Spiza americana

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

About 1875, this species disappeared from most of its eastern range . Now seen in agricultural fields and meadows.

Vegetation: low seasonally wet grasslands, arid lowland scrubs, pastures and agricultural lands, arid lowland scrubs • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,793 meters (0 to 9,163 feet).[1]

Ecology: It is found in open and semi-open areas, especially overgrown weedy fields and tallgrass prairie. It forms huge flocks in the winter, and up to 10-30% of the global population may occur in a single roost. [2].

List of Habitats :

•     2     Savanna   
  
•     2.2     Savanna - Moist   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Mostly insects, with some seed.

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Grassland
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-5
• Length of Incubation : 12-13 days
• Days to Fledge : 9 (7-10)
• Number of Broods: 1-2

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Spiza americana (J. F. Gmelin, 1789)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Oct-2007

Similar Species

House Sparrow

Members of the genus Spiza

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2 species and subspecies in this genus:

S. americana (Black-Throated Bunting) · S. townsendi (Townsend's Bunting)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A catalogue of Canadian birds with notes on the distribution of the species / by Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B.: J. McMillan, 1887. url p. 93.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds, By Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B., J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url p. 140, p. 140, p. 93, p. 93.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds: with notes on the distribution of the species / Saint John, N.B.: J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url , .
• A catalogue of the birds of Indiana / by Amos W. Butler. S.l.: s.n., 1891? url p. 77.
• A catalogue of the birds of the Virginias / by Wm. C. Rives. Newport, R.I.: Printed for the Society by T.T. Pitman, 1890. url p. 76, p. 99.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 18.
• A contribution to the ornithology of the Orinoco region, by George K. Cherrie. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Pub. for the Brooklyn museum, 1916. url p. 184, p. 198, p. 198.
• A distributional list of the birds of Arizona / Hollywood, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1914. url , , .
• A faunal investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario / Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1941. url p. 86.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, London, Witherby & Co., 1912. url , , .
• A list of the birds of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, Govt. print. off., 1920. url .
• A list of the birds of Maine, showing their distribution by counties and their status in each county. Prepared under the auspices of the United ornithologists of Maine by Ora W. Knight. .. Augusta, Kennebec journal print, 1897. url p. 103.
• A list of the birds of Maryland / F.C. Kirkwood. Baltimore, Md., 1895. url p. 340.
• A list of the birds of Maryland, giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds; also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded. By F.C. Kirkwood. .. Baltimore: [Maryland Academy of Sciences], 1895. url p. 340, p. 340, p. 380, p. 380.
• A list of the birds of Maryland: giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds, also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded / Baltimore: Deutsch Lithographing & Print. Co.; 1895. url , .
• A list of the birds of eastern North America / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 34.
• A list of the publications of the United States National Museum (1875-1900) including the Annual reports, Proceedings, Bulletins, Special bulletins, and Circulars, with index of titles, by Randolph I. Geare. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1902. url p. 138, p. 82.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott company, 1896. url p. 452.
• A manual of North American birds. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1900. url p. 452.
• A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States: including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri river, inclusive of marine species / Chicago:A. C. McClurg, 1916. url .
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada / Boston: Little, Brown, 1921. url .
• A popular handbook of the ornithology of the United States and Canada: based on Nuttall's Manual / by Montague Chamberlain. Boston: Little, B., & Co., 1903. url p. 428.
• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url .
• A preliminary list of the birds of Wayne County, Ohio. Columbus, Westbote Co., State Printers, 1896. url p. 252, p. 316.
• A preliminary review of the birds of Nebraska, with synopses, Omaha, 1904 url , .
• A reprint of the North American zoology, by George Ord. Being an exact reproduction of the part originally compiled by Mr. Ord for Johnson & Warner, and first published by them in their 2d American ed. of Guthrie's geography, in 1815. Taken Haddonsfield, N.J., Pub. by the editor, 1894. url p. 39, p. 83.
• A revised catalogue of the birds of Kansas: with descriptive notes of the nests and eggs of the birds known to breed in the state / Pub. under the direction of the Executive Council, May, 1886. Topeka: Kansas Publishing House, 1886. url p. 46.
• A supplement to The birds of Rhode Island / by Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. and Edward Sturtevant. Middletown, R.I.: [s.n.], 1903. url p. 19.
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• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York City, for the official year. . [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932] url p. 139, p. 53, p. 54.
• American bird magazine, ornithology. Worcester, Mass.: C.K. Reed, 1903-1906. url p. 140, p. 224.
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• An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. url .
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. url p. 453.
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• Birds of New York Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14 url p. 334, p. 710.
• Birds of New York, Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14. url , .
• Birds of North Carolina, by T. Gilbert Pearson, C. S. Brimley and H. H. Brimley. Raleigh, Edwards & Broughton printing co., state printers, 1919. url p. 256.
