Cupressus lusitanica

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Cupressaceae

Trees or shrubs evergreen , monoecious or dioecious. Leaves decussate or in whorls of 3, scalelike and then often dimorphic with flattened facial leaves and keeled lateral leaves, or needlelike particularly in juvenile plants , often with an abaxial resin gland . Pollen cones terminal or axillary , solitary, maturing and shed annually; microsporophylls 6-16, decussate or whorled , each bearing (2 or) 3-6(-9) pollen sacs ; pollen wingless. Seed cones usually terminal, solitary, globose , ovoid , or oblong , dehiscent or indehiscent when mature in 1st or 2nd(or 3rd) year; cone scales developing after ovules originate in bract axils; bracts almost completely enveloped by cone scales, free only at apex; ovules 1-numerous per bract axil, erect ; cone scales of mature cones 3-16, flat or peltate, woody, leathery, or succulent, 1-20-seeded. Seeds winged or not; wings derived from seed coat . Cotyledons usually 2, rarely 3-6. Germination epigeal.

Nineteen genera and ca. 125 species: worldwide; eight genera (one introduced ) and 46 species (16 endemic, 13 introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Cupressus

Trees or large shrubs evergreen . Branchlets terete or quadrangular , in decussate arrays (or partially comblike in Cupressus macnabiana ). Leaves opposite in 4 ranks . Adult leaves appressed to divergent, scalelike, rhomboid , free portion of long-shoot leaves to 4 mm; abaxial gland present or absent. Pollen cones with 4--10 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 3--10 pollen sacs . Seed cones maturing in 1--2 years, generally persisting closed many years or until opened by fire, globose or oblong , 1--4 cm; scales persistent , 3--6 pairs, valvate , peltate, thick and woody. Seeds 5--20 per scale, lenticular or faceted , narrowly 2-winged; cotyledons 2--5. x = 11.

Species 10--26: warm north temperate regions .

The genus Cupressus in North America consists mainly of small, disjunct , relictual populations, many differing from related populations in color and size of leaves and seeds, activity of leaf glands , glaucousness of various parts, form of growth, and characteristics of bark . Disagreements on the number and rank of taxa reflect these variations . This treatment, with seven taxa, approaches the more conservative end of a spectrum; anywhere from 6 to 15 taxa---species, subspecies , and varieties---might be accepted in the flora . The taxonomy of the genus would benefit from detailed studies of variation in and among populations (cf. J. F. Goggans and C. E. Posey 1968).

The Mediterranean Cupressus sempervirens Linnaeus, usually with a fastigiate habit, is commonly cultivated in California, often away from dwellings, but it does not appear to have become naturalized . Other introduced Eurasian and Mexican species are clearly associated with cultivated landscapes.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 5-Jun-2008

