Diospyros lotus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Ebenaceae

Trees or erect shrubs , occasionally with spine-tipped branchlets . Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire; stipules absent. Flowers actinomorphic , usually unisexual , dioecious, or polygamous, rarely bisexual . Male flowers often in cymes, sometimes in clusters or solitary; pistil rudimentary or absent. Female flowers often solitary, axillary , imperfect or without stamens. Calyx 3--7-lobed, persistent and often becoming enlarged in female or bisexual flowers; lobes abutting or overlapping in bud. Corolla 3--7-lobed; lobes convolute, rarely overlapping or abutting. Stamens hypogynous or at bottom of corolla, 2--4 X as many as corolla lobes, rarely as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them; filaments free or united in pairs. Ovary superior, 2--16-locular; ovules 1 or 2 per locule. Styles 2--8, free or basally united; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a ± fleshy berry, with few to several seeds. Seeds usually oblong ; endosperm sometimes ruminate ; hilum small.

Three genera and ca. 500 species: mostly in the tropics; one genus and 60 species (43 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Diospyros

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen . Terminal buds absent. Branchlet tips sometimes forming a spine. Leaves alternate, occasionally minutely translucent dotted or with gland pits. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Male flowers in axillary cymes, usually on basal part of current year's branchlets, deciduous soon after anthesis ; stamens 4 to numerous , often paired and forming 2 whorls; ovary rudimentary . Female flowers usually solitary, axillary; staminodes 1--16 or absent; stigma often 2-cleft. Calyx usually 3--5(--7) -lobed, sometimes truncate . Corolla urn-shaped, campanulate , or tubular , 3--5(--7) -lobed, deciduous. Berries fleshy to somewhat leathery, usually with an enlarged persistent calyx. Seeds 1--10(or more), often laterally compressed .

About 485 species: pantropical and extending into temperate regions ; 60 species in China, most abundant in SE and SW China, several incompletely known and of uncertain status. [2]

Physical Description

Habitat

500--2500 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,286 meters (0 to 7,500 feet).[4]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 20-30' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Dactylus trapezuntinus • Diospyros calycina • Diospyros mediterranea • Diospyros microcarpa • Diospyros umlovok

Notes

Publishing author : Lour. Publication : Fl. Cochinch. 1: 226 1790 [Sep 1790]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Diospyros

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 58 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

