Sorex fumeus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The Southeastern Shrew prefers floodplain forests and the borders of swamps . It has also been found in dry upland locations, including fields and pastures. The other four shrews in this genus live in the cool, moist coniferous , hardwood , or mixed forests of the Blue Ridge Mountains. These forests are characterized by heavy leaf litter and moss-covered stumps , rocks, and logs .

Ecology: The smoky shrew is most abundant in damp wooded areas, both in conifer and hardwood habitats . Nest sites are beneath stumps , rotted logs , or rocks (Whitaker, in Wilson and Ruff 1999). Breeding season begins March to August and gestation lasts three weeks. Litter size is two to eight, with an average of five. Up to three litters may be produced each year. Unlike many shrews, this one reaches sexual maturity after its first winter. Diet consists mainly of insects and earthworms; also other inverts. Some small vertebrates and vegetative material may be occasional items. It is active throughout the day and night. [1].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

All members of the Genus Sorex feed on insects and other invertebrates .

Reproduction

These shrews breed and bear young from March - October and produce 2 - 3 litters per year. The average is 4 - 5 young per litter. The average gestation period is 20 days. Young are sexually mature in a few months.

Behavior

These shrews are active both night and day throughout the year. They either make their own burrows or use the burrows and runways of moles and rodents under leaf litter and other vegetation. Predators include hawks, owls, snakes , and small carnivores .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Sorex fumeus G. M. Miller, 1895

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 28-Nov-2006

Similar Species

Shrews of the Genus Sorex are distinguished from other southeastern shrews by their tails, which are more than half the length of their head and body.

Members of the genus Sorex

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 120 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

S. alaskanus (Glacier Bay Water Shrew) · S. alpinus (Alpine Shrew) · S. antinorii (VALAIS SHREW) · S. araneus (European Shrew) · S. araneus araneus (European Shrew) · S. arcticus (Black-Backed Shrew) · S. arcticus arcticus (Black-Backed Shrew) · S. arizonae (Arizona Shrew) · S. arunchi (UDINE SHREW) · S. asper (Tien Shan Shrew) · S. averini (Dneper Common Shrew) · S. bairdi (Baird's Shrew) · S. bairdii (Baird's Shrew) · S. bedfordiae (Lesser Stripe-Backed Shrew) · S. bendirii (Bendire's Water Shrew) · S. bendirii bendirii (Bendire's Water Shrew) · S. buchariensis (Buchara Shrew) · S. caecutiens (Laxmann's Shrew) · S. camtschatica (Kamchatcka Shrew) · S. cansulus (Gansu Shrew) · S. cinereus (Long-Tailed Shrews) · S. cinereus nigriculus (Tuckahoe Masked Shrew) · S. cinereus streatori (Cinereus Shrew) · S. coronatus (Or Jersey Shrew) · S. cylindricauda (Greater Stripe-Backed Shrew) · S. daphaenodon (Siberian Large-Toothed Shrew) · S. daphaenodon daphaenodon (Siberian Large-Toothed Shrew) · S. dispar (Long-Tailed Or Rock Shrew) · S. dispar blitchi (Long-Tailed Or Rock Shrew) · S. dispar dispar (Long-Tailed Shrew) · S. emarginatus (Jackson's Shrew) · S. excelsus (Highland Shrew) · S. fumeus (Long-Tailed Shrews) · S. fumeus fumeus (Smokey Shrew) · S. gaspensis (Gaspé Shrew) · S. gracillimus (Slender Shrew) · S. granarius (Lagranja Shrew) · S. haydeni (Hayden's Shrew) · S. hosonoi (Azumi Shrew) · S. hoyi (American Pygmy Shrew) · S. hoyi hoyi (American Pygmy Shrew) · S. hoyi montanus (Pygmy Shrew) · S. hoyi thompsoni (Northeastern Pygmy Shrew) · S. hoyi winnemana (Southern Pygmy Shrew) · S. hydrodromus (Pribilof Island Shrew) · S. isodon (Equal-Toothed Shrew) · S. ixtlanensis (Ixtlan Shrew) · S. jacksoni (Saint Lawrence Island Shrew) · S. kozlovi (Kozlov's Shrew) · S. leucogaster (Paramushir Island Shrew) · S. longirostris (Dismal Swamp Southeastern Shrew) · S. longirostris eionis (Homossassa Shrew) · S. longirostris fisheri (Dismal Swamp Southeastern Shrew) · S. longirostris longirostris (Southeastern Shrew) · S. lyelli (Mount Lyell Shrew) · S. macrodon (Mexican Large-Toothed Shrew) · S. maritimensis (Maritime Shrew) · S. mediopua (Jalisco Shrew) · S. merriami (Merriam's Shrew) · S. merriami leucogenys (Merriam's Shrew) · S. milleri (Carmen Mountains Shrew) · S. minutissimus (Least Siberian Shrew) · S. minutus (Eurasian Pygmy Shrew) · S. mirabilis (Ussuri Shrew) · S. monticolus (Montane Shrew) · S. monticolus malitiosus (Warren Island Dusky Shrew) · S. monticolus monticolus (Montane Shrew) · S. monticolus neomexicanus (Montane Shrew) · S. nanus (Rocky Mountain Dwarf Shrew) · S. neomexicanus (Long-Tailed Shrews) · S. oreopolus (Mexican Long-Tailed Shrew) · S. orizabae (Orizaba Long-Tailed Shrew) · S. ornatus (Suisun Shrew) · S. ornatus ornatus (Ornate Shrew) · S. ornatus relictus (Buena Vista Lake Ornate Shrew) · S. ornatus salarius (Monterey Ornate Shrew) · S. ornatus salicornicus (Salt Marsh Ornate Shrew) · S. ornatus sinuosus (Suisun Shrew) · S. ornatus willetti (Santa Catalina Shrew) · S. pacificus (Pacific Shrew) · S. pacificus pacificus (Pacific Shrew) · S. palustris (Northern Water Shrew) · S. palustris albibarbis (American Water Shrew) · S. palustris brooksi (Vancouver Island Water Shrew) · S. palustris palustris (Northern Water Shrew) · S. palustris punctulatus (American Water Shrew) · S. planiceps (Kashmir Pygmy Shrew) · S. portenkoi (Portenko's Shrew) · S. preblei (Preble's Shrew) · S. pribilofensis (Pribilof Island Shrew) · S. raddei (Radde's Shrew) · S. roboratus (Flat-Skulled Shrew) · S. rohweri (Olympic Shrew) · S. sadonis (Sado Shrew) · S. samniticus (Appenine Shrew) · S. satunini (Caucasian Shrew) · S. saussurei (Saussure's Shrew) · S. saussurei saussurei (Saussure's Shrew) · S. sclateri (Sclater's Shrew) · S. shinto (Sado Shrew)

