Pelecanus crispus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 307 meters (1,007 feet).[1]

Ecology: Behaviour This species is dispersive in Europe, and migratory in Asia14. It starts to breed in late March or April14, sometimes solitarily but usually in dense colonies of up to 250 pairs14,16. Adults form monogamous pair bonds7. It departs from the colonies between the end of July and September, although a few remain until November15. It is gregarious during the winter, often occurring in large flocks and foraging communally and cooperatively in small groups16, although occasionally singly16. The birds return to their breeding sites in late-January to April, depending on the region15.Immature birds and non-breeders may remain in the wintering grounds year round15, or may stay with the breeding colonies16. They are often nomadic, especially in the Caspian Sea15. Habitat It occurs mainly at inland, freshwater wetlands but also at coastal lagoons , river deltas and estuaries2,7,8,14. Breeding It breeds on small islands in freshwater lakes14 or in dense aquatic vegetation14 such as reedbeds of Typha and Phragmites1,8,9,14 , often in hilly terrain15. A few breed in Mediterranean coastal lagoons8,15. The species makes use of habitats surrounding its breeding sites, including nearby islands and wetlands15. Non-breeding On migration, large lakes form important stop-over sites15. It typically winters on jheels and lagoons in India, and ice-free lakes in Europe14. It sometimes fishes inshore along sheltered coasts14. Diet It feeds almost entirely on fish, especially carp Cyprinus carpio, perch Perca fluviatilis, rudd scardinius erythrophthalmus, roach Rutilus rutilus, and pike Esox lucius in freshwater wetlands14, and eels, mullet, gobies and shrimps in brackish waters1,8. In its winter quarters on the Nile it takes mostly Siluridae15. In the Mikri Prespa breeding colony in Greece it feeds predominantly on the endemic fish species Chalcalburnus belvica18. Breeding site Most nests are situated amongst aquatic vegetation on floating or stationary islands isolated from the mainland to avoid mammalian predators1, 8, 9. They are occasionally built on open ground5,6,15. Nests usually consist of a pile of reeds, grass and sticks approximately 1m high and 0.5-1.5m in diameter14,15. It often tramples the vegetation between nests, and does not tend to nest in areas where such activities would generate deep mud15. The trampling activity damages the islands and therefore limits the number of years for which an island can be used for breeding17. On average sites in Greece were found to be used for three years in succession17. Artificial islands have proved successful as breeding sites in the past9[2].

List of Habitats:

• 5 Wetlands (inland)
• 5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
• 5.13 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Inland Deltas
• 9 Marine Neritic
• 9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
• 13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal
• 13.4 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
• 13.5 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Freshwater Lakes

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pelecanus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 16 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. conspicillatus (Australasian Pelican) · P. crispus (Dalamatian Pelican) · P. erythrorhynchos (American White Pelecan) · P. novaezealandiae (New Zealand Pelican) · P. occidentalis (American Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis californicus (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis carolinensis (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis occidentalis (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis thagus (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis urinator (Brown Pelican) · P. onocrotalus (Eastern White Pelican) · P. philippensis (Spot-Billed Pelican) · P. philippensis philippensis (Spot-Billed Pelican) · P. roseus (Rosy Pelican) · P. rufescens (Pink-Backed Pelican) · P. thagus (Chilean Brown Pelican)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1993 url p. 36.
• A List of British birds / London: John Van Voorst, 1883. url .
• A List of birds' eggs in the collection of Mr. William Stoate, Wembdon, Bridgewater. [188-?] url p. 46.
• A catalogue of British fossil vertebrata / by Arthur Smith Woodward and Charles Davies Sherborn. London: Dulau & co., 1890. url p. 310.
• A catalogue of the birds of Norfolk / by J.H. Gurney, Jun. London: Printed by Wertheimer, Lea and Co., 1884. url p. 40.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker. .. Charles S. Roy. .. and Robert W. Shufeldt. .. London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. url p. 702, p. 702, p. 702.
• A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America / by Charles Lucian Bonaparte. London: J. Van Voorst, 1838. url p. 60.
• A glossary of Greek birds, by D'Arcy Wentworth Thomoson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1895. url p. 134.
