Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Great Basin spotted frog, columbia spotted frog
Description
Physical Description
Species Rana luteiventris
May be tan, gray, brown, reddish-brown or red above with irregular-shaped
black spots
with indistinct edges
and light centers. They have upturned
eyes, relatively short hind legs
and extensive webbing between the
toes of the hind feet. Females reach sizes of up to 4 inches in snout-ventor
length
and become larger than males which reach up to 3 inches in
length. They have a light stripe
on the lower jaw and dorsolateral
folds or ridges
are usually present.
The undersides are usually cream colored
, but the lower abdomen and
the undersides of the hind legs are usually colored by a reddish-orange
or salmon-colored pigment. However, in some populations of the Columbia
Spotted Frog
in Nevada, Utah, Idaho south of the Salmon River
and
southeast Oregon (but not in the Blitzen River or its tributaries)
the underside tends to be yellow.
Tadpoles
: iris with iridophores in life; lower jaw sheath
narrow
to medium; length of one part of A-2/width ca.
0.2; P-2/P-3 1.5;
P-1 with medial
gap
; midventral marginal
papillae small; submarginal
papillae few to absent; dorsal fin originates near tail-body junction
and forms moderate arch; white lip line
absent; general coloration
uniform
dark to gray.
Habitat
Ecology:
It is highly aquatic
; rarely found far from permanent quiet water;
usually occurs at the grassy/sedgy margins
of streams
, lakes
, ponds
,
springs
, and marshes (Hodge 1976, Licht 1986). Animals may disperse
into forest
, grassland, and brush
land
during wet weather. Breeds
usually in shallow water in ponds or other quiet waters. See Munger
et al.
(1998) for quantitative information on habitat
in
southwestern Idaho.[1].
List of Habitats:
- 1 Forest
- 1.4 Forest - Temperate
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate
- 4 Grassland
- 4.4 Grassland - Temperate
- 5 Wetlands (inland)
- 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )
- 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands
- 5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
- 5.7 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
- 5.9 Wetlands (inland) - Freshwater Springs and Oases [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
)
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Amphibia
(
)
- Gray, 1825
- Subclass:
Lissamphibia
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Infraclass:
Lissamphibia
(
)
- Order:
Anura
(
)
- (Fischer von Waldheim, 1813) Gray, 1825
- Suborder:
Neobatrachia
(
)
- Reig, 1958
- Suborder:
Neobatrachia
(
- Order:
Anura
(
- Infraclass:
Lissamphibia
(
- Subclass:
Lissamphibia
(
- Class:
Amphibia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Rana luteiventris Thompson, 1913
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 01-Sep-2009
Green, Kaiser, Sharbel, Kearsley and McAllister (1997) recognized
Rana luteiventris as a distinct
species from Rana pretiosa. (Ref.
303000).
Similar Species
The Columbia Spotted Frog and the Oregon Spotted Frog were long regarded
as the same species (the Spotted Frog, Rana pretiosa). Earlier studies
suggested that there was sufficient regional variation to warrant
divided populations among two subspecies. More extensive data has
shown , however, that these morphological differences were not consistent
and the subspecies designations were abandoned. Since then, however,
studies looking at genetic differences between populations found
sufficiently large differences to conclude that Rana pretiosa consisted
of at least two cryptic species, now called R.
luteiventris and R.
pretiosa, with distributions as shown in the range map (see
Green et al. 1997 for more details). Although the two species can
not be reliably distinguished by morpholology, the two species have
allopatric (non-overlapping) ranges, so they may be reliably identified
based upon the location where a frog is found.
The range map also shows the historical ranges where the Oregon Spotted
Frog has not been found for quite some time and is thought to have
been extirpated. If you do find an Oregon Spotted Frog in these areas
report it a state herpetologist. Possible reasons for this decline
are the introduction of the American Bullfrog, which preys on smaller
frogs, and general habitat alteration and loss through intensified
agriculture, grazing and urbanization. The range shown in the map
follows Green et al. (1997).