D. angulata (Bois D') · D. australis (Black-Plum) · D. blancoi (Mabolo) · D. boutoniana (Bois D') · D. celebica (Indonesian Ebony) · D. chrysophyllos (Bois D') · D. crassiflora (Ebony) · D. decandra (Gold Apple) · D. digyna (Axle Grease Plant) · D. ebenum (Indian Ebony) · D. egrettarum (Bois D') · D. hemiteles (Bois D') · D. hillebrandii (Elama) · D. kaki (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Hachiya' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Fuyu' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Ichikikei Jiro' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Jiro' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Kostata' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Maekawa Jiro' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Matsumoto Wase Fuyu' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Saijo' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Sheng' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Tamopan' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. kaki 'Tanenashi' (Japanese Persimmon) · D. leucomelas (Bois D') · D. lotus (Date Plum) · D. lycioides (Karroo Bluebush) · D. macassar (Macassar Ebony) · D. malabarica (Indian Persimmon) · D. marmorata (Andaman Marblewood) · D. melanida (Bois D') · D. mun (Ebony) · D. neraudii (Bois D') · D. nitida (Black Persimmon) · D. nodosa (Bois D') · D. oleifera (Oil Persimmon) · D. pterocalyx (Bois D') · D. revaughanii (Bois D') · D. revoluta (Black Apple) · D. rhombifolia (Diamond-Leaf Persimmon) · D. rumphii (Streaked Ebony) · D. sandwicensis (Lama) · D. sinensis (Chinese Persimmon) · D. sintenisii (Chinese Persimmon) · D. tessellaria (Black Ebony) · D. texana (Texas Persimmon) · D. tomentosa (Nepal Ebony) · D. vaccinioides (Small Persimmon) · D. virginiana (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'Campbell Nc10' (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'John Rick' (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'Meader' (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'Peiper' (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'Prok' (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'Ruby' (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'Szukis' (American Persimmon) · D. virginiana 'Yates' (American Persimmon)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Washington [D.C.]: Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 202.
• A handbook of systematic botany; with a revision of the fungi, by E. Knoblauch; tr. and ed. by M.C. Potter. London, Swan[1904] url p. 511.
• A manual of scientific terms, pronouncing, etymological, and explanatory, chiefly comprising terms in botany, natural history, anatomy, medicine, and veterinary science, with an appendix of specific names. Designed for the use of by Rev. James Stormonth Edinburgh, Maclachlan and Stewart, 1885 url p. 127.
• A monograph of Ebenaceae. Cambridge, Eng., University Press, 1873 url p. 223.
• A naturalist in Western China: with vasculum, camera, and gun, being some account of eleven year's travel, exploration, and observation in the more remote parts of the flowery kingdom; with an introduction by Charles Sprague Sargent. London, Methuen[1913] url .
• A naturalist in western China, with vasculum, camera, and gun; being some account of eleven years' travel, exploration, and observation in the more remote parts of the Flowery kingdom, by Ernest Henry Wilson...with an introduction by Charles Sprague Sargent...With one hundred and one full-page illustrations and a map. London, Methuen & co., ltd.[1913] url .
• A preliminary catalogue of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop museum of Polynesian ethnology and natural history. .. Honolulu, 1892-93. url p. 38.
• A review of the identifications of the species described in Blanco's Flora de Filipinas, Manila, Bureau of public printing, 1905. url p. 57.
• An encyclopaedia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. London, Printed for Longman, Ross, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828. url p. 1185.
• An encyclopædia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. .. illustrated with many hundred engravings on wood by Branston. London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1827. url p. 1185.
• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 293.
• An illustrated dictionary of scientific terms. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, pref. 1878. url p. 94.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 212, p. 229.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1913. url p. 244, p. 26.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url , , , p. 14, p. 14, p. 15, p. 16, p. 17.
• Chamber's encyclopaedia, a dictionary of universal knowledge. London, Chambers, 1902. url p. 20.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 303.
• Chinese economic trees, [Shanghai]Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd.[1921] url , , , , , , , , p. 26, p. 272, p. 273, p. 3, p. 5.
• Chinese materia medica. extensively revised from F. Porter Smith's work by G. A. Stuart. Shanghai?: Presbyterian Mission Press?, 1911? url p. 153, p. 466.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 210, p. 412, p. 522.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 730.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 724.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 350, p. 352.
• Geology and mineralogy considered with reference to natural theology / by the Rev. William Buckland. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea and Blanchard, 1837-1841. url p. 384.
• Hardy ornamental flowering trees and shrubs. London, Smith, Elder, 1908. url .
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 102, p. 104, p. 104, p. 116, p. 118, p. 119, p. 15, p. 15, p. 15, p. 171, p. 177, p. 183, p. 33, p. 36, p. 45, p. 47, p. 54, p. 68, p. 70, p. 72, p. 9, p. 93, p. 95, p. 98.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 303.
• Pamphlets on silviculture. [1899- url p. 1643, p. 805, p. 841, p. 850, p. 853, p. 899.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 112.
• Practical plant propagation; an exposition of the art and science of increasing plants as practiced by the nurseryman, florist and gardener, by Alfred C. Hottes. New York, A. T. De La Mare company, inc., 1922. url p. 108.
• Prince's Linn©an Botanic Garden and Nurseries, Flushing, near New-York / William R. Prince & Co., proprietors. New York?: s.n., 1846? url p. 2.
• Promising new fruits. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1902?-11 url p. 322.
• Propagation of fruit plants / Berkeley, Calif.: College of Agriculture, University of California, 1936. url .
• Rafinesque, C. S. Sylva telluriana: Mantis. synopt.: new genera and species of trees and shrubs of North America, and other regions of the earth: omitted or mistaken by the botanical authors and compilers, or not properly classified, now reduced by their natural affinities to the proper natural orders and tribes /By C.S. Rafinesque; being a supplement to the Flora telluriana. 1838 Philadelphia: Printed for the author and publisher, 1838. url p. 164.
• Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year 1859: agriculture. Washington, D.C.: George Bowman, printer, 1860. url p. 346.
• Reports of the Director. .. / Experimental Farms. Ottawa: Experimental Farms, 1888-1916. url p. 307.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 15.
• Sino-Iranica; Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products / by Berthold Laufer -- Chicago, 1919. url p. 435, p. 435, p. 618, p. 618.
• Species Blancoanae: a critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and by Llanos /by E.D. Merrill. 1918 Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1918. url p. 303.
• Sport and science on the Sino-Mongolian frontier / London: A. Melrose, Ltd., 1918. url .
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• Sylva Telluriana. Mantis synopt. New genera and species of trees and shrubs of North America, and other regions of the earth, omitted or mistaken by the botanical authors and compilers, or not properly classified, now By C.S. Rafinesque. Being a supplement to the Flora Telluriana. Philadelphia, Printed for the author and publisher, 1838. url p. 164.
• Sylva telluriana. Mantis synopt. New genera and species of trees and shrubs of North America, and other regions of the earth, omitted or mistaken by the botanical authors and compilers, or not properly classified, now By C. S. Rafinesque. Being a supplement to the Flora telluriana. Philadelphia, Printed for the author and publisher, 1838. url p. 164.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006) 2007. Diospyros lotus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 13, 2007:

• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Science Museum of Korea, National Science Museum of Korea Plant
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670006
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-505971
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13765812
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322631-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 14296
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505971
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 322629-1
• IUCN ID: 205499
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DILO8
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 35677

Footnotes

1. Shugang Li, Michael G. Gilbert & Frank White "Ebenaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 215. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Diospyros". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 215. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Diospyros lotus". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 224. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 712.330 meters (2,337.041 feet), Standard Deviation = 868.420 based on 12 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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