• A hand-list of genera and species of birds of the Indian empire, by E. C. Stuart Baker. .. Bombay, Printed by order of the committee of the Bombay natural history society[1923] url p. 227.
• A handbook of European birds for the use of field naturalists and collectors. By James Backhouse. London, Gurney and Jackson, 1890. url p. 178, p. 328.
• A handbook to the birds of Egypt, by G.E. Shelley. London: John Van Voorst, 1872. url p. 293, p. 337, p. 63.
• A history of British mammals / London: Gurney and Jackson, 1910-[1921]. url .
• A history of the birds of Europe, not observed in the British Isles / by C. R. Bree. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1875-1876. url p. 130, p. 133, p. 134, p. 167.
• A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url , , p. 195, p. 196, p. 197, p. 199, p. 202, p. 203, p. 414.
• A list of European birds, including all those found in the western palaearctic area, with a supplement containing species said to have occurred, but which, for various reasons, are inadmissible. London, R.H. Porter, 1898. url p. 40.
• A list of European birds: including all species found in the western palaearctic region: the nomenclature carefully revised / by Henry E. Dresser. London: H.E. Dresser, 1881. url p. 26.
• A manual of palæarctic birds, by H. E. Dresser. London, The author, 1902-03. url p. 563.
• A revised catalogue of the birds of China and its islands, with descriptions of new species, references to former notes, and occasional remarks. By Robert Swinhoe. London, 1871 url p. 84.
• An environmental profile of the Black Sea Coast WCMC url p. 13, p. 16, p. 22, p. 23, p. 25, p. 31, p. 32, p. 54.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 149, p. 149, p. 93, p. 93.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 1094, p. 120, p. 126, p. 147, p. 148.
• Bibliographia zoologiæ et geologiæ. A general catalogue of all books, tracts, and memoirs on zoology and geology. London, Ray society, 1848-54. url .
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 234, p. 239, p. 244, p. 326, p. 411, p. 79.
• Bird-hunting through wild Europe / New York: D. Appleton, 1909. url , , , , , , , , , .
• Birds / by A.H. Evans. London: Macmillan, 1899 (1909 printing). url p. 619, p. 83, p. 84.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. url p. 626.
• Birds of the Colorado valley. .. scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology. Washington, Gov't print. off., 1878. url p. 626.
• Birds. By Eugene W. Oates. London: Taylor and Francis; [etc., etc.], 1889-98. url p. 331, p. 333, p. 335.
• Birds. London, Taylor and Francis, 1889-1898. url .
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 413.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1950-1977. url p. 58, p. 318.
• Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. London: The Club, 1893- url p. 116, p. 118, p. 23.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 109 1953 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 316, p. 34.
• Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories / Department of the Interior. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1874- url p. 982, p. 983.
• Cassell's book of birds: From the text of Dr. Brehm / London, Cassell, Petter and Galpin, [1875?] url p. 239, p. 310.
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 298.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 298.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. url p. 460, p. 468, p. 471.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. url p. 217.
• Catalogue of the collection of birds' eggs in the British museum (Natural history). London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1901-12. url p. 217.
• Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 190, p. 80.
• Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 139, p. 196, p. 51.
• Checklist of CITES Species and Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES Secretariat, UNEP-WCMC url p. 22, p. 38, p. 6.
• Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 187.
• Checklist of birds listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 238, p. 262, p. 3.
• Checklists for the CORINE Biotopes Programme and its application in the PHARE countries of Central and East Europe: including comparisons with relevant conventions and agreements on the conservation of European species and habitats EC url p. 148, p. 150, p. 34, p. 35, p. 99.
• Current bibliography for aquatic sciences and fisheries. London, Taylor & Francis ltd. url p. 849.
• Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 262, p. 263, p. 264, p. 266, p. 268, p. 272, p. 273, p. 275, p. 313, p. 315, p. 321, p. 323, p. 328, p. 333, p. 335, p. 512, p. 631, p. 638, p. 641, p. 71, p. 73, p. 75, p. 750, p. 773.
• Early annals of ornithology, London, H. F. & G. Witherby, 1921. url .
• Egyptian birds for the most part seen in the Nile valley, London, A. and C. Black, 1909. url .