Members of the genus Rana
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 132 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
R. adenopleura (Olive Frog) · R. amurensis (Siberian Wood Frog) · R. andersonii (Yunnan Odorous Frog) · R. areolata (Northern Crawfish Frog) · R. areolata aesopus (Crawfish Frog) · R. areolata areolata (Southern Crawfish Frog) · R. areolata circulosa (Northern Crawfish Frog) · R. arfaki (Arfak Mountains Frog) · R. arvalis (Altai Brown Frog (Altai Mountains Populations)) · R. asiatica (Central Asiatic Frog) · R. asperata (Yangambi Butterbarbel) · R. aurantiaca (Golden Frog) · R. aurora (California Red-Legged Frog) · R. aurora aurora (Northern Red-Legged Frog) · R. aurora draytonii (California Red-Legged Frog) · R. baramica (Baram River Frog) · R. bergeri (Italian Poolfrog) · R. berlandieri (Rio Grande Leopard Frog) · R. blairi (Plains Leopard Frog) · R. boylii (Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog) · R. boylii boylii (Foothill Yellow Legged Frog) · R. brownorum (Brown's Leopard Frog) · R. bwana (Rio Chipillico Frog) · R. camerani (Iranian Long-Legged Frog) · R. capito (Carolina Gopher Frog) · R. capito aesopus (Florida Gopher Frog) · R. capito capito (Carolina Gopher Frog) · R. capito sevosa (Dusky Gopher Frog) · R. cascadae (Cascades Frog) · R. catesbeiana (North American Bullfrog) · R. chalconota (Schlegel's Java Frog) · R. chapaensis (Chapa Frog) · R. chensinensis (Asiatic Grass Frog) · R. chiricahuensis (Chiricahua Leopard Frog) · R. clamitans (Bronze Frog) · R. clamitans clamitans (Bronze Frog) · R. clamitans melanota (Northern Green Frog) · R. cubitalis (Siam Frog) · R. daemeli (Australian Wood Frog) · R. dalmatina (Agile Frog) · R. draytonii (California Red-Legged Frog) · R. dunni (Patzcuaro Frog) · R. dybowskii (Dybowski's Frog) · R. emelijanovi (Imeinpo Station Frog) · R. esculenta (Edible Frog) · R. fasciata (Tanganyika Striped Grass Frog) · R. fisheri (Las Vegas Leopard Frog) · R. forreri (Forrer's Grass Frog) · R. galamensis (Galam White-Lipped Frog) · R. glandulosa (Sarawak Frog) · R. graeca (Greek Stream Frog) · R. grylio (Pig Frog) · R. heckscheri (River Frog) · R. hecksheri (River Frog) · R. hejiangensis (Hejiang Frog) · R. holsti (Holst's Frog) · R. holtzi (Taurus Frog) · R. hosii (Mount Dulit Frog) · R. iberica (Iberian Frog) · R. ishikawae (Ishikawa's Frog) · R. italica (Italian Stream Frog) · R. japonica (Japanese Brown Frog) · R. johnsi (John's Groove-Toed Frog) · R. juliani (Maya Mountains Frog) · R. latastei (Italian Agile Frog) · R. lessonae (Pool Frog) · R. livida (Green Cascade Frog) · R. luteiventris (Great Basin Spotted Frog) · R. macrocnemis (Iranian Long-Legged Frog) · R. macroglossa (Guatemala Plateau Frog) · R. maculata (Highland Frog) · R. magnaocularis (Northwest Mexico Leopard Frog) · R. malabarica (Fungoid Frog) · R. maosonensis (Mo-Son Frog) · R. melanomenta (Sulu Frog) · R. montezumae (Montezuma Leopard Frog) · R. muscosa (Southern Mountain Yellow-Legged Frog) · R. narina (Ryukyu Island Frog) · R. neovolcanica (Transverse Volcanic Leopard Frog) · R. nicobariensis (Nicobar Island Frog) · R. nigromaculata (Black-Spotted Pond Frog) · R. nigromaculata nigromaculata (Black-Spotted Pond Frog) · R. nigrovittata (Black-Striped Frog) · R. okaloosae (Florida Bog Frog) · R. okaloossae (Florida Bog Frog) · R. omiltemana (Guerreran Leopard Frog) · R. onca (Relict Leopard Frog) · R. ornativentris (Montane Brown Frog) · R. palmipes (Amazon River Frog) · R. palustris (Pickerel Frog) · R. perezi (Perez's Frog) · R. pipiens (Northern Leopard Frog) · R. pipiens pipiens (Northern Leopard Frog) · R. pleuraden (Yunkwei Plateau Frog) · R. pretiosa (Oregon Spotted Frog) · R. pustulosa (Cascade Frog) · R. pyrenaica (Pyrenean Frog) · R. raniceps (Peters' Malaysian Frog) · R. ridibunda (European Green Frog) · R. rugosa (Wrinkled Frog)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Amphibian and reptile inventory on the Headwaters and Dillon Resources Areas in conjunction with Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program; c1998. url , , , , , , , , .
- Amphibian and reptile survey of the Bureau of Land Management Miles City District, Montana / submitted by Paul Hendricks; a report to Bureau of Land Management Miles City Field Office and Billings Field Office. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program; c1999. url .
- Amphibian and reptile survey on the Bureau of Land Management Lewistown District: 1995-1998 / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program; c1998. url , , , , , , , , , , , , .
- Draft programmatic environmental assessment for candidate conservation agreement with assurances and associated permit for fluvial Arctic grayling in the upper Big Hole River, Montana. Helena, Mont.: Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 2005 url .
- Ecological inventory of wetland sites in the Thompson-Fisher conservation easement / Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2002. url , .
- Ecologically significant wetlands in the Missouri headwaters: Jefferson, lower Madison, lower Gallatin, and upper Red Rock River watersheds / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2004. url .
- Inventory of plants, plant communities and herpetofauna of concern in the vicinity of the Snow-Talon burn, Helena National Forest / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2005. url , , , .
- Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge bullfrog and painted turtle investigations: 1997 / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program; c1998. url .
- Potential wildlife-highway interactions at select mile-markers along Montana Department of Transportation routes an ArcView GIS analysis / Bozeman, Mont.: Fish and Wildlife Management Program, Montana State University, 2001 url .
- Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 222.
- The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 100, p. 291, p. 537, p. 640, p. 655, p. 87, p. 88.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
- Geoffrey Hammerson 2004. Rana luteiventris. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
- Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Amphibian and Reptile Collection - Anura
- EMAN Provider: FrogWatch Canada
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
- University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum of the North Amphibian and Reptile Collection
- University of Alberta: University of Alberta Herpetology Collection
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 26104
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-550546
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 550546
- IUCN ID: 238809
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AAABH01291
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1644
Footnotes
- Geoffrey Hammerson 2004. Rana luteiventris. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
