Juncus articulatus (Jointed Rush)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Jointed Rush, Jointleaf Rush

Common Names in French:

Jonc Articul?

Description

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Family Juncaceae

Herbs, very rarely shrublike, perennial or annual , tufted or with erect or creeping rhizome. Stems erect, terete or laterally flattened. Leaves occasionally reduced to a bladeless or nearly bladeless sheath at base of stem (cataphyll) ; leaf sheath often shortly prolonged on both sides into a pair of auricles at leaf blade juncture; leaf blade of basal and cauline leaves usually linear or filiform , grasslike and flat, or terete, glabrous except for pilose margin on some grasslike blades . Inflorescence a panicle, corymb, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious, mostly wind pollinated, regular, usually small, usually 1- or 2-bracteolate at base. Perianth segments (3 or) 6, in (1 or) 2 whorls, free , usually greenish to brownish or blackish, rarely white or yellowish, glumelike. Stamens 3 or 6, if 6 then 3 opposite outer perianth segments; filaments thin; anthers basifixed , 2-loculed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in tetrads . Ovary superior, 1-loculed, or divided by 3 septa and 3-loculed, or incompletely septate ; ovules 3 and inserted at base of ovary, or numerous and biseriate on 3 parietal placentas. Stigmas 3, papillose . Fruit a capsule, 1--3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds globose , ovoid , or fusiform , small, sometimes appendaged; appendage caudate ; embryo straight, minute, enclosed by fleshy endosperm.

About eight genera and ca. 400 species: widely distributed in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres, in tropical regions restricted to high elevations ; two genera and 92 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Juncus

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section . Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled , ensiform or terete , sometimes septate , margins involute . Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--) 6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--) 3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal . Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid , sometimes tailed .

Species ca. 300: worldwide except Antarctica.[2]

Physical Description

Species Juncus articulatus

Herbs, perennial , rhizomatous to nearly cespitose, 0.5--6(--10) dm. Rhizomes 2--3 mm diam., not swollen. Culms erect to decumbent (and floating), terete , 1--3 mm diam., smooth . Cataphylls 1, maroon to straw-colored, apex acute to obtuse . Leaves: basal 0--2, cauline (1--) 3--6; auricles 0.5--1 mm, apex rounded , scarious ; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3.5--12 cm ´x 0.5--1.1 mm. Inflorescences terminal panicles of 3--30(--50) heads , 3.5--8 cm, branches spreading ; primary bract erect; heads 3--10-flowered, obpyramidal to hemispheric , 6--8 mm diam. Flowers: tepals green to straw-colored or dark brown, ovate to lanceolate, 1.8--3 mm; outer tepals with apex acute or acuminate; inner tepals with apex acute acuminate to obtuse; stamens 6, anthers equal to filament length . Capsules exserted ca. 1 mm beyond perianth, chestnut brown to dark brown, imperfectly 3-locular, ellipsoid or ovoid , 2.8--4 mm, apex acute proximal to beak , valves separating at dehiscence. Seeds obovoid , 0.5 mm, not tailed . 2n = 80. Fruiting mid summer--fall. [source]

Juncus articulatus hybridizes with J. brevicaudatus (= J. ´ xfulvescens Fernald), J. alpinus (= J. ´ xalpiniformis Fernald), J. nodosus, and J. canadensis. [source]

Juncus articulatus var. obtusatus Engelmann appears to be intermediate with J. alpinus. It has spreading inflorescence branches but obtuse inner tepals. This may represent a backcross with J. alpinus. Recent evidence suggests that J. alpinus is a polyploid species with J. articulatus as one of its parents. [source]

Habit: Graminoid

Habitat

Wet ground in ditches, lake and stream margins , and a variety of other habitats , often a calciphile; 0--3000 m [3].

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 148 meters (486 feet).[4]

Ecology: The species will occur in most wetland types, but is particularly characteristic of seasonally inundated grazed pasture, moorland and the margins of water bodies. It will also occur in shallow freshwater, mesotrophic to eutrophic habitats on limestone or siliceous substrate from plains to mountains, including ponds , ditches, wet meadows, banks of small streams and springs .[5].

List of Habitats:

5 Wetlands (inland)
5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )
5.2 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks
5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands
5.7 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
5.8 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
5.9 Wetlands (inland) - Freshwater Springs and Oases
14 Artificial/Terrestrial
14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
15 Artificial/Aquatic & Marine
15.9 Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels , Ditches

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Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Subclass: Commelinidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Juncanae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Poales () - Small, 1903
        Family: Juncaceae () - Durande, 1782, nom. cons. - Rush Family
        Genus: Juncus () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Rush, jonc [classical name for the genus]
        Specific epithet: articulatus - L.
        Botanical name: - Juncus articulatus L.

Synonyms

J. articulatus var. stolonifer (Wohlleben) House • J. lampocarpus Ehrhart Ex Hoffmann • Juncus aquaticus (L.) All. • Juncus articulatus var. aquaticus L. • Juncus articulatus var. obtusatus Engelmann • Juncus lampocarpus f. aquaticus (L.) Neuman • Juncus lamprocarpus • Juncus tatewakii Satake

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Species Plantarum 1753 (1 May 1753)

The species is known to hybridise with J. acutiflorus (J. surrejanus Druce ex Stace & Lambinon), it is not clear to what extent the hybrid may have replaced J. articulatus throughout much of the United Kingdom.[5].

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Juncus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 195 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

Allen, D. 2011. Juncus articulatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 17, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 29 providers.
IOPI Global Plant Checklist. Release date: August 1, 2007
IOPI-GPC
IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
"Juncus articulatus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-331
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:442699-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 20788
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 39249
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 442698-1
IUCN ID: 217077
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMJUN01090
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LUHY5
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44135

Footnotes

Guofang Wu & Steven E. Clemants "Juncaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 44. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Ralph E. Brooks, Steven E. Clemants "Juncus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Juncus articulatus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Standard Deviation = 266.140 based on 2,948 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Allen, D. 2011. Juncus articulatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

Juncus articulatus

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Juncaceae

Genus Juncus

Physical Description

Species Juncus articulatus

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Juncus

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes