Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Drought Grass, Seashore Centipede Grass
Description
Genus Ischaemum
Perennial
, or sometimes annual
. Culms
often decumbent
and much branched. Leaf blades
linear
to lanceolate, narrowed to ligule, sometimes pseudopetiolate; ligule membranous; sheath
auricles
often present. Inflorescence of paired
racemes
, or occasionally subdigitate, terminal
and axillary
, exserted or sometimes supported by a spatheole
; racemes 1-sided, when paired often locked back to back and appearing as a single cylindrical raceme, spikelets
of a pair similar or not; rachis internodes and pedicels stoutly linear to thickly clavate
, U-shaped or triquetrous
in cross
section
. Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed
; callus truncate
or obtuse
, inserted
into hollowed internode apex; lower glume
papery
to leathery, shallowly convex
or almost flat, 2-keeled or rounded
on flanks, sometimes winged
, often rugose
; upper glume boat-shaped, awnless or with straight awn
from apex; lower floret male, well developed with palea; upper lemma usually deeply 2-lobed, awned
from sinus
, rarely awnless; awn geniculate, glabrous
. Pedicelled spikelet as large as sessile or much smaller, upper lemma sometimes geniculately awned.
About 70 species: throughout the tropics but mainly in Asia, especially India; 12 species (one endemic) in China.[1]
Physical Description
Species Ischaemum muticum
Perennial , strongly rhizomatous ; rhizomes clothed in cataphylls. Culms often red, much branched, stoloniferous or scrambling, several meters long, flowering culms erect , up to 60 cm, nodes glabrous . Leaf sheaths ciliate along outer margin , otherwise glabrous or sparingly appressed hairy ; leaf blades lanceolate, tinged reddish brown, 2-10(-18) × 0.3-1.7 cm, glabrous or abaxial surface sparingly pilose , margins smooth or scaberulous, base cordate, very shortly pseudopetiolate, apex acute; ligule 0.2-0.6 mm. Racemes usually paired , appressed back to back, 2-5 cm, base enclosed by subtending sheath; rachis internodes and pedicels oblong , triquetrous , outer angle narrowly winged , inner angles glabrous or ciliolate . Sessile spikelet lanceolate, 4.8-7 × 2.5-2.8 mm; lower glume leathery with expanded rounded flanks in lower 2/3, herbaceous, strongly veined and sharply 2-keeled below apex, glabrous, winged from near base, apex entire; upper glume winged on upper keel; upper lemma subentire , mucronate or with ca. 1 mm awnlet. Pedicelled spikelet laterally compressed , otherwise resembling sessile or smaller, awnless. [source]
Habitat
Sands near the sea; below 100 m [2].
Ecology:
It is a stoloniferous
perennial
. It is found growing in stagnant
water around pools
and in seasonally flooded and marshy
places. It
also inhabits backwaters
, coastal sands, estuaries and
salt marshes.
[3].
List of Habitats
:
- 5 Wetlands (inland)
- 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
- 13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal
- 13.4 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
()
- Auct.
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Juncanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Poales
()
- Small, 1903
- Family:
Gramineae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Subfamily:
Panicoideae
()
- Tribe:
Andropogoneae
()
- Subtribe:
Ischaeminae
()
- Genus:
Ischaemum
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Murainagrass
- Specific epithet:
muticum
- L.
- Form:
for a flora of the island, based on a study of the
- Botanical name: - Ischaemum muticum L.
- Form:
for a flora of the island, based on a study of the
- Specific epithet:
muticum
- L.
- Genus:
Ischaemum
(
- Subtribe:
Ischaeminae
(
- Tribe:
Andropogoneae
(
- Subfamily:
Panicoideae
(
- Family:
Gramineae
(
- Order:
Poales
(
- Superorder:
Juncanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Place of publication
: Sp.
pl. 2:1049. 1753
Name
verified on 29-Apr-1998 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last
updated: 29-Apr-1998
Similar Species
Members of the genus Ischaemum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
I. aureum (Golden Duckbeakgrass) · I. byrone (Hilo Ischaemum) · I. chordatum (Ischaemum) · I. indicum (Indian Murainagrass) · I. muticum (Seashore Centipede Grass) · I. polystachyum (Paddle Grass) · I. rugosum (Co Muraina) · I. timorense (Stalkleaf Murainagrass)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants, by E. D. Merrill. Singapore, Printed by Fraser & Neave, ltd., 1921 url p. 41, p. 41.
- A handbook of tropical gardening and planting, with special reference to Ceylon, by H. F. Macmillan. .. Colombo, H.W. Cave & co., 1914. url p. 589.
- An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 38.
- Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. 31 1921 Leiden [etc.]: E. J. Brill [etc.] url p. 130, p. 144, p. 147, p. 151, p. 159, p. 165, p. 181, p. 68.
- Augustana Library publications. Rock Island, Ill.: Augustana College and Theological Seminary, 1898-1981. url p. 137.
- Botanical publications of E.D. Merrill. [New York, etc., 1899- url , , p. 38, p. 41.
- Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 17 1909 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 94.
- Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 105, p. 275, p. 542.
- Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 72.
- Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 372.
- Genesis and development of sand formations on marine coasts, Rock Island, Ill., Augustana Book Concern, Printers, 1910. url .
- Icones plantarum formosanarum nec non et contributiones ad floram formosanam: or, Icones of the plants of Formosa, and materials for a flora of the island, based on a study of the collections of the Botanical survey of the Government of Formosa / By B. Hayata. .. Taihoku: Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa, 1911-1921. url p. 78.
- Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. Botany. 6 1862 London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts: ||Williams and Norgate, 1857-1864. url p. 54.
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 460.
- Plant-geography upon a physiological basis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903. url p. 394.
- Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 401.
- Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. url p. 250.
- Select extra-tropical plants readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalisation with indications of their native countries and some of their uses / by Baron Ferd. von Mueller. Melbourne: R. S. Brain, govt. printer, 1895. url p. 42.
- The Philippine journal of science. 1 Suppl. 1906 Manila. url p. 330.
- The new flora of the volcanic island of Krakatau, CambridgeUniversity Press1908 url p. 42.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Rehel, S. 2011. Ischaemum muticum. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:
- Australian National Herbarium
- , Australian National Herbarium
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10754771
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15760934
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:406245-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 20484
- IUCN ID: 216673
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2083796
Footnotes
- Bi-xing Sun & Sylvia M. Phillips "Ischaemum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 572, 596, 609, 639. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Ischaemum muticum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 609, 610. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Rehel, S. 2011. Ischaemum muticum. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
