hbitats. In: Actas
• Juan, A., Crespo, M.B., Cowan, R.S., Lexer, C. and Fay, M.F. 2004. Patterns of variability and gene flow in Medicago citrina, an endangered endemic of islands in the western Mediterranean, as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Molecular Ecology 13: 2679?2690.
• Klemmer, K. 1996. Las islas Columbretes die Schlangeninseln ohne Schiangen. Natur und Volk 91(2): 39-47.
• Laguna, E. 1993. Programa de directrices para la conservacin de flora y revegetacin de las islas Columbretes. In: Rapport du Servicio de Proteccin de Especies. Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia. 19 pp.
• Laguna, E. 1993b. Plan de recuperacin de Medicago arborea subsp. citrina la Comunidad Valenciana (actualizado a 1993). In: Rapport du Servicio de Proteccin de Especies. Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain. 22 pp.
• Laguna, E. 1995. Libro de la flora rara, endmica o amenazada de la Comunidad Valenciana. Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia.
• Laguna, E. and Jimenez, J.L. 1995. Conservacin de la flora de las islas Columbretes. Ecologia Mediterranea 21(1/2): 325-336.
• Montmollin, B. de and Strahm, W. (eds). 2005. The Top 50 Mediterranean Island Plants: Wild plants at the brink of extinction, and what is needed to save them. IUCN SSC Mediterranean Islands Plant Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Prez-Bañón, C. Juan, A., Petanidou, T. Marcos-García, M.A. and Crespo, M.B. 2003. Pollinator limitation in isolated environments: The reproductive ecology of Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter (Leguminosae), a bee-dependent plant from bee-deprived Mediterranean islands. Plant Systematics and Evolution 241: 29– 46.
• Prez-Ban, C. Juan, A., Petanidou, T. Marcos-Garca, M.A. and Crespo, M.B. 2003. Pollinator limitation in isolated environments: The reproductive ecology of Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter (Leguminosae), a bee-dependent plant from bee-deprived Mediterranean islands. Plant Systematics and Evolution 241: 29? 46.
• Robelo, A., Ríos, S. and Correal, E. 1993. Genetic variability of the Medicago group in the Mediterranean VU Meeting of the European Sub. Network on Mediterranean pastures and fodder crops. Mediterranean Institute of Chaania-Greece.
• Robelo, A., Ros, S. and Correal, E. 1993. El grupo Medicago arborea en la cuenca Mediterrnea: Origen, distribucin y morfologia. Pastos 23 (2): 325-336.
• Suarez, F.O. 1992. Estudio de la flora y vegetacin de las islas Columbretes y su posible regeneracin. Universidad Politcnica de Valencia, Valencia. Unpublished. 123 pp.
• Suarez, F.O. and Urios, G. 1993. Estaquillado de 5 especies autctonas en las islas Columbretes. Rapport pour la Generalitat Valenciana. Unpublished. 24 pp.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. 2010. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl.
• Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (eds). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 4, 2012.
• Crespo, M.B. & Mus, M. 2011. Medicago citrina. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 02February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8651581
• IUCN ID: 222113
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3963574

Footnotes

1. "Medicago". in Flora of Pakistan Page 301. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Crespo, M.B. & Mus, M. 2011. Medicago citrina. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.