Cypripedium (Lady's-slipper)

Interesting Facts

[ Back to top ]

Common Names

[ Back to top ]

Common Names in English:

Lady's-slipper

Description

[ Back to top ]

Family Orchidaceae

Herbs or rarely vines , perennial , rarely annual , strongly mycotrophic, epiphytic, terrestrial , lithophytic, or rarely aquatic or subterranean , usually green and photosynthetic, some without chlorophyll and saprophytic . Roots subterranean or aerial , tuberoid or stolonoid, usually with spongy , multilayered velamen. Stems erect or pendent or modified into creeping rhizomes, simple or sympodially or monopodially branched, delicate to stout, or thickened as corms or pseudobulbs , or greatly reduced, sometimes proliferous (especially diverse in sympodial orchids) . Leaves solitary, several, or reduced to scales , basal or cauline, alternate, distichous, or sometimes opposite or whorled , either convolute or duplicate , simple, sessile or petiolate ; stipules absent; blade articulate or not, plicate or conduplicate , cylindric , triangular, or laterally flattened, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal or lateral , racemes , spikes, panicles, or rarely cymose , erect or variously pendent, 1 many-flowered, lax or dense, flowering successively or simultaneously. Flowers bisexual [rarely unisexual ], epigynous , resupinate or not, pedicellate or sessile, 3-merous, usually bilaterally symmetric [rarely nearly radially symmetric], with abscission layer between pedicel and peduncle, rarely between ovary and perianth or ovary and pedicel; perianth of 6 tepals in 2 whorls, all petaloid or sepals sometimes greener and more foliaceous in texture ; sepals alike or not, lateral sepals often connate (forming synsepal), or all 3 sepals variously connate and/or adnate or distinct and/or free ; petals 3, median petal modified as lip, commonly larger or differing in form and color, lateral petals commonly but not always similar to sepals; nectaries of various sorts; extrafloral nectaries sometimes present on pedicels, bracts, or leaf sheaths ; stamens usually 1 2( 3, if 3 the 3d modified into sterile staminode), all on side opposite lip, fully or partially adnate to style, forming column; pollen grains in monads or tetrads , usually in 2 8 pollinia, sometimes subdivided into small packets, rarely granular , sometimes pollinia with caudicles and/or stipes; gynoecium 3-carpellate, connate, forming compound , inferior, 1- or 3-locular ovary; style variously adnate to filaments ; stigmas usually 3-lobed, concave to convex , part of median stigma lobe modified into rostellum , often separating anther from fertile portions of stigma, commonly preventing or in some cases facilitating self-pollination ; ovules numerous , anatropous , minute. Fruits capsules, opening (dehiscing) by longitudinal slits, rarely fleshy and indehiscent berries . Seeds numerous (millions in some species), minute; endosperm absent.

Genera ca. 800, species 22,000 35,000 (701 genera, 208 species in the flora ; 1 genus, 6 species introduced) : worldwide except Antarctica, most diverse in tropical forests .

The overall count for orchid genera in the flora includes Spathoglottis plicata Blume, which was recently reported from Palm Beach County, Florida. The plants , known locally since 1982, are apparently widely naturalized in old shellpits. The number of species in the flora includes one newly recognized species in Habenaria that is morphologically described, but not fully treated here. Orchidaceae are by far the largest and most diverse monocot family and rank among the largest families of flowering plants. An accurate account of the number of genera and species has eluded orchid scientists, and species counts published in the last 20 years range from 15,000 to 35,000. New species are continually being described. In addition, numerous natural and artificial hybrids exist.

Although orchids are important in horticulture , most of the plants traded in the national and international market belong to a small number of species and their hybrids in only a few genera; the majority of orchids are not commonly cultivated. Few orchids are economically important outside the horticultural trade: the fruits of several species of Vanilla are the source of the spice vanilla, and the dry roots of some species of Dactylorhiza, Eulophia, and Orchis are made into salep, a flour consumed in northern Africa, the Middle East (especially Turkey), and Asia. Some species are locally used for medicinal purposes; the mucilage from pseudobulbs of several species is sometimes used as glue; and in the Far East the stems of some species of Dendrobium are split into strips used to weave handicrafts. A few orchids have been found to cause contact dermatitis (e.g. , Cypripedium reginae) .

Orchids range vegetatively from Lilliputian plants a few millimeters long (Bulbophyllum Thouars and Platystele Schlechter) to gigantic clusters weighing several hundred kilograms (Grammatophyllum Blume) to some as much as 13.4 meters in height (Sobralia altissima D. E. Bennett & Christenson, a recently described species from Peru) . Likewise, flowers vary in size from less than 1 mm and barely visible to the naked eye (Platystele Garay), to 15 20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp. ), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindley) Rolfe]. Weight can vary from a fraction of a gram (many Pleurothallus R. Brown spp.) to nearly 100 grams (Coryanthes Hooker spp.) . Their fragrances vary from delightful (Cattleya Lindley) to repulsive and unbearable (in some species of Bulbophyllum Thouars) . The plants colonize habitats ranging from some of the driest and hottest places on earth to the wettest and coolest, literally occurring from polar regions to the equator. Within the monocots, the most important diagnostic features of Orchidaceae are reduction of adaxial stamens, fusion of the remaining stamens to the gynoecium forming the column, aggregation of pollen into compact pollinia (present elsewhere only in the dicots , in Asclepiadaceae), differentiation of the median petal into the lip, a sometimes complex organ, and the exceedingly small size of the seed, which lacks endosperm. Among other distinguishing characteristics: pollen in the pollinia is usually not available as a nutrient-source (Cleistes Richard ex Lindley being a notable exception), and the often complex interaction with pollinators culminates in the phenomenon of pseudocopulation in several genera (e.g., Ophrys Linnaeus, Caladenia R. Brown sect. Calonema, Drakaea Lindley) . In the latter process , the flower mimics the appearance , the smell, and often the movements of a female wasp, attracting a male of a suitable species that tries to copulate with the flower. It usually only succeeds in becoming attached to a pollinium , which will then be transferred if the male tries to copulate with another flower.