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cupressus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 53 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. arizonica (Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica arizonica var. arizonica (Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica Greene var. glabra (Sudw.) Little (Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica nevadensis (Piute Cypress) · C. arizonica stephensonii (Cuyamaca Cypress) · C. arizonica var. Blue Ice (Blue Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica var. glabra 'Carolina Sapphire' (Carolina Sapphire Cypress) · C. arizonica var. montana (San Pedro Martir Cypress) · C. arizonica var. montana 'Blue Column' (San Pedro Martir Cypress) · C. arizonica var. nevadensis (Piute Cypress) · C. arizonica var. stephensonii (Cuyamaca Cypress) · C. arizonica 'Blue Pyramid' (Blue Pyramid Cypress) · C. arizonica 'Carolina Sapphire' (Carolina Sapphire Cypress) · C. bakeri (Baker's Cypress) · C. bakeri matthewsii (Siskiyou Cypress) · C. cashmeriana (Kashmir Cypress) · C. chengiana (Chengs Cypress) · C. duclouxiana (Chinese Cypress) · C. dupreziana (Saharan Cypress) · C. dupreziana var. atlantica (Atlas Cypress) · C. funebris (Chinese Weeping Cypress) · C. glabra arizonica (Arizona Smooth Cypress) · C. glabra 'Carolina Sapphire' (Arizona Cypress) · C. glabra 'Chaparral' (Arizona Cypress) · C. glabra 'Silver Smoke' (Silver Smoke Arizona Cypress) · C. goveniana (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana Gordon var. goveniana (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana pygmaea (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana var. abramsiana (Santa Cruz Cypress) · C. goveniana var. goveniana (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana var. pygmaea (Pygmy Cypress) · C. guadalupensis (Forbes Cypress) · C. guadalupensis var. forbesii (Tecate Cypress) · C. lusitanica (Cedar of Goa) · C. macnabiana (Macnab Cypress) · C. macnabiana A.Murray bis var. bakeri (Jeps.) Jeps. (Fragrant Cypress) · C. macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Goldcrest' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Golden Pillar' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Greenstead Magnificent' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Lutea' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Saligna Aurea' (Monterey Cypress) · C. sargentii (Sargent Cypress) · C. sempervirens (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens f. horizontalis (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens f. sempervirens (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens var. stricta (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Glauca' (Blue Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Green Pencil' (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Monshel' (Tiny Tower® Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Swane's Golden' (Swane's Golden Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Totem' (Dwarf Italian Cypress) · C. torulosa (Himalayan Cypress)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 20.
• A Directory of Neotropical Wetlands. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 341.
• A Manual of the coniferae: containing a general review of the order; a synopsis of the hardy kinds cultivated in Great Britain; their place and use in horticulture, etc., etc. [London]: James Veitch & Sons, 1881. url p. 239.
• A discussion of Australian forestry: with special references to forestry in Western Australia, the necessity of an Australian forest policy, and notices of organised forestry in other parts of the world / by D. E. Hutchins. Perth, F. W. Simpson, government printer, 1916. url p. 121, p. 123, p. 153, p. 251, p. 78, p. 82.
• A handbook of Coniferae, including Ginkgoaceæ, by W. Dallimore and A. Bruce Jackson. With drawings by Miss G. Lister. New York, Longmans, Green, 1923. url p. 192, p. 206.
• About trees, shrubs, and climbing plants for South Africa; concise hints on the making of farm plantations, shrubberies. .. Maritzburg, 1919. url p. 31, p. 45, p. 76.
• American flower garden directory: containing practical directions for the culture of plants in the flower garden, hot-house, green-house, rooms, or parlour windows, for every month in the year. With a description of the plants most de Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1845. url p. 232.
• An encyclopaedia of trees and shrubs: being the Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum abridged: containing the hardy trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, by J. C. Loudon. London: F. Warne; 1869. url .
• Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum; or, The trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, pictorially and botanically delineated, and scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, mana London, Henry G. Bohn, 1854. url p. 116.
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 270.
• Botanical notes at Barton & Mildenhall, Suffolk / by Sir Charles J.F. Bunbury; edited by his wife. Mildenhall: Printed by S.R. Simpson, 1889 url p. 155, p. 158.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1913 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 110, p. 286.
• Coniferous trees for profit & ornament: being a concise description of each species and variety, with the most recently approved nomenclature, list of synonyms, and best methods of cultivation / by A. D. Webster. London: Constable and Co., 1918. url .
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 1920-1926 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 1644, p. 17, p. 33, p. 514.
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 40, p. 779.
• Evolution of foliar types, dwarf shoots, and cone scales of Pinus; with remarks concerning similar structures in related forms; Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois, 1935 url p. 88.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 548.
• Farm buildings and building construction in South Africa; a text-book for farmers, agricultural students, teachers, builders, etc. By W.S.H. Cleghorne. .. with a foreword by F.B. Smith. .. with 235 diagrams. London, Longmans, Green and Co., 1922. url p. 341.
• Flora of Guatemala / by Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. 24 1958 Chicago: Chicago Museum of Natural History, 1958. url p. 27, fig. 5, page 29, p. 31, p. 32, p. vii.
• Forestry in South Africa, by D.E. Hutchins. .. n.p., 1905? url p. 7.
• Forestry: some practical notes on forestry suitable for New South Wales. Conifers, by J.H Maiden. .. Sydney, W.A. Gullick, 1908. url p. 36.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1992 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 1270, p. 256, p. 299.
• Hand-list of Coniferae, grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens. LondonPrinted for H.M. Stationery Off. by Darling1903 url p. 31.
• Hand-list of Coniferae: grown in the Royal botanic gardens. London: Printed for H. M. Stationery off. by Darling & son, Ltd., 1903. url p. 31.
• Hardy coniferous trees: being a concise description of each species and variety, with the most recently approved nomenclature, lists of synonyms, and best methods of cultivation. .. / by A. D. Webster. London: Hutchinson, 1896. url p. 41.
• Hedges and evergreens. New York, A. O. Moore, 1858. url p. 264.
• Hortus lignosus londinensis: or, A catalogue of all the ligneous plants, indigenous and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, cultivated in the gardens and grounds in the neighbourhood of London: with all their synonymes, scientific and By J. C. Loudon. London, The author, 1838. url p. 148.
• IUCN Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas IUCN url p. 222.
• Illustrations of conifers / by H. Clinton-Baker. Hertford: Privately printed [by Simson], 1909-1913. url , .
• Injurious and beneficial insects of California. / By E. O. Essig. Sacramento, California state printing office, 1915 url p. 167.
• Irish gardening. Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922 url p. 101.
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 17.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 238.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 38 1937 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url , p. 114.
• List of intercepted plant pests / United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.], 1932- url p. 18.
• Loudon's encyclopaedia of plants; comprising the specific character, description, culture, history, application in the arts, and every other desirable particular respecting all the plants indigenous to, cultivated in, or introduced in Edited by Mrs. Loudon, assisted by George Don and David Wooster. London, Longmans, Green, 1866. url p. 807.
• Madagascar: an environmental profile IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 37.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 12 2002 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 185.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 36, p. 59, p. 6.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 106, p. 162, p. 163, p. 170, p. 181, p. 184, p. 222, p. 30, p. 355, p. 360, p. 370, p. 391, p. 396, p. 397, p. 436, p. 442, p. 79.
• Practical hints on planting ornamental trees, with particular reference to coniferae... by Standish and Noble. London, Bradbury and Evans, 1852. url p. 62.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 115, p. 577, p. 582, p. 588, p. 594, p. 595, p. 602, p. 603.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 375, p. 378, p. 380.
• Report on forests and forestry / by John A. Warden. Washington: G.p.o., 1875. url p. 57.
• Report on the Natal forests. .. [S.l.: s.n.], 1889. url p. 183.
• Report on the forests of British East Africa. LondonPrinted for His Majesty's Stationery Off. by Darling1909 url p. 115, p. 91.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 115 1951 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 293.
• South African journal of natural history. Pretoria, South African Biological Society. url p. 165.
• St. Helena: the historic island from its discovery to the present date, by E.L. Jackson, illustrated from photographs. New York, Thomas Whittaker, 1905. url p. 329.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 108.
• Sylva florifera: the shrubbery historically and botanically treated: with observations on the formation of ornamental plantations, and picturesque scenery / by Henry Phillips. .. London: Printed for Longmans, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown [by A. & R. Spottiswoode], 1823. url p. 202.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 29.
• The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas IUCN url p. 177.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 171, p. 284, p. 487.
• The Gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orome, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 452, p. 453.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 1093, p. 1188, p. 211, p. 278.
• The Gardeners' chronicle. 1841 London: published for the proprietors, 1841-1843. url p. 410.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , , p. 160, p. 178, p. 184, p. 203, p. 205, p. 206, p. 206, p. 207, p. 219, p. 231, p. 24, p. 259, p. 275, p. 289, p. 299, p. 315, p. 351, p. 426, p. 470, p. 532, p. 57, p. 64, p. 64, p. 64, p. 709, p. 761.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 241.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 31 1895-1897 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 324, p. 333.
• The Magazine of horticulture, botany, and all useful discoveries and improvements in rural affairs. Boston: Hovey and Co., 1837- url p. 556.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 607.
• The agriculturist's manual: being a familiar description of the agricultural plants cultivated in Europe: including practical observations respecting those suited to the climate of Great Britain and forming a report of Lawson's by Peter Lawson & Son. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh: Thomas Cadell, 141 Strand, London; and W. Curry Jun. & Co., Dublin, 1836. url p. 391.
• The conservation and sustainable use of the crop genetic resources of Central America. A Darwin initiative funded project. Report on phase 1 WCMC url p. 23.
• The cultivated evergreens; a handbook of the coniferous and most important broad-leaved evergreens planted for ornament in the United States and Canada, edited by L. H. Bailey. London, Macmillan & co., ltd., 1923. url p. 207, p. 385.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 645, p. 645.
• The florist, fruitist, and garden miscellany. London: Chapman and Hall, 1852- url p. 139.
• The forest flora of north-west and central India: a handbook of the indigenous trees and shrubs of those countries / Commenced by by J. Lindsay Stewart. Continued and completed by Dietrich Brandis. Prepared at the herbarium of the Royal gardens, Kew. LondonW.H. Allen1874 url p. 534.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• Conifer Database 2006.
• Conifer Database. Release date: June 5, 2008
• Conifer Specialist Group 1998. Cupressus lusitanica. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• Conifer Specialist Group 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed May 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 01, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• GBIF-Spain, CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Herbario SANT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, SANT herbarium vascular plant collection
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1672122
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-1833
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13983401
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261946-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 261945-1
• IUCN ID: 203521
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 730747

Footnotes

1. Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams & Aljos Farjon "Cupressaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 62. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. James E. Eckenwalder "Cupressus". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 845.200 meters (2,772.966 feet), Standard Deviation = 979.430 based on 129 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.