• Egyptian birds: for the most part seen in the Nile Valley / by Charles Whymper. London: A. and C. Black, 1909. url p. 215.
• GIS Assessment of the Status of Protected Areas in East Asia UNEP-WCMC url p. 60.
• Game, shore, and water birds of India, with additional references to their allied species in other parts of the world. London, W. Thacker, 1904. url .
• Genera avium / Brussels: V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, 1905-1914. url p. 2, p. 3.
• Guide to the birds of Europe and North Africa. With a biographical memoir by William Eagle Clarke. London, Gurney and Jackson, 1923. url p. 238.
• Handbook to The birds of Australia. By John Gould. LondonPub. by the author, 1865. url p. 486.
• Handbook to the birds of the Bombay presidency, by Lieut. H. Edwin Barnes. .. Calcutta, The Calcutta Central Press, 1885. url , p. 436, p. 436.
• Handbook to the natural history of Cambridgeshire, ed. by J.E. Marr. .. and A.E. Shipley. .. Cambridge, University press, 1904. url p. 75.
• Handbuch der Biologie der Wirbeltiere. Von Dr. M. Hilzheimer. unter Mitwirkung von Dr. Phil. O. Haempel. mikt 599 Textabbildungen. vii, 756 p.illus (part col.)26 cm. url p. 499.
• Handlist of the birds of Egypt by M.J. Nicoll. Cairo, Government Press, 1919. url p. 61.
• IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas IUCN url p. 124, p. 290.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. url , , p. 111, p. 161, p. 167, p. 178, p. 178, p. 182, p. 216, p. 235, p. 303, p. 309, p. 32, p. 335, p. 347, p. 353, p. 354, p. 355, p. 36, p. 37, p. 387, p. 398, p. 430, p. 439, p. 453, p. 472, p. 484, p. 486, p. 496, p. 502, p. 553, p. 562, p. 577, p. 594, p. 605, p. 621, p. 624, p. 63, p. 630, p. 640, p. 640, p. 658, p. 68, p. 733.
• Iconographic encyclopaedia of science, literature, and art. systematically arranged by J.G. Heck. Translated from the German, with additions, and edited by Spencer F. Baird. .. illustrated by five hundred steel plates, containing upwards to twelve thousand en New York, R. Garrigue, 1851. url p. 16.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. LondonPublished for the International Council by the Royal Society of London1901-1920 url p. 41.
• Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. url p. 702.
• Jottings about birds / by Charles Dixon. London: Chapman and Hall, 1893. url p. 35.
• List of the birds of India. 78 p.24 cm. url p. 44, p. 70.
• List of the vertebrated animals living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. London: Printed for the Society, 1862. url p. 87.
• List of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. London: Printed for the Society, 1896. url p. 409, p. 409.
• List of vertebrated animals living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. .. London, Printed for the Society, 1866. url p. 178.
• Lord Lilford on birds: being a collection of informal and unpublished writings by the late president of the British Ornithologists' Union. With contributed papers upon falconry and otter hunting, his favourite sports. Edited by Aubyn Trevor-Battye and illustrated by Archibald Thorburn. London, Hutchinson, 1903. url p. 153.
• Marine turtles in Baluchistan: report on a aerial survey, 9-11 September 1988 with notes on wetland sites and a proposed marine turtle conservation project WCMC url p. 13.
• Nature. London, etc., Macmillan Journals Ltd., etc. url p. 38, p. 472, p. 600.
• Nitzsch's Pterylography, tr. from the German. Ed. by Philip Lutley Sclater. 1867 London, Pub. for the Ray society by R. Hardwicke, 1867. url p. 40.
• Notes on sport and ornithology, London, Gurney and Jackson, 1889. url .
• Notes on sport and ornithology, by his imperial and royal highness the late crown prince Rudolph of Austria. Tr with the author's permission, by C. G. Danford. London, Gurney and Jackson, 1889. url p. 530, p. 645.
• Ootheca Wolleyana: an illustrated catalogue of the collection of birds' eggs, begun by the late John Wolley, jun.. .. and continued with additions, by the editor, Alfred Newton. .. London, sold by R. H. Porter, 1864-1907. url p. 451, p. 452, p. 664.
