Helicia subcordata

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Proteaceae

Trees or shrubs . Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously divided . Inflorescences axillary , ramiflorous , cauliflorous , or terminal , simple or rarely compound , with flowers borne laterally either in pairs or sometimes singly, racemose, sometimes spicate , paniculate , or condensed into a head ; bracts subtending flower pairs usually small, sometimes accrescent and woody; floral bracts usually minute or absent. Flowers bisexual or rarely unisexual and dioecious, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Perianth segments (3 or) 4(or 5), valvate , usually tubular in bud; limb short, variously split at anthesis . Stamens 4, opposite perianth segments; filaments usually adnate to perianth and not distinct ; anthers basifixed , usually 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent , connective often prolonged. Hypogynous glands 4 (or 1-3 or absent), free or variously connate . Ovary superior, 1-loculed, sessile or stipitate ; ovules 1 or 2(or more), pendulous, laterally or basally, rarely subapically attached. Style terminal, simple, often apically clavate ; stigma terminal or lateral , mostly small. Fruit a follicle, achene, or drupe or drupaceous . Seeds 1 or 2(or few to many), sometimes winged ; endosperm absent (or vestigial) ; embryo usually straight; cotyledons thin or thick and fleshy ; radicle short, inferior.

About 80 genera and ca. 1700 species: mostly in tropics and subtropics, especially in S Africa and Australia: three genera (one introduced ) and 25 species (12 endemic, two introduced) in China.

The family is subdivided into Bellendenoideae, Caranarvonioideae, Eidotheoideae, Grevilleoideae, Persoonioideae, Proteoideae, and Sphalmioideae; all Chinese genera belong to Grevilleoideae. Grevillea robusta is grown extensively as a street tree in S China, especially in Yunnan.[1]

Genus Helicia

Trees , rarely shrubs . Leaves alternate, rarely ± opposite or ± whorled , petiolate or subsessile , simple , margin entire or serrate. Inflorescence axillary , ramiflorous , rarely subterminal , a raceme of flower pairs, many-flowered. Flowers bisexual ; bracts of flowers and flower pairs small, ovate-acuminate to subulate , rarely foliaceous , caducous , rarely persistent . Flower pairs sessile (pedicels free ) or with a basal common peduncle (pedicels connate ). Perianth tube straight, slender, limb clavate to ± globose , segments free and revolute at anthesis . Stamens subsessile, attached slightly below limb; anthers oblong ; connective apiculate . Pollen grains triporate, exine scabrate-granulate. Hypogynous glands 4, free or connate into a ring or cup . Ovary sessile; ovules 2, anatropous , inserted at base of locule or laterally on wall. Style slender; stigma terminal , punctiform . Fruit usually indehiscent, although sometimes splitting along ventral suture; pericarp mostly thick and leathery. Seeds 1 or 2, ± globose to hemispheric ; testa thin; cotyledons fleshy , apically rugulose .

About 97 species: from S India and Japan to SE Australia, mainly in SE Asia and New Guinea; 20 species (ten endemic) in China.[2]

Habitat

Ecology: Mid-montane open forest at 1,350 m. [3].

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Foreman Publication : Muelleria 6(1–2): 89 (1985) 1985

Similar Species

Members of the genus Helicia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 0 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

More Info

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Further Reading

• Conn, B.J. (ed.) 1995. Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea. Melbourne University Press.
• Eddowes, P.J. 1997. Completed data collection forms for New Guinea.
• Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. and MacKinven, A. (compilers). 1998. The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
• Eddowes, P.J. 1998. Helicia subcordata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 16, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
• Harvard University Herbaria
• National Herbarium of New South Wales: Plants of Papua New Guinea

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7147728
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15800938
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:906260-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 906260-1
• IUCN ID: 213342
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1024628

Footnotes

1. Huaxing Qiu & Peter H. Weston "Proteaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 192. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Helicia". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 192. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Eddowes, P.J. 1998. Helicia subcordata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.