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Further Reading

• A Taxonomic review of American long-tailed shrews (genera Sorex and Microsorex) By Hartley H. T. Jackson. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1928. url , , , p. 225, p. 234, p. 25, p. 28, p. 60, p. 62, p. 63, p. 65, p. 66.
• A catalogue of the collection of mammals in the Field Columbian Museum. 1907 8 Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1907. url p. 467, p. 468, p. 653.
• A check list of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas. Chicago, 1905. url p. 447, p. 447.
• A faunal investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario / Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1941. url p. 13.
• A faunal investigation of the Sault Ste. Marie region, Ontario / [Toronto]: Royal Ontario Museum, 1942. url p. 106.
• A faunal investigation of western Rainy River District, Ontario / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1938. url p. 166.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen Manchester, N.H., Nature press, 1903. url p. 218.
• A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States: including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri river, inclusive of marine species / Chicago:A. C. McClurg, 1916. url .
• Allegany County. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1900. url p. 293.
• American animals; a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species, by Witmer Stone and William Everett Cram. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1922 [c1902] url p. 186.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. url p. 463.
• Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum: including a list of the specimens received during the year: financial report, with a report of the mammals of New Jersey and a supplement to former reports, 1907. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, 1908. url p. 87, p. 88.
• Annual report of the Regents / Albany: J.B. Lyon, State Printer, 1890-1903. url p. 145, p. 75.
• Biltmore lectures on sylviculture / by C. A. Schenck. Albany, N.Y.: Brandow Printing Co., 1907. url p. 8.
• Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 145, p. 274, p. 280, p. 283, p. 357, p. 75.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 13, p. 14, p. 15, p. 19, p. 855.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. St. John, N. B., Natural History Society of New Brunswick. url p. 53.
• Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society. Milwaukee, The Society, [1900-1920] url p. 29.
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url p. 16.
• Key to the land mammals of northeastern North America, Albany, University of the State of New York, 1900. url , .
• List of North American land mammals in the United States National Museum, 1911; by Gerrit S. Miller, jr. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1912. url p. 13, p. 14.
• List of mammals obtained by Thaddeus Surber, collector for the Museum, in the provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec, Canada, by D. G. Elliot. 3 1901 Chicago, 1901. url p. 28.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1957 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 4.
• Name that animal; a guide to the identification of the common land and fresh-water animals of the United States, with special reference to the area east of the Rockies. With drawings by Olive Driver. Northampton? Mass., 1950 url p. 494.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 405, p. 405.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url , , p. 10, p. 188, p. 21, p. 220, p. 234, p. 238, p. 24, p. 25, p. 25, p. 60, p. 62, p. 63, p. 65, p. 66, p. 88.
• Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas. 1981 Lawrence, Kan.: The University, 1971-1994. url fig. 12, page 16, fig. 15, page 18, p. 25, p. 28, p. 33, p. 35, p. 39, p. 42, p. 43, p. 9.
• Pamphlets on forestry in Maryland. [1900?- url p. 293.
• Pamphlets on forestry in West Virginia. [1900?- url p. 115, p. 76, p. 82.
• Physiological mammalogy. Edited by William V. Mayer and Richard G. Van Gelder. New York, Academic Press, 1963- url p. 246, p. 363, p. 378.
• Preliminary list of the mammals of New York / Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1899. url p. 274, p. 280, p. 357.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 203, p. 203, p. 223, p. 223, p. 33, p. 33.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 134, p. 134, p. 149, p. 162, p. 66, p. 66.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 185, p. 639.