• Birds of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., [The Daggett Printing Co.]1910. url , , .
• Birds of South Carolina, by Arthur Trezevant Wayne. With an introduction by the editor. Charleston, S.C., [The Daggett Printing Co.]1910. url p. 135, p. 225, p. 250.
• Birds of South Dakota. By William H. Over and Craig S. Thoms. Vermillion [!]: University of South Dakota, 1920 [i.e. 1921] url p. 118.
• Birds of Swope park in the heart of America, Kansas City, Mo., by Albert E. Shirling... Kansas City, Mo., McIndoo publishing company, 1920. url p. 114, p. 114, p. 65, p. 65.
• Birds of Washington and vicinity, including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard, with introduction by Florence A. Merriam. .. Washington, D. C., 1898. url p. 202, p. 202.
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• Birds of eastern Canada / Ottawa: F.A. Acland, 1922. url .
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• Birds of eastern Canada / by P.A. Taverner. Ottawa: Canada Dept. of Mines, Geological Survey, 1919. url p. 180, p. 292.
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• Birds of eastern Canada, by P.A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Taché, Printer, 1919. url p. 180, p. 292.
• Birds of eastern North America, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & Company, 1912. url .
• Birds of lakeside and prairie, by Edward B. Clark, with sixteen illustrations in color. 1901 Chicago, A.W. Mumford[1901] url index, page 147, p. 147.
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• Birds of the New York city region, by Ludlow Griscom, assistant curator of ornithology, with the cooperation of the Linnæan society of New York. .. New York, The Museum, 1923. url p. 293.
• Birds of the Rockies, by Leander S. Keyser... with eight full-page plates [four in color] by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; many illustrations in the text by Bruce Horsfall, and eight views of localities from photographs; with a c Chicago, A. C. McClurg and co., 1902. url p. 337.
• Birds of the Sierra Macarena, eastern Colombia. 44 1962 Chicago, Chicago Natural History Museum, 1962. url p. 110.
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• Birds of village and field: a bird book for beginners, by Florence A. Merriam. Illustrated. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1898. url p. 224, p. 404.
• Birds of western New York. Rochester, N.Y., The Society, 1901. url p. 48.
• Birds that eat the cotton boll weevil: a report of progress / Washington: G.P.O., 1906. url .
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• Birds; a miscellaneous collection of 37 pamphlets about birds. Collected and privately bound by Alvin Seale, 1914. v.p., 1910-1913 url p. 44, p. 63.
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• Bulletin / State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut. [Hartford]: The Survey, 1904- url p. 136, p. 191, p. 368.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey. Washington: G.P.O., 1904-1907. url p. 18, p. 30.
• Bulletin of the Bird Club of Princeton University. Princeton, N.J.: The Club, 1901. url , p. 27, p. 67.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 172.
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• Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- url p. 141.
• California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 131.
• Cassinia. Philadelphia: Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, 1901- url p. 49, p. 72, p. 75, p. 88.
• Catalogue of Canadian birds / by John Macoun and James M. Macoun. Ottawa: Canada Dept. of Mines, Geological Survey Branch, 1909. url p. 562.
• Catalogue of Canadian birds, Ottawa, Government Printing Bureau, 1909. url .
• Catalogue of Canadian birds, by John Macoun. .. and James M. Macoun. .. Ottawa, Government printing bureau, 1909. url p. 562.
• Catalogue of Canadian birds. .. Ottawa, Printed by S. E. Dawson, 1900-04. url .
• Catalogue of a collection of birds from Costa Rica, by John Farwell Ferry. 1 1910 Chicago, 1910. url p. 280.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. 13 1938 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1938. url p. 129, p. 646.
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• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. url p. 260.
• Catalogue of the collection of birds' eggs in the British Museum (Natural History) London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1901-12. url p. 260.
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• The birds of Ontario; being a concise account of every species of bird known to have been found in Ontario with a description of their nests and eggs and instructions for collecting birds and preparing and preserving skins By Thomas McIlwraith. London, T. F. Unwin, 1894. url p. 333.
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• The butterflies of the eastern United States and Canada: with special reference to New England / By Samuel Hubbard Scudder. Cambridge: The author, 1889. url p. 1953, p. 570.
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• Wildbirds of New York / by Chester A. Reed. Mohonk Lake, N.Y.: Mohonk Salesrooms, c1912. url p. 51.
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• Zoological series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892-1912. url p. 461, p. 483.
• Zoology of Colorado, by Theodore D.A. Cockerell. .. Boulder, Col., University of Colorado, 1927. url p. 89.
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• [Forestry reports] Washington, 1893-1910 url .

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2004. Spiza americana. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• BirdLife International 2009. Spiza americana. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 13, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 13, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• UCLA-Dickey Bird Collection (UCLA-Dickey): Bird specimens
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7918
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179165
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2482044
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179165
• IUCN ID: 243375
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBX65010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13642

Footnotes

1. Mean = 231.450 meters (759.350 feet), Standard Deviation = 271.700 based on 7,074 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2009. Spiza americana. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.