Roots of orchids may be covered with velamen, spongy layers derived from the epidermis ; fleshy thickenings of roots are tuberoids (tubers being restricted to stems) . Stems may be swollen or thickened, underground corms or aerial pseudobulbs. Flowers are often resupinate: the lip (modified median petal) is lowermost, usually as a result of the pedicel being twisted or bent in its development by 180°. Pedicellate ovary, usually used in reference to length , refers to the combined pedicel and ovary. Flowers are not always borne on pedicels; when they are, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a slender ovary and the pedicel. Consequently, because of their slender ovaries, flowers of a racemose spike appear to be pedicellate even though they are sessile, while a spicate raceme has pedicels so short that they appear to be absent. Orchid flowers often have a modified median sepal, the dorsal sepal. Sepals coalescing at their tips form a synsepal. The middle portion of the upper (adaxial) face of the lip is the disc: it may be a thickened callus and may bear hairs , papillae, or other ornamentation. In orchids the style, stigmas, filaments, and one or more anthers are united to form a column; appendages projecting laterally from the stigma are column wings; the lip may be attached to the protrusion at the base of the column to form a column foot ; lateral sepals that are also attached to the foot form a mentum (chin) . In most orchids the column bears a single anther at its apex; the clinandrium is the cavity within which the anther is borne or embedded . Pollen is borne in discrete masses (pollinia) . Genera with mealy (sectile) pollinia may have pollinia within the anther tapering into a caudicle (stalk ), which is attached to a sticky viscidium . Those with waxy pollinia have pollinia attached to one or two stipes (of stigmatic origin and formed outside the anther), which in turn are attached to a viscidium. The various aggregations of pollinia, caudicles, stipes, and viscidium form a pollinarium , the pollination unit carried by pollinators. The median stigma lobe may have a slender extension or little beak (rostellum), which aids in gluing the pollinarium to the pollinator.[1]

Genus Cypripedium

Herbs, perennial . Roots closely to widely spaced along rhizome, slender, fleshy ; rhizomes short to elongate . Stems leafy or scapose . Leaves alternate, in single radical pair, or subopposite near midpoint of stem, ascending to spreading , plicate , bases sheathing stem. Inflorescences terminal , solitary; flowers solitary or 2-several in lax racemose spike; bracts large, foliaceous . Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals distinct or lateral sepals usually connate proximal to lip forming synsepal; petals entire; lip inflated, slipper- or sac-shaped, with adaxial orifice ; pollinaria absent; loose granular pollen in 2 lateral anthers, dorsal anther a large subapical staminode; stigma free , 2-3-lobed. Fruits capsules, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid.

Species ca. 45: primarily temperate Eurasia and North America, ranging from arctic to subtropics in East Asia and Cordilleran North America and Central America.[2]

Physical Description

Habit: Deciduous.

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: maroon

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 12-18" tall.

Biology

[ Back to top ]

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Liliidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Lilianae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Asparagales () - Bromhead, 1838
        Series: href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/493 ()
        Family: Orchidaceae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons. - Orchid Family
        Subfamily: Cypripedioideae ()
        Genus: Cypripedium () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Lady's-slipper, moccasin-flower [Greek Kypris, Aphrodite, and Latin pes, foot, perhaps an orthographic error for Greek pedilon, slipper]
        Form: l literature up to the publication of Icones
        Botanical name: - Cypripedium

Synonyms

Cypripedium macranthos {var} speciosum • Cypripedium rebunense

Notes

Registrant name : RHS

Originator name: O/U

Date of registration : 31/03/2004

Similar Species

[ Back to top ]

Members of the genus Cypripedium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 187 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

[ Back to top ]

