Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Chinese Weeping Cypress, Mourning Cypress
Description
Family Cupressaceae
Trees
or shrubs
evergreen
, monoecious or dioecious. Leaves decussate or in whorls of 3, scalelike and then often dimorphic
with flattened facial leaves and keeled
lateral
leaves, or needlelike particularly in juvenile plants
, often with an abaxial
resin gland
. Pollen cones terminal
or axillary
, solitary, maturing and shed annually; microsporophylls
6-16, decussate or whorled
, each bearing (2 or) 3-6(-9) pollen sacs
; pollen wingless. Seed cones usually terminal, solitary, globose
, ovoid
, or oblong
, dehiscent
or indehiscent when mature
in 1st or 2nd(or 3rd) year; cone scales developing after ovules originate in bract axils; bracts almost completely enveloped by cone scales, free
only at apex; ovules 1-numerous per bract axil, erect
; cone scales of mature cones 3-16, flat or peltate, woody, leathery, or succulent, 1-20-seeded. Seeds winged
or not; wings
derived from seed coat
. Cotyledons usually 2, rarely 3-6. Germination epigeal.
Nineteen genera and ca.
125 species: worldwide; eight genera (one introduced
) and 46 species (16 endemic, 13 introduced) in China.[1]
Genus Cupressus
Trees
or large shrubs
evergreen
. Branchlets
terete
or quadrangular
, in decussate arrays (or partially comblike in Cupressus macnabiana ). Leaves opposite in 4 ranks
. Adult
leaves appressed
to divergent, scalelike, rhomboid
, free
portion of long-shoot leaves to 4 mm; abaxial
gland
present or absent. Pollen cones with 4--10 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 3--10 pollen sacs
. Seed cones maturing in 1--2 years, generally persisting closed
many years or until opened by fire, globose
or oblong
, 1--4 cm; scales
persistent
, 3--6 pairs, valvate
, peltate, thick and woody. Seeds 5--20 per scale, lenticular
or faceted
, narrowly 2-winged; cotyledons 2--5. x
= 11.
Species 10--26: warm north temperate regions
.
The genus Cupressus in North America consists mainly of small, disjunct
, relictual populations, many differing from related populations in color and size of leaves and seeds, activity of leaf glands
, glaucousness of various parts, form of growth, and characteristics of bark
. Disagreements on the number and rank of taxa reflect these variations
. This treatment, with seven taxa, approaches the more conservative end of a spectrum; anywhere from 6 to 15 taxa---species, subspecies
, and varieties---might be accepted in the flora
. The taxonomy of the genus would benefit from detailed studies of variation in and among populations (cf.
J. F. Goggans and C.
E. Posey 1968).
The Mediterranean Cupressus sempervirens Linnaeus, usually with a fastigiate
habit, is commonly cultivated in California, often away from dwellings, but it does not appear to have become naturalized
. Other introduced
Eurasian and Mexican species are clearly associated with cultivated landscapes.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Evergreen .
Flowers: Flower Color: inconspicuous, none
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 30-40' tall.
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space over 40' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Burnett
- Order:
Cupressales
(
)
- Family:
Cupressaceae
(
)
- Richard ex Bartling, 1830, nom. cons.
- Cypress Family
- Genus:
Cupressus
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Cypress [Latin name of C . sempervirens ]
- Specific epithet:
funebris
- Endl.
- Botanical name: - Cupressus funebris Endl.
- Specific epithet:
funebris
- Endl.
- Genus:
Cupressus
(
- Family:
Cupressaceae
(
- Order:
Cupressales
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Chamaecyparis funebris (Endl.) Franco • Cupressus funebris var. gracilis Carrière • Cupressus pendula Abel
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Comment: Conservation
status: LC, Habit: Tree
Last scrutiny: 5-Jun-2008
Similar Species
Members of the genus Cupressus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 53 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
C. arizonica (Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica arizonica var. arizonica (Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica Greene var. glabra (Sudw.) Little (Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica nevadensis (Piute Cypress) · C. arizonica stephensonii (Cuyamaca Cypress) · C. arizonica var. Blue Ice (Blue Arizona Cypress) · C. arizonica var. glabra 'Carolina Sapphire' (Carolina Sapphire Cypress) · C. arizonica var. montana (San Pedro Martir Cypress) · C. arizonica var. montana 'Blue Column' (San Pedro Martir Cypress) · C. arizonica var. nevadensis (Piute Cypress) · C. arizonica var. stephensonii (Cuyamaca Cypress) · C. arizonica 'Blue Pyramid' (Blue Pyramid Cypress) · C. arizonica 'Carolina Sapphire' (Carolina Sapphire Cypress) · C. bakeri (Baker's Cypress) · C. bakeri matthewsii (Siskiyou Cypress) · C. cashmeriana (Kashmir Cypress) · C. chengiana (Chengs Cypress) · C. duclouxiana (Chinese Cypress) · C. dupreziana (Saharan Cypress) · C. dupreziana var. atlantica (Atlas Cypress) · C. funebris (Chinese Weeping Cypress) · C. glabra arizonica (Arizona Smooth Cypress) · C. glabra 'Carolina Sapphire' (Arizona Cypress) · C. glabra 'Chaparral' (Arizona Cypress) · C. glabra 'Silver Smoke' (Silver Smoke Arizona Cypress) · C. goveniana (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana Gordon var. goveniana (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana pygmaea (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana var. abramsiana (Santa Cruz Cypress) · C. goveniana var. goveniana (Gowen Cypress) · C. goveniana var. pygmaea (Pygmy Cypress) · C. guadalupensis (Forbes Cypress) · C. guadalupensis var. forbesii (Tecate Cypress) · C. lusitanica (Cedar of Goa) · C. macnabiana (Macnab Cypress) · C. macnabiana A.Murray bis var. bakeri (Jeps.) Jeps. (Fragrant Cypress) · C. macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Goldcrest' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Golden Pillar' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Greenstead Magnificent' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Lutea' (Monterey Cypress) · C. macrocarpa 'Saligna Aurea' (Monterey Cypress) · C. sargentii (Sargent Cypress) · C. sempervirens (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens f. horizontalis (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens f. sempervirens (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens var. stricta (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Glauca' (Blue Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Green Pencil' (Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Monshel' (Tiny Tower® Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Swane's Golden' (Swane's Golden Italian Cypress) · C. sempervirens 'Totem' (Dwarf Italian Cypress) · C. torulosa (Himalayan Cypress)
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Further Reading
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- A history of the vegetable kingdom: embracing the whole physiology of plants with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. LondonBlackie1866 url p. viii.
- A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. London, Blackie and Son, 1855. url .
- A manual of Indian timbers; an account of the growth, distribution, and uses of the trees and shrubs of India and Ceylon with descriptions of their wood-structure, by J. S. Gamble... London: S. Low, Marston & co. ltd., 1902. url p. 695.
- A manual of dangerous insects likely to be introduced in the United States through importations. Ed. by W. Dwight Pierce, entomologist, southern field crop insect investigations. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1918. url p. 94, p. 94.
- A manual of the Coniferae, containing a general review of the order; a synopsis of the hardy kinds cultivated in Great Britain; their place and use in horticulture, etc., etc. With numerous woodcuts and illustrations. Chelsea, 1881. url , .
- A naturalist in Western China: with vasculum, camera, and gun, being some account of eleven year's travel, exploration, and observation in the more remote parts of the flowery kingdom; with an introduction by Charles Sprague Sargent. London, Methuen[1913] url , , p. 215, p. 229, p. 45, p. 74, p. 75, p. xiii.
- A naturalist in western China, with vasculum, camera, and gun; being some account of eleven years' travel, exploration, and observation in the more remote parts of the Flowery kingdom, by Ernest Henry Wilson...with an introduction by Charles Sprague Sargent...With one hundred and one full-page illustrations and a map. London, Methuen & co., ltd.[1913] url , p. 13, p. 17, p. 215, p. 223, p. 229, p. 5, p. 74, p. 75.
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
- Conifer Database 2006.
- Conifer Database. Release date: June 5, 2008
- Conifer Specialist Group 1998. Cupressus funebris. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
- Conifer Specialist Group 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 03, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3497148
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-1814
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14706110
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261925-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 261925-1
- IUCN ID: 203518
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 730713
Footnotes
- Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams & Aljos Farjon "Cupressaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 62. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- James E. Eckenwalder "Cupressus". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