• Proceedings of the Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences. Manchester, N.H.: The Institute, 1900-1911. url p. 218, p. 47.
• Proceedings of the New England Zoo?logical Club. [Cambridge, Mass.]: The Club, 1899- url p. 16.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 251, p. 354, p. 355, p. 377, p. 380, p. 381, p. 446, p. 599.
• Publication. Field Columbian Museum. Chicago, U.S.A.: The Museum, 1895-1909. url p. 447.
• Publication. Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago, U.S.A.: The Museum, 1910-1943. url p. 35, p. 410, p. 415, p. 418, p. 500.
• Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 616.
• Sex and internal secretions. Contributors: A. Albert [and others] Foreword by George W. Corner. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1961. url p. 956.
• Systematic results of the study of North American land mammals to the close of the year 1900, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., and James A. G. Rehn. Boston, Society of Natural History, 1901. url p. 237, p. 237.
• Systematics and biology of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis Urbana, University of Illinois Press[1972] url p. 117, p. 63, p. 69.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 612.
• The Auk. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union, etc., 1884- url p. 131.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. 55 1941 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url , prince , wright , p. 103, p. 109, p. 11, p. 112, p. 13, p. 142, p. 156, p. 156, p. 158, p. 16, p. 166, p. 166, p. 183, p. 183, p. 191, p. 193, p. 194, p. 195, p. 196, p. 204, p. 224, p. 26, p. 320, p. 363, p. 386, p. 393, p. 405, p. 42, p. 46, p. 460, p. 461, p. 513, p. 515, p. 517, p. 525, p. 595, p. 615, p. 62, p. 62, p. 63, p. 63, p. 665, p. 671, p. 70, p. 72, p. 73, p. 731.
• The Nautilus. Melbourne, Fla., etc., American Malacologists, inc., etc. url p. 93.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url , p. 228, p. 228, p. 236, p. 236.
• The mammals of Illinois and Wisconsin, by Charles B. Cory. .. Chicago, 1912. url p. 35, p. 35, p. 408, p. 408, p. 410, p. 410, p. 415, p. 415, p. 418, p. 418, p. 500, p. 500.
• The mammals of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. A biographic, historic and descriptive account of the furred animals of land and sea, both living and extinct, known to have existed in these states. .. Philadelphia, Privately published, 1903. url .
• The mammals of Pennsylvania: with a discussion of the biology of mammals in general, including keys to the orders and families, and with detailed accounts of all species indigenous to Pennsylvania / by Samuel Howard Williams. Pittsburgh: [s.n.], 1928. url p. 73.
• The native mammals of Rhode Island. Newport: The Society, 1900 url p. 4.
• The vertebrates of the Cayuga Lake basin, N. Y., n.p., 1909? url , .
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 144, p. 171, p. 179, p. 217, p. 46, p. 47, p. 87, p. 89, p. 90, p. 90, p. 95.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 19 1970 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url fig. 5, page 217, p. 29, p. 516, p. 61, p. 637.
• [Collected reprints, 1912-1919. s.l., s.n., 19--] url , , , , , .

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.
• Hammerson, G., Master, L. & Norris, S.J. 2008. Sorex fumeus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Insectivore Specialist Group 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 20, 2008.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• Burke Museum: Mammal Specimens
• Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science: Mammal specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Texas Tech University (TTU): Mammal specimens
• Royal Ontario Museum: Mammal specimens
• Sternberg Museum of Natural History: Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection
• University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History: Mammal specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 107066
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-710045
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179943
• IUCN ID: 242932
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMABA01180
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 703

Footnotes

1. Hammerson, G., Master, L. & Norris, S.J. 2008. Sorex fumeus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.