• Ornithological bibliography. [Washington: Geological Survey [etc.], 1878-1880. url p. 982.
• Ornithological miscellany / 3 1878 London: Trübner and Co., Bernard Quaritch, R.H. Porter, 1876-1878. url p. 146, p. 154.
• Outlines of general zoology. New York [N.Y.]: Rudolph Garrigue, 1851. url , .
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 524, p. 816.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 504, p. 505, p. 506, p. 508.
• Proceedings of the International Ornithological Congress. [Canberra, etc.]: Australian Academy of Science [etc.] url p. 343, p. 346, p. 350.
• Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow. Glasgow, Natural History Society of Glasgow. url p. 314.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 514, p. 61.
• Protected Landscapes: experience around the world. Prepared for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes, Grange-over-Sands, England 5-10 October 1987 IUCN url p. 126, p. 127.
• Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and financial report of the Executive Committee of the Board of Regents for the year ending June 30. .. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1933-1965. url p. 120, p. 126, p. 147, p. 148.
• Revised list of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological society of London. 1872. London, Printed for the Society, [1872] url p. 231.
• Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement. Leyden, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. url p. 16, p. 32, p. 33.
• Smithsonian year. 1965 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965-1976. url p. 175.
• Some account of the fauna and flora of Sinai, Petra, and Wa?dy 'Arabah, London, Pub. for the Committee of the Palestine exploration fund by A. P. Watt, 1891. url , .
• Special scientific report--wildlife / U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, 1949- url p. 154, p. 331, p. 339, p. 347, p. 350, p. 43, p. 559, p. 56, p. 561, p. 89.
• Stray feathers. Journal of ornithology for India and its dependencies. Calcutta: s.n., 1872-1899. url p. 116, p. 142, p. 32, p. 40, p. 448, p. 87.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 100, p. 120, p. 149, p. 166, p. 166.
• The Auk. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union, etc., 1884- url p. 269.
• The Cambridge natural history / edited by S. F. Harmer and A. E. Shipley. London: Macmillan and Co.; 1895-1909. url p. 619.
• The Cambridge natural history, London, Macmillan and Co., Limited;1895-1909 url , .
• The Cambridge natural history, ed. by S.F. Harmer. .. and A.E. Shipley. .. London, Macmillan and co., limited;1895-1909 url p. 83, p. 83.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 457.
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay: The Society, url , , p. 650, p. 876.
• The Marine Mammal Commission compendium of selected treaties, international agreements, and other relevant documents on marine resources, wildlife, and the environment / compiled by Richard L. Wallace. Washington, D.C.: The Commission; 1994 url p. 625, p. 676.
• The anthropology of Iraq. The Lower Euphrates-Tigris Region / by Henry Field, Formerly Curator of Physical Anthropology. Chicago:Field Museum, 1949 url p. 230.
• The natural history of the USSR / Algirdas Knystautas; foreword by Vladimir Flint; [translation, John S. Scott]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987. url p. 218.
• The ornithology of the Straits of Gibraltar. By Lieut.-Colonel L. Howard L. Irby. .. London, R.H. Porter, 1875. url p. 234.
• The structure and classification of birds, by Frank E. Beddard... LondonLongmans, Green, and co., 1898. url p. 406.
• The survey of western Palestine. The fauna and flora of Palestine, by H. B. Tristram. London, The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1884. url p. 108.
• The vertebrate zoology of Sind. A systematic account, with descriptions of all the known species of mammals, birds, and reptiles inhabiting the province. .. London, Richardson, 1884. url , , .
• The vertebrate zoology of Sind: a systematic account. .. / by James A. Murray. London: Richardson, 1884. url p. 422.
• Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. London: [The Society], 1879- url p. 110.
• World Checklist of Threatened Birds Joint Nature Conservation Committee url p. 241, p. 264, p. 6.
• Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 255, p. 257.
• [Ornithological papers] 1876-84. url p. 231, p. 36.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2008. Pelecanus crispus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 08, 2007:

• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8921
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174692
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13761683
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174692
• IUCN ID: 230892
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 9151

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 363.930 based on 7 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2008. Pelecanus crispus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.