Search for Pictures: images.google.com
Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 765, p. 807.
A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants, by E. D. Merrill. Singapore, Printed by Fraser & Neave, ltd., 1921 url p. 135.
A biochemic basis for the study of problems of taxonomy, heredity, evolution, etc., with especial reference to the starches and tissues of parent-stock and hybrid-stocks and the starches and hemoglobi Washington, D.C.Carnegie institution of Washington1919 url , p. 13, p. 282, p. 338, p. 339, p. 340, p. 341, p. 352, p. 354, p. 357, p. 817, p. 826.
A commodity subsector analysis of the U.S. cut flower industry / by Marvin Neal Miller. 1983. url p. 191.
A cultural table of orchidaceous plants. [Editing by P.A. Gilbert.] Sydney, Shepherd Press, 1946. url , , , p. 105, p. 110, p. 21, p. 24, p. 278, p. 315, p. 93, p. 94, p. 95.
A dictionary of American plant names / compiled by Willard N. Clute. Joliet, Ill.: W.N. Clute, 1923. url p. 185, p. 47.
A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, by J. C. Willis. CambridgeThe University Press, 1919 url p. 202, p. 271, p. 469, p. 470, p. 471, p. 487.
A glossary of botanic terms with their derivation and accent. By Benjamin Daydon Jackson. .. London, Duckworth;[1928] url p. 101.
A guide to the poisonous plants and weed seeds of Canada and the northern United States / by R.B. Thomson and H.B. Sifton. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1922. url p. 121, p. 13, p. 163.
A guide to the wild flowers east of the Mississippi and north of Virginia / by Norman Taylor. New York: Greenberg, 1928. url p. 49.
A list of the fishes of Hawaii, with notes and descriptions of new species, by David Starr Jordan and Eric Knight Jordan. Pittsburgh, Board of trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1922. url .
A little book of perennials, by Alfred C. Hottes. New York, N. Y., The A. T. De La Mare1923. url p. 160, p. 161.
A manual of organic materia medica and pharmacognosy; an introduction to the study of the vegetable kingdom and the vegetable and animal drugs (with syllabus of inorganic remedial agents) comprising the botanical and physical characteristics, source, con Philadelphia, Blakiston[1917] url p. 128, p. 129, p. 479, p. 53, p. 63, p. xiii, p. xiv.
A manual of the flora of northern Idaho /Carl Epling and Joe Ewan. 4 1941 1941. url p. 1062, p. 1063, p. 1068, p. 1105.
A manual of the penicillia, by Kenneth B. Raper and Charles Thom; with the technical assistance and illus. by Dorothy I. Fennel. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., [c1949] url p. 169.
A naturalist in the Great Lakes region, by Elliot Rowland Downing. .. Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago Press[c1922] url , , p. 141, p. 317.
A new British flora: British wild flowers in their natural haunts / described by A. R. Horwood; with sixty-four plates in colour representing 350 different plants, from drawings by J. N. Fitch and many illustrations from photographs. London: Gresham, 1919. url p. 217, p. 219, p. 72.
A new British flora; British wild flowers in their natural haunts, described by A. R. Horwood, with 64 plates in col. representing 350 different plants, from drawings by J. N. Fitch and many illus. from photo. London, Gresham Pub. Co., 1919. url p. 217, p. 72.
A record of the doctors in botany of the University of Chicago 1897-1916, presented to John Merle Coulter, professor and head of the Department of botany, by the doctors in Botany at the quarter-centennial of the university, June 1916. Chicago, [1916] url .
A text-book of botany for colleges. New York.The Macmillan Company.1916. url .
A textbook of botany for colleges / by William F. Ganong. New York: Macmillan, 1927. url p. 292.
A textbook of botany for colleges. New York, Macmillan, 1920. url p. 292, p. 590.
Addisonia: colored illustrations and popular descriptions of plants. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1916-[1964]. url p. 41, p. 42, p. 61, p. 82.
Alpine plants / by A.J. Macself; illustrated with colour photographs by R.A. Malby, water colour drawings by Winifred Walker, line drawings by G.E. Lee. New York: Scribner, 1923. url p. 134, p. 201, p. 68.
An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 447.
An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 470.
An introduction to bacterial diseases of plants. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1920. url p. 7.
An introduction to the embryology of angiosperms. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1950. url p. 102, p. 103, p. 147, p. 150, p. 213, p. 443, p. 48.
An outline of plant geography, by Douglas Houghton Campbell. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. url p. 151, p. 240, p. 381, p. 42, p. 95.
Animal biology, by Lorande Loss Woodruff... New YorkThe Macmillan company[c1938] url p. 334.
Annals of applied biology. [Wellesbourne, Warwick, etc.]Association of Applied Biologists [etc.] url p. 218, p. 89.
Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 234, p. 752.
Annual report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1916-1921. url p. 241, p. 243.
Applied and economic botany for students in technical and agricultural schools, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, for chemists, food analysts and for the those engaged in the morphological and physiological study of plants. New York, Wiley[1916] url p. 443, p. 496, p. 801.
Atlas of the rare vascular plants of Ontario / Ottawa: Botany Division, National Museum of Natural Sciences = Division de la botanique, Musée national des sciences naturelles, 1982-1987. url .
Beautiful flowers and how to grow them, by Horace J. Wright & Walter P. Wright. Illustrated with 32 plates in full colours from paintings by Beatrice Parsons, Eleanor Fortesque Brickdale, Hugh L. Norris, Margaret Waterfield, A. Fairfax Muck 1922 Edinburgh, T.C. & E.C. Jack, ltd., 1922. url p. 282, p. 284.
Beautiful gardens in America, New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1915. url p. 278.
Beautiful gardens in America, by Louise Shelton. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1915. url , p. 278.
Bibliography (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) / Charles A. Bridges. Urbana, Ill.: C.A. Bridges, c1993. url p. 19.
Bibliography of botany / compiled by the Lloyd Library. Cincinnati: Printed privately by the Lloyd Library, 1918- url , .
Botanic drugs, their materia medica, pharmacology, and therapeutics, by Thomas S. Blair. Cincinnati, O.: The Therapeutic digest publishing co., 1917. url p. 149, p. 357, p. 372, p. 381, p. 385.
Botanica neglecta. William Young, jr. (of Philadelphia) "botaniste de Pensylvanie" and his long-forgotten book; being a facsimile reprint of his "Catalogue d'arbres arbustes et plantes herbacees d'Amerique" pub. in Pari With prefatory account of the author and critical notes by the ed., Samuel N. Rhoads. Philadelphia: Priv. print, 1916. url p. 34.
Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 7 1938 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- url p. 1, p. 14, p. 145, p. 15, p. 153, p. 154, p. 156, p. 207, p. 279, p. 291, p. 5, p. 6, p. 62, p. 65, p. 69, p. 7, p. 70, p. 82, p. 87, p. 88, p. 9, p. 96, p. v, p. xi, p. xiii, plate xiii, p. xv, p. xxvii.
Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 136, p. 175, p. 264, p. 303, p. 358, p. 52, p. 53, p. 72.
Botanical names of the wild flowers. What they mean. How pronounced. London: Holden & Hardingham, [1917?] url p. 78.
Botany for agricultural students / New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1919. url .
Botany for agricultural students, by John N. Martin. London, Chapman & Hall, 1919. url p. 499, p. 571, p. 571.
Botany for agricultural students. New York, Wiley, 1919. url p. 571.
Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood, by L. H. Bailey. New York, Macmillan, 1920. url p. 340, p. 451.
Botany of the living plant, London, Macmillan and co., limited, 1919. url .
Botany of the living plant, by F. O. Bower. London, Macmillan and Co., limited, 1919. url p. 235, p. 235.
Botany of the living plant, by F.O. Bower. In the third edition he was assisted by J.M.F. Drummond, and George Bond, in this fourth edition by C.W. Wardlaw. London, Macmillan and Co., ltd., 1947. url p. 269.
Botany with agricultural applications. New York, Wiley, 1920. url p. 589.
Botany, with agricultural applications, New York, John Wiley & sons, inc.; [etc., etc.]1920. url .
Botany; principles and problems, by Edmund W. Sinnott. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1923. url p. 366, p. 374.
British plants; their biology and ecology, London, Methuen[1920] url , , .
Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 270, p. 273, p. 841.
Bulb propagation and trade study WWF url p. 111, p. 36, p. 37, p. 38, p. 46, p. 98.
Calendar of the letters of Charles Robert Darwin to Asa Gray / Boston, Mass.Historical Records Survey, 1939. url p. 113, p. 117, p. 42, p. 51, p. 70, p. 83, p. 85.
Carotenoids, by Paul Karrer and Ernst Jucker. Translated and rev. by Ernest A. Braude. New York, Elsevier Pub. Co., 1950. url p. 366, p. 70.
Carotinoids and related pigments: the chromolipoids. New York: The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc., 1922. url p. 74.
Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , , , p. 2677.
Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group and species-group names of the Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera) of the world / Charles A. Bridges. Urbana, Ill.: C.A. Bridges, c1994. url p. 3.
Check-list of the insects of Connecticut / by Wilton Everett Britton. Hartford: State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1920. url p. 31.
Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 257, p. 258, p. 263, p. 264, p. 272, p. 273, p. 274, p. 288, p. 292, p. 304, p. 305, p. 307.
Checklist of CITES Species and Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES Secretariat, UNEP-WCMC url p. 416.
Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 255, p. 258, p. 260, p. 264, p. 272, p. 273, p. 292, p. 298, p. 329, p. 331, p. 333.
College botany, structure, physiology and economics of plants. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1920. url p. 330.
College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants, London, J. B. Lippincott Company[c1920] url .
Commercial plant propagation; an exposition of the art and science of increasing plants as practiced by the nurseryman, florist and gardener, by Alfred C. Hottes. New York, A. T. De La Mare Company, 1918. url p. 11, p. 126.
Comprehensive index to the Flora of Guatemala / Terua P. Williams. 24 1977 [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1977. url p. 81.
Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: [s.n., url , , .
Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 9 1972 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 599, p. 645.
Cytological methods for the detection, identification, and characterization of orchid viruses and their inclusion bodies / 1985. url p. 2, p. 68.
Dictionary of biological equivalents, German-English, by Ernst Artschwager. .. Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins company, 1930. url p. 80.
Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control / New York: E. P. Dutton, [c1920] url .
Ecologically significant wetlands in the Upper Yellowstone River watershed: including the Boulder, Clarks Fork Yellowstone, Shields, and Stillwater River drainages / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2001. url .
Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 35.
Everyday adventures Boston, The Atlantic Monthly Press[c1920] url .
Everyday adventures, by Samuel Scoville, jr. Boston, The Atlantic Monthly Press[c1920] url p. 146.
Farm and garden rule-book; a manual of ready rules and reference with recipes, precepts, formulas, and tabular information for the use of general farmers, gardeners, fruit-growers, stockmen, dairymen, poultrymen, foresters, rur New York, Macmillan, 1919. url p. 191.
Field book of western wild flowers, by Margaret Armstrong in collaboration with J.J. Thornber. .. with five hundred illustrations in black and white, and forty-eight plates in color drawn from nature by the author. 1915 London, C. [sic] P. Putnam's Sons, 1915. url p. 585, p. 585, p. 78, p. 78.
Fieldbook of Illinois wild flowers; six hundred fifty of the more common flowering plants in the state. Urbana, 1936. url p. 67, p. 67, p. 68.
Fieldiana. 26 1953 [Chicago]: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1958-. url p. 718.
Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Boston, Printed for the Society, 1922. url , , , p. 187, p. 246, p. 361, p. 363, p. 369.
Flora of Bermuda. .. by Nathaniel Lord Britton. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. url p. 90.
Flora of Bermuda... by Nathaniel Lord Britton... New York, Scribner, 1918. url p. 90.
Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. url p. 296, p. 88, p. 89.
Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley, Louis O. Williams, Dorothy Nash Gibson. 24 1974 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1974. url p. 261.
Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 294, p. 382.
Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 1148, p. 1187, p. 336, p. 337, p. 338.
Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 1009, p. 319, p. 321.
Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 59.
Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. url p. 149, p. 150, p. 780.
Flora of New Mexico. By E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off.1915 url p. 149, p. 150, p. 780.
Flora of Northeastern Pennsylvania, Alfred Twining. Scranton, Pa., Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art, 1917. url p. 27, p. 77.
Flora of Vermont. List of ferns and seed plants growing without cultivation. Prepared by Vermont Botanical Club. Burlington, Vt., Free Press Print. Co., 1915. url p. 147, p. 187.
Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. 3 1930 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 238, p. 467.
Flora of northeastern Pennsylvania / by Alfred Twining. Scranton, Pa.: Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art, 1917. url p. 27, p. 77.
Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island: with many references to Alaska and northern species / by Joseph Kaye Henry. Toronto: W.J. Gage, c1915. url p. 345, p. 89, p. 90.
Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity. By A.S. Hitchcock and Paul C. Standley, with the assistance of the botanists of Washington. WashingtonGovt. print. off.1919 url p. 127, p. 128, p. 312.
Flora of the Indiana dunes, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the lake Michigan Coast of Indiana and of the Calumet District, by Donald Culross Peattie. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 129, p. 130, p. 418.
Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, by Paul C. Standley. 10 1931 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1931. url p. 145.
Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 126.
Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia / by P.A. Rydberg. New York: The author, 1922. url p. 176, p. 177.
Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url , , p. 449, p. 450, p. 453, p. 576, p. 68.
Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url , .
Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 107, p. 409.
Flora of the vicinity of New York; a contribution to plant geography. [New York]1915 url p. 19, p. 245, p. 247.
Flowers that bloom in the spring: spring comes to Illinois--and with it come wild flowers which are part of the picture of springtime / by Virginia S. Eifert; illustrations by the author. Springfield, Ill.: State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration & Education, Illinois State Museum, 1952. url p. 47.
Forests and dunes, from Point Betsie to Sleeping Bear, Evanston, Ill., Northwestern university[c1922] url p. 18.
Fundamentals of botany / by C. Stuart Gager. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., c1916. url p. 498, p. 627.
Fundamentals of botany, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son & co., 1916. url .
Fundamentals of botany, by C. Stuart Gager. With 435 illustrations. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston, 1916. url p. 498, p. 627.
Fundamentals of botany. Philadelphia, Blakiston[1916] url p. 627.
Garden guide; the amateur gardeners' handbook. Profusely illustrated with over 275 teaching plans and diagrams and reproduced photographs, all made expressly for this standard text book. Edited by A. T. De La Mare. New York, A. T. De La Mare[c1920] url p. 153.
Gardening under glass; a little book of helpful hints written particularly for those who would extend their gardening joys around the twelvemonth, by F.F. Rockwell. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page, 1923. url p. 84.
General botany for universities and colleges, by Hiram D. Densmore with original illustrations by the author and by M. Louise Sawyer. Boston, Ginn and Company, [c1920] url p. 427, p. 449, p. 452.
General botany; an introductory text for colleges and advanced classes in secondary schools. Yonkers-on-Hudson, N.Y., World Book Co., 1924. url p. 532.
General index to the flora of Formosa as recorded in all literature up to the publication of Icones plantarum Formosanarum VI = Taiwan shokubutsu somokuroku / [B. Hayata] [Taihoku]: Taiwan Sotokufu Minseibu Shokusankyoku, 1917. url p. 77.
General systematic bacteriology; history, nomenclature, groups of bacteria, by R. E. Buchanan. .. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1925. url p. 127.
Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1981 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 81, p. 812, p. 813, p. 860.
Guide to the Economic Museum of the New York Botanical Garden. New York, 1921. url p. 216.
Handbook of the British flora: a description of the flowering plants and ferns indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles. For the use of beginners and amateurs. By George Bentham. London: L. Reeve & Co., 1920. url p. 448.
Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 139, p. 168, p. 178, p. 33, p. 59.
Illinois wild flowers, by John Voss and Virginia S. Eifert. Springfield, [1960] url p. 110.
Illustrations of the British flora: a series of wood engravings, with dissections, of British plants. London, L. Reeve, 1919. url .
In Berkshire fields, New York and London, Harper & Brothers[1920] url .
In Berkshire fields, by Walter Prichard Eaton; illustrated by Walter King Stone. New York and London: Harper & brothers, [1920] url p. 153.
Inland wetlands of the United States: evaluated as potential registered natural landmarks / Richard H. Goodwin, William A. Niering. [Washington]: National Park Service: may be purchased from the Supt. of Docs., Govt. Print. Off., 1975. url p. 51.
International review of the science and practice of agriculture. Rome: International Institute of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Intelligence and Plant Diseases, 1916-1926. url p. 1558.
Introduction to cytology, by Lester W. Sharp. .. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc., 1934. url p. 212, p. 428, p. 505, p. 540.
Johnson's Gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor. London, A. T. De La Mare printing and publishing co., ltd.[1916] url p. 270, p. 271, p. 794.
Journal of the International Garden Club. New York, International garden club. url p. 122, p. 123, p. 287, p. 357, p. 552.
Key to the Rocky Mountain flora. Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, [c1919] url , .
Key to the Rocky Mountain flora; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, 1919. url p. 297, p. 57, p. 58.
Lake Maxinkuckee. A physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis]Dept. of Conservation, State of Indiana [Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 269.
Lake Maxinkuckee. a physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. [Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 269.
Lake Maxinkuckee: a physical and biological survey / by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. Indianapolis: Dept. of Conservation, 1920. url p. 269, p. 497.
Lake Superior. [With a narrative of the tour by J. Elliot Cabot. Huntington, N.Y.]R. E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1974 [c1850] url p. 165.
Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url , p. 203, p. 35.
Lester Rowntree: California native plant woman: Berkeley, Calif.: University of California, c1979. url p. 314.
List of intercepted plant pests / United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.], 1932- url p. 19, p. 20, p. 286, p. 31, p. 33, p. 34, p. 36, p. 36, p. 37, p. 37, p. 43, p. 46, p. 46, p. 5, p. 50, p. 509, p. 52, p. 53, p. 54, p. 55, p. 55, p. 57, p. 58, p. 61, p. 70, p. 74, p. 75, p. 78, p. 81, p. 83, p. 9.
Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url p. 119, p. 123, p. 124.
Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 1523, p. 364, p. 367.
Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 530, p. 532, p. 590.
Medical mycology; fungous diseases of men and other mammals, by Carroll William Dodge. .. St. Louis, The C.V. Mosby company, 1935. url p. 93.
Methods in plant histology, by Charles J. Chamberlain. Chicago, University of Chicago Press[1933, c1932] url p. 349, p. 411.
Miscellaneous papers on the botany of Michigan, by C. K. Dodge. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Published as a part of the Annual report of the Board of Geological Survey for 1920. Lansing, Mich., Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford, State Printers, 1921. url p. 33, p. 92.
Monograph & iconograph of native British Orchidace, by Colonel M. J. Godfery, F. L. S. With fifty-seven coloured plates from water-colour drawings of living plants by Hilda M. Godfery. Cambridge [Eng.]: University press, 1933. url p. 11, p. 29, p. 49, p. 516, p. 529, p. 58, p. 59, p. 61, p. 63, p. 9.
Morphology of the angiosperms. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1961. url p. 487.
Mycotrophy in plants; lectures on the biology of mycorrhizae and related structures. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica Co., 1950. url p. 143, p. 188.
Nantucket wild flowers / by Alice O. Albertson; illustrated by Anne Hinchman. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's sons, 1921. url , p. 39, p. 39, p. xiv.
National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 128.
Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 283, p. 283, p. 369.
Nature and development of plants / by Carlton C. Curtis. New York: H. Holt, c1918. url p. 423, p. 426.
Nature and development of plants by Carlton C. Curtis New York, H. Holt and Company, 1918 url p. 423, p. 426, p. 496.
Nature and development of plants. New York, H. Holt[c1917] url , , .
New York State Museum bulletin. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1916-1944. url .
News of spring and other nature studies. New YorkDodd, Mead1917 url p. 80, p. 83.
Notes on western range forbs: Equisetaceae through Fumariaceae / by William A. Dayton. Washington, D.C.: Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1960. url p. 62.
Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 9 1999 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 454, p. 456.
Observations on the flowering plants, ferns and fern allies growing wild in Marquette County, Michigan, in 1916 and 1917, especially in the vicinity of the Huron Mountain Club. Ann Arbor, Michigan, Published by the University, 1918. url .
Orchids of Guatemala [by] Oakes Ames and Donovan Stewart Correll. 26 1952 [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1952-53. url p. 14, p. 20, p. ix.
Orchids of Peru / Charles Schweinfurth. 30 1961 Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1961. url p. 1009.
Origin and history of all the pharmacopeial vegetable drugs, chemicals and preparations with bibliography... Prepared under the auspices of and pub. by the American drug manufacturers' association, Washington, D.C. Cincinnati: The Caxton press, [c1921] url , p. 124, p. 437.
Our early wild flowers: a study of the herbaceous plants blooming in early spring in the northern states / by Harriet L. Keeler. Illustrated by Mary Keffer and Eloise P. Luquer. New York: Scribner, 1916. url , .
Pacific Northwest Rivers Study: assessment guidelines, Montana. Helena, MT: Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, [1986] url .
Pacific Northwest Rivers Study: final report, Montana / prepared by Janet Decker-Hess. .. [et al.]; edited by Sally Hilander and Janet Decker-Hess. Helena, MT: [Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, 1988] url p. 53.
Parks: a manual of municipal and county parks compiled as a result of a nation-wide study of municipal and county parks conducted by the Playground and Recreation Association of America, in co-operation with edited by L.H. Weir. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1928. url p. 960.
Pharmaceutical botany, with glossary of botanical terms. Philadelphia, Blakiston[1921] url p. 308, p. 450.
Phoenix timber sale: draft environmental impact statement / prepared by Fred Staedler, Jr., Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Anaconda Unit Anaconda, Mont.: Montana Dept. of Natural Resources, 2004. url p. 23.
Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 192.
Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 100, p. 101, p. 128, p. 131, p. 170, p. 179, p. 182, p. 204, p. 222, p. 249, p. 251, p. 269, p. 286, p. 351, p. 352, p. 385, p. 386, p. 387, p. 417, p. 422, p. 424, p. 426, p. 427, p. 428, p. 434, p. 467, p. 500, p. 505, p. 505, p. 506, p. 506, p. 507, p. 507, p. 507, p. 508, p. 508, p. 91, p. 92.
Plant culture; a working handbook of every day practice for all who grow flowering and ornamental plants in the garden and greenhouse, New York, A. T. De La Mare Co., Inc.[c1921] url , , , , .
Plant hybridization before Mendel, by H.F. Roberts. .. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1929. url p. 265, p. 367, p. 373.
Plant names, by T. S. Lindsay. London, Macmillan, 1923. url p. 88.
Plant propagation; being a description of the various methods employed by both amateur and professional gardeners. Written and comp. by Walter Davis, London"The Bazaar, exchange & mart" office1922 url p. 191.
Plant species of concern / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2003. url .
Plant succession; an analysis of the development of vegetation, Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1916. url , .
Poisonous plants of Canada / [Ottawa]: Agriculture Canada, 1990. url p. 85, p. 87, p. 93.
Practical plant propagation; an exposition of the art and science of increasing plants as practiced by the nurseryman, florist and gardener, by Alfred C. Hottes. New York, A. T. De La Mare company, inc., 1922. url p. 156.
Proceedings and transactions of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. London: The Society. url p. 124.
Pronunciation of plant names. [New York, Reproduced and printed by National Process Company]1922. url p. 26.
Roosevelt wild life bulletin. .. of the Roosevelt Life Forest Experiment Station of the New York College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Syracuse, N.Y.: The University, c1922-[1950] url p. 284.
Round the year in the garden; a descriptive guide to the flowers of the four seasons, and to the work of each month in the flower, friut and kitchen garden, by H. H. Thomas. .. Beautifully illustrated with twelve direct colour photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke, and sixty-four half-tone plates. New York, Funk and Wagnalls company[1916] url p. 168.
Royal palaces & gardens / by Mima Nixon; with an introductory essay by Dion Calyton Calthrop. London: A. & C. Black, 1916. url p. 311.
Rydberg, P. A. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, and British Columbia /by P. A. Rydberg... 1917 New York: The author, 1917. url p. 1095, p. 176.
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy, intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists. New York, Wiley, 1920. url p. 137, p. 139, p. 719, p. 729.
Selected botanical papers. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall[1963] url p. 195.
Selected western flora: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta / Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, [c1915] url .
Sensitive, threatened, and endangered vascular plants of Montana / Peter Lesica, J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, Montana State Library, 1991. url p. 5.
Shade gardens / by Oliver E. Allen and the editors of Time-Life Books. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, c1979. url p. 106, p. 123, p. 129, p. 156, p. 158, p. 159.
Smithsonian scientific series. New York: Smithsonian Institution Series, Inc., [1929]-32. url p. 115.
Spring wild flowers. Chicago:Field Museum of Natural History, 1924. url p. 9.
Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 108, p. 152, p. 257, p. 299, p. 310, p. 311, p. 312, p. 313, p. 314, p. 315, p. 316, p. 317, p. 318, p. 319, p. 320, p. 321, p. 322, p. 323, p. 336, p. 337, p. 338, p. 357, p. 369.
Status report on sensitive lady's slipper orchids (Cypripedium Calceolus var. parviflorum and Cypripedium passerinum) on the Kootenai National Forest/ by Jim Vanderhorst for Kootenai National Forest, [1996]. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996]. url , p. 10, p. 11, p. 13, p. 15, p. 16, p. 19, p. 2, p. 20, p. 22, p. 24, p. 3, p. 4, p. 6, p. 7.
Status review of Cypripedium passerinum, U.S. Forest Service, Region 1, Flathead and Lewis & Clark National Forests, Montana / prepared by J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program[1988] url p. 2.
Status review of Orchis rotundifolia, U.S. Forest Service, Region 1, Flathead and Lewis & Clark National Forests, Montana / prepared by J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1988] url p. 39.
Strasburger's Text-book of botany. Rewritten by Dr. Hans Fitting. .. Dr. Ludwig Jost. .. Dr. Heinrich Schenck. .. Dr. George Karsten. London, Macmillan, 1921. url p. 572, p. 573, p. 746, p. 769, p. 788.
Studies of American plants. by Paul C. Standley. 8 1930 Chicago [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1930] url p. 5.
Survey of Cypripedium calceolus, U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management, Butte District, Garnet Resource Area, Montana / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992?] url p. 3, p. 5, p. 8.
Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url , , p. 10, p. 13, p. 51, p. 61.
Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (TL2) Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, 1976-1988. url p. 100, p. 1100, p. 186, p. 214, p. 242, p. 278, p. 319, p. 377, p. 378, p. 401, p. 410, p. 421, p. 422, p. 426, p. 490, p. 514, p. 546, p. 571, p. 689.
Technical report: Illinois natural areas inventory / by the Department of Landscape Architecture, Univeristy of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and the Natural Land Institute, Rockford, Illinois. Urbana: Dept. of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois and Natural Land Institute, 1978. url p. 188, p. 343.
Text-book of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm, by John W. Harshberger. .. with 121 illustrations. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., [c1920] url p. 284, p. 53.
Textbook of botany [by] F.N. Transeau. .. H.C. Sampson. .. [and] L.H. Tiffany. .. New York, Harper & brothers[c1940] url p. 702.
Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm, by John W. Harshberger. .. with 121 illustrations. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co.[c1920] url p. 284, p. 284, p. 52, p. 53, p. 53.
Textbook of theoretical botany, by R. C. McLean and W. R. Ivimey-Cook. London, Longmans, Green[1951- url p. 1045, p. 1170, p. 1373, p. 2094, p. 2180, p. 2189.
The Asa Gray bulletin. 1 1952 Ann Arbor, Mich. url p. 390.
The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. url p. 81, p. 81, p. 81.
The Canadian field-naturalist. 39 1925 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url mousley , mousley , fig. 1-5 , mousley , title page, no. 4 , williams , p. 10, p. 100, p. 111, p. 138, p. 157, p. 172, p. 175, p. 179, p. 180, p. 196, p. 2, p. 2, p. 208, p. 215, p. 231, p. 25, p. 26, p. 262, p. 27, p. 271, p. 272, p. 273, p. 274, p. 276, p. 278, p. 28, p. 29, p. 290, p. 297, p. 325, p. 326, p. 37, p. 435, p. 470, p. 480, p. 51, p. 526, p. 53, p. 56, p. 561, p. 576, p. 60, p. 61, p. 62, p. 665, p. 73, p. 75, p. 76, p. 767, p. 82, p. 87, p. 9, p. 90, p. 93, p. 98.
The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement followed by a description of the plants, shrubs and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921. url p. 179, p. 180, p. 428, p. 790, p. 89.
The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 145, p. 15, p. 257, p. 258, p. 260, p. 261, p. 262, p. 498, p. 499.
The International Transfer Format (ITF) for botanic garden plant records. Version 01.00 IUCN, Botanic Gardens Conservation Secretariat url p. 16.
The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS. Cedar Falls, Iowa: The Academy, 1988- url p. 159.
The Lepidopteras of New York and neighboring states, primitive forms Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell Univ., 1920. url , p. 473.
The Maine naturalist: journal of the Knox Academy of Arts and Sciences on the fauna, flora and geology of Maine. Thomaston [Me.]: The Academy, [1921-1930] url .
The anthocyanin pigments of plants. By Muriel Wheldale. Cambridge, University Press, 1916. url p. 308, p. 39, p. 41.
The biologist's handbook of pronunciations. Illus. by Morris Van Dame and the author. Springfield, Ill., Thomas[1960] url p. 90.
The biology of flowering plants, by Macgregor Skene. .. New York, The Macmillan Company, 1924. url p. 252, p. 387, p. 407, p. 505.
The botany of Bihar and Orissa: an account of all the known indigenous plants of the province and of the most important or most commonly cultivated exotic ones / with maps and introduction by H. H. Haines. London: Printed by Adlard and sold by agents for Indian Official Publications, 1921-25. url p. 1285.
The complete garden, by Albert D. Taylor, assisted by Gordon D. Cooper. Illustrated with fifty full page cuts, four line charts, and nine coloured plates. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1921. url p. 197, p. 197, p. 394, p. 394.
The flower and the bee; plant life and pollination, by John H. Lovell. .. illustrated from photographs by the author. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. url p. 66.
The fungi / by Frederick A. Wolf and Frederick T. Wolf. New York: J. Wiley, [1947] url p. 303.
