Vermivora chrysoptera

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Near Threatened

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The Golden-winged Warbler uses primarily habitats that are in early successional areas such as shrubby vegetation found along streams , wet fields with shrubby vegetation, power line right-of-ways, and some cut-over areas.

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands, montaine evergreen forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest • Maximum Elevation: 3,000 meters • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,479 meters (0 to 14,695 feet).[1]

Ecology: Breeds in open deciduous woodland, secondary growth , brushy pastures and bogs2, apparently favouring a particular stage in woodland succession3. When the habitat passes this stage, birds move on3. All kinds of woodland and scrub are used during migration, and birds generally winter in secondary growth forest or forest edge with a good understorey3. Most records come from below 2,000 m , and right down to sea-level3. The well-hidden nest is usually on or close to the ground , and breeding takes place in May and June3.

[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     3.6     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

The diet consists of insects and spiders found on leaves and branches. It forages by moving among the branches gathering the food that it finds. It also searches clusters of dead leaves to find the insects hiding within.

Primarily: Insects

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in mid-May and extends to late June. The nest is commonly on the ground , hidden among the grass or against the trunk of a tree . Rarely, the nest is woven among the vegetation, and then it is only placed a few inches above the ground. The nest is cup-shaped and built out of grasses and strips of grapevine bark . The female lays 4-7 (usually 4-5) eggs that she incubates for 10 days. The young are altricial and fledge 9-10 days after hatching .

• Breeding Habitat : Successional-scrub
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-6
• Length of Incubation : 10 days
• Days to Fledge: 9-10

Migration

Migratory

The song of this species is a low, soft, buzzing song that sounds like be-bzz-bzz-bzz.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Oct-2007

Similar Species

In the East, the most similar species is the Blue-winged Warbler, although many warblers are similar in size and body shape. The Blue-winged Warbler is mostly yellow, with slate-gray wings and tail, and has two wing bars and a black eye stripe. The song of the Blue-winged Warbler is similar to the Golden-wing Warbler's but shorter. Its low, soft, buzzing song sounds like be-bzz. The Blue-winged Warbler and Golden-winged Warbler interbreed and produce two hybrids called the Brewster's Warbler and Lawrence's Warbler. The Brewster's Warbler - the more common of the two hybrids - has the black eye stripe, a yellow crown, a variety of yellow throughout the body, grayish wings and tail, and two yellowish wing bars. The Lawrence's Warbler has the black ear patch and throat, variable yellow throughout the body, grayish wings and tail, and two yellowish wing bars.

The gray and white plumage and black throat of the Golden-winged warbler is somewhat reminiscent of a chickadee but note the yellow forehead and wing patch of the warbler. The Blue-winged Warbler occassionally hybridizes with the Golden-winged Warbler to produce offspring with characteristics of both parents. Some have mostly white underparts but the face pattern of the Blue-winged Warbler (Brewster's Warbler), while some have the yellow plumage of the Blue-winged but the face pattern of the Golden-winged (Lawrence's Warbler). These hybrids sometimes backcross with Blue-winged or Golden-winged to produce offspring more similar to Blue-winged or Golden-winged.

Members of the genus Vermivora

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species and subspecies in this genus:

V. bachmanii (Bachman's Wood Warbler) · V. celata (Orange Crowned Warbler) · V. celata celata (Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata lutescens (Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata orestera (Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata sordida (Dusky Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. chrysoptera (Golden Winged Warbler) · V. crissalis (Colima Warbler) · V. cyanoptera (Blue-Winged Warbler) · V. gutteralis (Flame-Throated Warbler) · V. lawrencii (Lawrence's Warbler) · V. leucobronchialis (Brewster's Warbler) · V. luciae (Desert Warbler) · V. peregrina (Tennessee Swamp Warbler) · V. pinus (Blue Winged Warbler) · V. ruficapilla (Nashville Swamp Warbler) · V. ruficapilla gutturalis (Calaveras Warbler) · V. ruficapilla ridgwayi (Nashville Warbler) · V. ruficapilla ruficapilla (Nashville Swamp Warbler) · V. superciliosa (Crescent-Chested Warbler) · V. virginiae (Virginia's Warbler)

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 18.
• A faunal investigation of Long Point and vicinity, Norfolk County, Ontario / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1931. url p. 206.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, London, Witherby & Co., 1912. url .
• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url .
• A study of the incubation periods of birds; what determines their lengths, Denver, Col., The Kendrick-Bellamy Co., 1917. url .
• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York City, for the official year. . [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932] url p. 106, p. 138, p. 22, p. 24, p. 30, p. 37, p. 39, p. 40, p. 43, p. 44, p. 48, p. 50, p. 55, p. 7, p. 71, p. 8, p. 85, p. 87.
• Animal and plant life in Oklahoma, Norman, 1917. url .
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• Annotated list of the Avery bird collection in the Alabama museum of natural history (Geological survey museum) University, Ala., 1921. url , .
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• Birds of Arkansas. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1911. url , .
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• Birds of New York / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1914. url , .
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• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. url p. 281, p. 372.
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• Check-list of North American birds. [Ithaca, N.Y.]1957. url p. 480.
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• Michigan bird life: a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation t by Walter Bradford Barrows. Lansing: Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. url p. 585.
• Migration of birds. by Frederick C. Linclon; revised by Steven R. Peterson; associate editor Peter A. Anastasi; illustrated by Bob Hines. Washington: Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service: for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. url p. 119.
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• Museum paper. University, Ala. [etc.]1910- url p. 107, p. 142.
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• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 756, p. 756.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 275, p. 275.
• P.D. Skaar's Montana bird distribution / revised by the Montana Bird Distribution Committee. [Helena, MT]:Montana Natural Heritage Program, 1996 url p. 90.
• Pamphlets on forestry in West Virginia. [1900?- url p. 103.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2008. Vermivora chrysoptera. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 4, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 06, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 12 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 06, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UCLA-Dickey Bird Collection (UCLA-Dickey): Bird specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7386
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178852
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2487430
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178852
• IUCN ID: 248509
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBX01030
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 251

Footnotes

1. Mean = 21.650 meters (71.030 feet), Standard Deviation = 189.760 based on 194,252 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2008. Vermivora chrysoptera. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 05 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.