Interesting Facts
Description
Family Cannabaceae
Herbs, annual
or perennial
, erect
or twining
, dioecious or sometimes monoecious, often with cystoliths
(a hard calcium carbonate
structure at base
of a hair) . Stems furrowed
or winged
. Stipules free
. Leaves alternate or opposite, palmately lobed
or compound
, sometimes simple
. Male inflorescences a bracteate
cymose
panicle. Male flowers: pedicellate
; sepals 5, free; petals absent; stamens 5, opposite sepals; filaments
short; anthers
2-loculed, dehiscent
by longitudinal
slits. Female inflorescences a bracteate spicate cyme much reduced in Cannabis, pendent or erect. Female flowers: sessile; calyx appressed
to ovary, membranous; petals absent; ovary 1-loculed; ovule solitary, pendulous from locule apex; style 2-parted, branches filiform
. Fruit an achene, covered by persistent
calyx; endosperm fleshy
; embryo curved
or spirally involute
.
Two genera and four species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; two genera and four species (one endemic) in China.
Because all the Chinese species in this family
are cultivated and are often found naturalized
in disturbed
habitats
, it is difficult to know the true wild distributions.
Cannabaceae has sometimes been included
in Moraceae or Urticaceae but is now usually recognized as a distinct
family. The subfamily
Celtidoideae of Ulmaceae could possibly be included within Cannabaceae (see the discussion after the Ulmaceae family description
) .[1]
Genus Aphananthe
Trees
or shrubs
, deciduous or semi-evergreen
, dioecious or monoecious. Branchlets
never spinose
, never corky or winged
. Stipules 2, free
, caducous
, leaving a short transverse
scar
on each side of the leaf base
. Leaves alternate, distichous or in several ranks
; papery
to leathery, margin
serrate or entire. Flowers appearing at same time as leaves, unisexual
. Male inflorescences cymes. Female inflorescences 1-flowered. Male flowers: perianth 4- or 5-parted, tepals imbricate. Ovary absent or inconspicuous and hair-shaped. Stamens equal in number to tepals; filaments
erect
or apically incurved
; anthers
oblong
. Female flowers: perianth 4- or 5-parted, tepals narrow and ± imbricate. Drupes ovoid
to ± globose
; exocarp
± fleshy
; endocarp bony. Seed with thin endosperm or not; embryo involute
; cotyledons narrow.
About five species: tropical
and subtropical
areas of E Asia, Madagascar, Mexico, and Pacific Islands; two species in China.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Urticanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Rosales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Cannabaceae
(
)
- Augier, 1801 ex Martinov, 1820, nom. cons.
- hemp
- Genus:
Aphananthe
(
)
- J.E. Planchon, 1848, nom. cons.
-
- Specific epithet:
aspera
- C.J.Chen
- Variety:
pubescens
- Botanical name: - Aphananthe aspera var. pubescens C.J.Chen
- Variety:
pubescens
- Specific epithet:
aspera
- C.J.Chen
- Genus:
Aphananthe
(
- Family:
Cannabaceae
(
- Order:
Rosales
(
- Superorder:
Urticanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : C.J.Chen Publication : Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 49 (1979) .
Similar Species
Members of the genus Aphananthe
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
More Info
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- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Chang Siushih. 1998. Cannaboideae. In: Chang Siushih & Wu Chengyih, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(1): 220224.
- Fu Likuo, Chen Chiajui & Tang Yancheng. 1998. Ulmaceae. In: Chun Woonyong & Huang Chengchiu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 22: 334, 413.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
Identifiers
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 16020781
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:891959-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 891959-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3711385
Footnotes
- Zhengyi Wu, Zhe-Kun Zhou & Bruce Bartholomew "Cannabaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 74. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Aphananthe". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 11. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