The garden under glass, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott company, 1917. url p. 85.
The landscape gardening book, wherein are set down the simple laws of beauty and utility which should guide the development of all grounds, by Grace Tabor. New York, R. M. McBride, 1916. url p. 175, p. 22.
The life of inland waters; an elementary text book of fresh-water biology for students, by James G. Needham and J. T. Lloyd. Ithaca, New York, Comstock Publishing Co., 1937. url p. 425.
The microanalysis of powdered vegetable drugs, by Albert Schneider. .. with 237 illustrations Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son & co.[c1921] url , p. 118, p. 121, p. 123, p. 127, p. 172, p. 18, p. 25, p. 324.
The mysteries of the flowers / by Herbert Waldron Faulkner. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1917. url p. 134, p. 135, p. 137, p. 234.
The mysteries of the flowers, New York: Frederick A. Stokes company, [c1917] url p. 137, p. 234.
The nursery-manual; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants, by L. H. Bailey. New York: Macmillan, [1920] url p. 296, p. 379.
The orchids in the Ottawa District: floristics, phytogeography, population studies and historical review / Joyce M. Reddoch and Allan H. Reddoch. 111 1997 Ottawa, Canada: The Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club, [1997] url , , p. 175, p. 180, p. 22, p. 56, p. 9.
The outline of science: a plain story simply told / edited by J. Arthur Thomson. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons, 1922. url p. 652.
The plants of Michigan; simple keys for the identification of the native seed plants of the state, by Henry Allan Gleason. Ann Arbor, G. Wahr, c1918. url p. 145.
The plants of Prince Edward Island / Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1985. url p. 119, p. 269, p. 42.
The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 121, p. 140, p. 1467, p. 1473, p. 1563, p. 1766, p. 2058, p. 22, p. 23, p. 2382, p. 2383, p. 2384, p. 2387, p. 2389, p. 2397, p. 2402, p. 2462, p. 2463, p. 2464, p. 2465, p. 2466, p. 2467, p. 2468, p. 2469, p. 2470, p. 2601, p. 2602, p. 2603, p. 2604, p. 2972, p. 3142, p. 3172, p. 3587, p. 3619, p. 442, p. 943.
The story of my rock garden, by Reginald A. Malby. .. with introduction by W. Irving. .. illustrated with photographic reproductions and colour plates by the author. London, Headly bros., publishers, ltd.[1919] url p. 104, p. 125, p. 131.
The story of the North Star State / Saint Paul, Minn.: Printed for the author by Webb Pub. Co., c1922. url , p. 10.
Trade in bulbs. Phase 1: report IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 27, p. 35, p. 53, p. 61.
Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 50, p. 81, p. 84.
Vascular plants of the Sangamon River basin; annotated checklist and ecological summary [by] Almut G. Jones and David T. Bell. [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, [1974] url p. 56, p. 73.
Veterinary materia medica and therapeutics / Chicago: American Veterinary Pub. Co., c1919. url .
Wild Plants in Trade TRAFFIC url p. 15, p. 16.
Wild flowers of New York, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1918. url p. 65, p. 68, p. 86, p. 86.
Wild flowers of the North American mountains. New York, McBride, 1917. url p. 10, p. 312, p. 371.
Wild flowers; New York, Macmillan Co., 1934. url , .
World Plant Conservation Bibliography WCMC, Royal Botanic Gardens url p. 367.
Wrightia. 3 1961-1966 Richardson, Tex. [etc.]University of Texas at Dallas. url p. 130, p. 203, p. 284.
Year book of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society with the annual report for. . [Boston, Mass.: s.n., [1924]- url p. 19, p. 19, p. 20, p. 21, p. 22, p. 22, p. 23.
Year book of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee. Milwaukee, Wis.: Board of Trustees, 1922-1932. url p. 54, p. 54.
Bentley, S. L. Native Orchids of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Chapel Hill.
Brown, P. M. 2002. Wild Orchids of Florida. Gainesville.
Brown, P. M. 1997. Wild Orchids of the Northeastern United States: A Field Guide. Ithaca, N.Y.
Brown, P. M. 2000. The Florida Native Orchid Project. Palmetto 20: 610.
Burns-Balogh, P. and V. A. Funk. 1986. A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 61.
Case, F. W. 1987. Orchids of the western Great Lakes region, rev. ed. Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 48.
Coleman, R. A. 1995. The Wild Orchids of California. Ithaca, N.Y.
Correll, D. S. 1950. Native Orchids of North America North of Mexico. Waltham, Mass.
Dressler, R. L. 1981. The Orchids: Natural History and Classification. Cambridge, Mass. Dressler, R. L. 1993. Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Portland.
Homoya, M. A. 1993. Orchids of Indiana. Bloomington.
Liggio, J. and A. Liggio. 1999. Wild Orchids of Texas. Austin.
Luer, C. A. 1972. The Native Orchids of Florida. Bronx.
Luer, C. A. 1975. The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, Excluding Florida. Bronx.
Magrath, L. K. 1973. The Native Orchids of the Prairies and Plains Region of North America. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Kansas.
Morris, F. and E. A. Eames. 1929. Our Wild Orchids: Trails and Portraits. New York.
Pridgeon, A. M., P. J. Cribb, and F. N. Rasmussen. 1999+. Genera Orchidacearum. 1+ vol. Oxford.
Rasmussen, F. N. 1985. Orchids. In: R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1995. The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin etc. Pp. 249274.
Sheehan, T. J. and M. Sheehan. 1994. An Illustrated Survey of Orchid Genera. Portland. Smith, W. R. 1993. Orchids of Minnesota. Minneapolis.
Szlachetko, D. L. 1995. Systema orchidalium. Fragm. Florist. Geobot., suppl. 3.
Whiting, R. E. and P. M. Catling. 1986. Orchids of Ontario: An Illustrated Guide. Ottawa.
Williams, J. G. and A. E. Williams. 1983. Field Guide to Orchids of North America. New York.
Cribb, P. J. 1997. The Genus Cypripedium. Portland.
Sheviak, C. J. 1992. Natural hybridization between Cypripedium montanum and its yellow-lipped relatives. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 61: 546-559.

Notes

[ Back to top ]

Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
The Royal Horticultural Society Horticultural Database, available here.

Identifiers

Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4213271

Footnotes

Gustavo A. Romero-González, Germán Carnevali Fernández-Concha, Robert L. Dressler, Lawrence K. Magrath & George W. Argus "Orchidaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 16, 17, 26, 27, 490, 491, 617. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Charles J. Sheviak "Cypripedium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Cypripedium

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Orchidaceae

Genus Cypripedium

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Biology

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cypripedium

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes