Centaurium sebaeoides

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Gentianaceae

Herbs [shrubs or small trees ], annual , biennial, or perennial . Stems ascending , erect , or twining . Leaves opposite, less often alternate or whorled , simple , base connate ; stipules absent. Inflorescences simple or complex cymes, sometimes reduced to sessile clusters , often in a thyrse or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual , 4 or 5 (or 6-8) [-12]-merous. Calyx tubular , obconic, campanulate , or rotate, lobes joined at least basally. Corolla tubular, obconic, salverform , funnelform , campanulate, or rotate, rarely with basal spurs; lobes overlapping to right or rarely valvate in bud; plicae (extensions of the corolla tube between the lobes) present or absent. Stamens inserted on corolla tube or occasionally at sinus between corolla lobes, alternate with lobes; anthers basifixed or dorsifixed , 2-locular. Nectaries absent or attached to ovary base or corolla. Ovary usually 1-locular at least apically, rarely 2-locular due to intrusion of a lamellate placenta into locular cavity . Fruit a 2-valved capsule, rarely a berry. Seeds many or rarely few, small; endosperm abundant [scant in saprophytic genera].

About 80 genera and 700 species: worldwide; 20 genera and 419 species in China, of which two genera and 251 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Centaurium

Annuals . Stems erect , obscurely 4angled. Leaves opposite. Cymes pseudodichotomous , sometimes spicate . Flowers [4 or] 5merous. Calyx lobed nearly to base . Corolla salverform , lobes shorter than tube . Stamens inserted at throat of corolla tube; filaments filiform , erect at first, helically coiled later; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary partly 2-locular. Style linear ; stigma lobes orbicular . Capsules 2valved, many seeded. Seed coat alveolate .

40-50 species: worldwide except subsaharan Africa; two species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Ecology: An annual herb, 6-20 cm tall, occurring in dry shrublands, primarily at coastal sites with coralline or basaltic substrates.[3].

List of Habitats :

•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
[more info]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Erythraea Sebaeoides • Erythraea sebaeoides (Griseb.) A. Gray • Schenkia Sebaeoides

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Centaurium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 30 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. arizonicum (Arizona Centaury) · C. beyrichii (Mountain Pink) · C. beyrichii var. beyrichii (Quinineweed) · C. breviflorum (Shortflower Centaury) · C. calycosum (Arizona Centaury) · C. calycosum var. calycosum (Arizona Centaury) · C. confertum (Centaury) · C. davyi (Davy's Centaury) · C. erythraea (Bitter Herb) · C. erythraea erythraea (European Centaury) · C. erythraea var. capitatum (European Centaury) · C. exaltatum (Desert Centaury) · C. glanduliferum (Sticky Centaury) · C. littorale (Seaside Centaury) · C. littorale var. glomeratum (Seaside Centaury) · C. maryannum (Gypsum Centaury) · C. muehlenbergii (June Centaury) · C. multicaule (Many-Stem Centaury) · C. namophilum (Spring Loving Centaury) · C. nudicaule (Santa Catalina Centaurium) · C. pulchellum (Branched Centaury) · C. quitense (Britton's Centaury) · C. sebaeoides (Awiwi) · C. spicatum (Spiked Centaury) · C. tenuiflorum (Slender Centaury) · C. texense (Lady Bird's Centaury) · C. trichanthum (Alkali Centaury) · C. venustum (Canchalagua Centaury) · C. venustum venustum (Canchalagua) · C. venustum subsp. abramsii (Charming Centaury)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• IUCN. 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2003.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2) [accepts].
• Mansion, G. 2004. A new classification of the polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Chironiinae, Gentianaceae): description of the New World endemic Zeltnera, and reinstatement of Gyrandra Griseb. and Schenkia Griseb. Taxon 53:725.
• NatureServe. 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. (Accessed: October 20, 2003).
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Rare plant database. Unpublished.
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Species Information: threatened and endangered animals and plants - on-line resource. (US Fish & Wildl List) [accepts].
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. (F Hawaii) [accepts].
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1999. Hawaiian vascular plants at risk:1999. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 60:33. [accepts].
• Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.
• Ho Ting-nung; Liu Shang-wu, & Wu Ching-ju in Ho Ting-nung, ed. 1988. Gentianaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 62: 1-411.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003. Centaurium sebaeoides. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2653252
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-30047
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13744222
• GRIN Nomen Number: 320037
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 30047
• IUCN ID: 198453
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDGEN020D0
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: Q30Q
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CESE6
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 29479

Footnotes

1. Ting-nung Ho & James S. Pringle "Gentianaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Centaurium". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 4. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003. Centaurium sebaeoides. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.