Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress)

Overview

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Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Monterey Cypress, Monterrey Cypress

Common Names in French:

Ciprés Monterrey

Common Names in Spanish:

Ciprés Monterrey

Description

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Family Cupressaceae

Trees or shrubs evergreen , monoecious or dioecious. Leaves decussate or in whorls of 3, scalelike and then often dimorphic with flattened facial leaves and keeled lateral leaves, or needlelike particularly in juvenile plants , often with an abaxial resin gland . Pollen cones terminal or axillary , solitary, maturing and shed annually; microsporophylls 6-16, decussate or whorled , each bearing (2 or) 3-6(-9) pollen sacs ; pollen wingless. Seed cones usually terminal, solitary, globose , ovoid , or oblong , dehiscent or indehiscent when mature in 1st or 2nd(or 3rd) year; cone scales developing after ovules originate in bract axils; bracts almost completely enveloped by cone scales, free only at apex; ovules 1-numerous per bract axil, erect ; cone scales of mature cones 3-16, flat or peltate, woody, leathery, or succulent, 1-20-seeded. Seeds winged or not; wings derived from seed coat . Cotyledons usually 2, rarely 3-6. Germination epigeal.

Nineteen genera and ca. 125 species: worldwide; eight genera (one introduced ) and 46 species (16 endemic, 13 introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Cupressus

Trees or large shrubs evergreen . Branchlets terete or quadrangular , in decussate arrays (or partially comblike in Cupressus macnabiana ). Leaves opposite in 4 ranks . Adult leaves appressed to divergent, scalelike, rhomboid , free portion of long-shoot leaves to 4 mm; abaxial gland present or absent. Pollen cones with 4--10 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 3--10 pollen sacs . Seed cones maturing in 1--2 years, generally persisting closed many years or until opened by fire, globose or oblong , 1--4 cm; scales persistent , 3--6 pairs, valvate , peltate, thick and woody. Seeds 5--20 per scale, lenticular or faceted , narrowly 2-winged; cotyledons 2--5. x = 11.

Species 10--26: warm north temperate regions .

The genus Cupressus in North America consists mainly of small, disjunct , relictual populations, many differing from related populations in color and size of leaves and seeds, activity of leaf glands , glaucousness of various parts, form of growth, and characteristics of bark . Disagreements on the number and rank of taxa reflect these variations . This treatment, with seven taxa, approaches the more conservative end of a spectrum; anywhere from 6 to 15 taxa---species, subspecies , and varieties---might be accepted in the flora . The taxonomy of the genus would benefit from detailed studies of variation in and among populations (cf. J. F. Goggans and C. E. Posey 1968).

The Mediterranean Cupressus sempervirens Linnaeus, usually with a fastigiate habit, is commonly cultivated in California, often away from dwellings, but it does not appear to have become naturalized . Other introduced Eurasian and Mexican species are clearly associated with cultivated landscapes.[2]

Physical Description

Species Cupressus macrocarpa

Trees to 25 m ; crown generally broadly spreading , especially on exposed headlands, fairly sparse, often composed of few major limbs from near ground , more upright in sheltered locations. Bark rough, fibrous . Branchlets decussate, 1.5--2 mm diam. Leaves without gland or sometimes with inconspicuous, shallow, pitlike, abaxial gland that does not produce drop of resin, not glaucous. Pollen cones 4--6 ´ 2.5--3 mm; pollen sacs 6--10. Seed cones oblong , 2.5--4 cm, grayish brown, not glaucous; scales 4--6 pairs, smooth , umbo nearly flat at maturity. Seeds mostly 5--6 mm, dark brown, not glaucous. 2 n = 22. [source]

Habit: Tree

Size/Age/Growth

Size: over 40' tall.

Habitat

Coastal bluffs ; of conservation concern; 5--35 m [3].

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Burnett
        Order: Cupressales ()
        Family: Cupressaceae () - Richard ex Bartling, 1830, nom. cons. - Cypress Family
        Genus: Cupressus () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Cypress [Latin name of C . sempervirens ]
        Specific epithet: macrocarpa - Hartw. ex Gord.
        Botanical name: - Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gord.

Synonyms

Cupressus hartwegii Carrière • Cupressus lambertiana hort. ex Carrière • Cupressus macrocarpa var. lambertiana (Carrière) Mast.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Conservation status: VU (D2 ), Habit: Tree

Last scrutiny: 5-Jun-2008

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Cupressus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 53 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
Conifer Database. Release date: June 5, 2008
Conifer Specialist Group 1998. Cupressus macrocarpa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
Conifer Specialist Group 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
"Cupressus macrocarpa". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 05, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 05, 2007:

Australian National Herbarium
, Australian National Herbarium
Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
European Environment Agency, EUNIS
GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
, Vascular Plant Herbarium
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2663813
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-1837
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2113036
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:676760-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 12659
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 183480
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 118903-3
IUCN ID: 203523
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PGCUP04060
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CUMA2
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 32396

Footnotes

Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams & Aljos Farjon "Cupressaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 62. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
James E. Eckenwalder "Cupressus". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Cupressus macrocarpa". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Cupressus macrocarpa

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Cupressaceae

Genus Cupressus

Physical Description

Species Cupressus macrocarpa

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cupressus

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes