Tringa ochropus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: Behaviour This species is fully migratory and moves overland on a broad front2 with European populations making well-documented stop-overs in Saharan oases1. Southward movements to the wintering grounds occur between June and early November, with the species being present in the north and equatorial tropics from late-August to early-April, and in southern Africa from October to March1, 2. The return passage to northern breeding grounds occurs between late-February and mid-May1, 2, where the species breeds between late April and June1. In mild winters some birds may also remain in the breeding grounds of southern Scandinavia1. The species generally occurs in low concentrations during passage and at stop-over sites, although it may occur in small scattered groups of up to 30 individuals1 in the winter, with aggregations of over 50 being unusual4. Habitat Breeding During the breeding season this species inhabits damp areas in swampy, old pine, spruce or alder woodland and montane forest with many fallen and rotten tree stumps , marshy forest floors and heavy carpets of lichens and mosses, generally in the vicinity of rivers , streams , swamps , ponds , lakes3 and bogs4. Non-breeding Outside of the breeding season this species shows a preference for a wider variety of inland freshwater habitats such as marshes, lake edges , sewage farms , small dams and ponds, ditches, riverbanks and forest streams, often near villages and cultivation1, 2 (although less often in the vicinity of woodland)1. It is also very rarely found in intertidal areas such as creeks and the channels of saltmarches1, 3. Diet The species is omnivorous , although its diet is predominantly made up of aquatic and terrestrial insects4 (e.g. dragonfly larvae, ants , waterbugs, moth larvae, and the adults and larvae of beetles, Diptera and Trichoptera), annelids , small crustaceans, spiders and fish, as well as plant fragments1. Breeding site This species frequently nests high in trees in the abandoned nests of passerine species such as Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus, thrushes Turdus spp.1, 5, crows, jays and shrikes3, but may also nest in squirrel dreys3, 4, on natural platforms up to 20 m high1, and occasionally on tree stumps or mounds of accumulated pine needles , among branches and tree roots, or amongst fallen trees on the ground3, 4. Management information Unfertilised grasslands with low cattle densities (0.5 cows per hectare ) were found to attract a higher abundance of this species in Hungary7.

[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.1     Forest - Boreal   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.6     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps, Fens , Peatlands   
  
•     5.5     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     5.8     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
  
•     15     Artificial/Aquatic & Marine   
  
•     15.2     Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha)   
  
•     15.6     Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas   
  
•     15.8     Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land   
  
•     15.9     Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Tringa

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 19 species and subspecies in this genus:

T. brevipes (Gray-Tailed Tattler) · T. cinerea (Terek Sandpiper) · T. erythropus (Spotted Redshank) · T. flavipes (Lesser Long-Legged Tattler) · T. glareola (Wood Sandpiper) · T. guttifer (NordmannÌs Greenshank) · T. hypoleucos (Common Sandpiper) · T. hypoleucos hypoleucos (Common Sandpiper) · T. incana (Wandering Tattler) · T. macularia (Spotted Sandpiper) · T. melanoleuca (Big Yellow-Legged Plover) · T. nebularia (Common Greenshank) · T. ochropus (Green Sandpiper) · T. solitaria (American Green Sandpiper) · T. solitaria cinnamomea (Solitary Sandpiper) · T. solitaria solitaria (Solitary Sandpiper) · T. stagnatilis (Marsh Sandpiper) · T. totanus (Common Sandpiper) · T. totanus totanus (Common Sandpiper)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A Floral and faunal inventory of the eastern slopes of the Réserve naturelle intégrale d'Andringitra, Madagascar: with reference to elevational variation / Steven M. Goodman, editor. 85 1996 [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, c1996. url p. 183.
• A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America / by Charles Lucian Bonaparte. London: J. Van Voorst, 1838. url p. 51.
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• A handbook to the vertebrate fauna of north Wales. London, Witherby & Co., 1919. url p. 66.
• A history of British animals: exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigeno by John Fleming. Edinburgh: Printed for Bell & Bradfute; 1828. url p. 103.
• A history of British birds by William Yarrell; illustrated by 535 wood-engravings. London: J. Van Voorst, 1845. url p. 595.
• A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology. .. By William Macgillivray. .. London, Printed for Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1837-1852 url p. 342.
• A history of British birds, with coloured illustrations of their eggs. By Henry Seebohm. .. London, Pub. for the author by R.H. Porter [etc.]1883-85. url p. 132.
• A history of British birds. By the Rev. F. O. Morris. London, Groombridge and sons, [1851-57?] url .
• A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url , p. 135.
• A manual of North American birds. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1900. url p. 166.
• A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada. By Thomas Nuttall. .. Cambridge, Hilliard and Brown, 1832-1834. url p. 157.
• A natural history of the nests and eggs of British birds. By the Rev. F.O. Morris. London, J.C. Nimmo, 1892. url p. 24.
• A reprint of the North American zoology, by George Ord. Being an exact reproduction of the part originally compiled by Mr. Ord for Johnson & Warner, and first published by them in their 2d American ed. of Guthrie's geography, in 1815. Taken Haddonsfield, N.J., Pub. by the editor, 1894. url p. 45.
• Anatomical and zoological researches: comprising an account of the zoological results of the two expeditions to western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a monograph of the two cetacean genera, Platanista and Orcella / London: B. Quaritch, 1878. url .
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• Check-list of North American birds, New York, American Ornithologists' Union, 1895. url .
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• Contributions to the natural history of the Bermudas. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1884. url p. 239.
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• Picture of organized nature, in its spreading over the earth. Translated from the German of Wilbrand & Ritgen. London, Smith, 1828. url p. 72.
• Postilla. 1962 New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, [1950?]-c2004. url p. 4, p. 4.
• Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London. [London]: Printed for the Society by Richard Taylor, [1831-1832] url p. 124, p. 124, p. 124, p. 162, p. 162, p. 162.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Tringa ochropus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Bird specimens
• Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, Upper Silesian Museum, Bird Observations

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8131
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176632
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 3085810
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176632
• IUCN ID: 247160
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4536

Footnotes

1. Mean = 28.760 meters (94.357 feet), Standard Deviation = 45.730 based on 126,134 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2009. Tringa ochropus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 05 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.