Overview
|
Vulnerable |
|
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Apennine Hare, APPENINE HARE, Corsican Hare, Italian hare
Common Names in French:
LI?VRE DE CORSE
Common Names in Spanish:
LIEBRE DE C?RCEGA
Description
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [1].
Ecology:
Information about the ecology of this species is still limited. However,
it seems well adapted to the Mediterranean environment, although
it has been recorded from sea
level to 2,400 m
a.s.l. on Mount
Etna
(Sicily). The preferred habitats
are the Mediterranean maquis and
the mosaic
of clearings (also cultivated), bushy areas, and broad-leaved
woods
. Furthermore L. corsicanus inhabits also coastal dune
habitat. When L. corsicanus is in sympatry with L. europaeus,
the latter species tends to be more a habitat generalist, while L.
corsicanus seems to inhabit almost only pastures and grasslands.
In Sicily, the species inhabits a variety of natural and artificial
habitats: open grassland, bushy pastures, cultivated areas, etc.
In
terms
of elevation
, L. europaeus and L. corsicanus do not differ
significantly when they live allopatrically. According to Angelici
and Luiselli (in press
), when the two species coexist in sympatry,
L. corsicanus occurs at elevations significantly higher
than L. europaeus. L. europaeus inhabits significantly
higher elevations when it lives allopatrically than when it lives
sympatrically, and L. corsicanus inhabits significantly higher elevations
when it lives sympatrically than when it lives allopatrically. However,
this ecological allocation is not shared by Trocchi and Riga who
always directly observed, in sympatric condition, L. europaeus
occupying the mountain grassland and L. corsicanus inhabiting
the lower and warmer areas with thermophilous oak woods.
The
diet
of L. corsicanus, studied in Sicily, varies seasonally
as the available vegetation changes. Monocotyledones, Cyperaceae
and Juncaceae, are ingested year round
, while Gramineae and Labiatae
are consumed during spring
and summer, respectively (De Battisti
et al.
2004). Dicotyledones ingested year round by L.
corsicanus are Leguminosae and Compositae (De Battisti et
al. 2004).[1].
List of Habitats:
- 1 Forest
- 1.4 Forest - Temperate
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.8 Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation
- 4 Grassland
- 4.4 Grassland - Temperate
- 14 Artificial/Terrestrial
- 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
- 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
- 14.3 Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations
- 16 Introduced vegetation [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
)
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Mammalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
)
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
)
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
)
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
)
- McKenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
)
- McKenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
)
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
)
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
)
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
)
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
)
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Anagalida
(
)
- (Szalay & McKenna, 1971) McKenna, 1975
- Mirorder:
Duplicidentata
(
)
- (Illiger, 1811) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Order:
Lagomorpha
(
)
- Brandt, 1855
- Order:
Lagomorpha
(
- Mirorder:
Duplicidentata
(
- Grandorder:
Anagalida
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Class:
Mammalia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Lepus corsicanus de de Winton, 1898. • Lepus corsicanus de Winton • Lepus corsicanus de Winton, 1898
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-2007
Formerly included
in Lepus capensis or L. europaeus;
see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Petter (1961); but see
also Palacios et al.
(1989) and Pierpaoli et al.
(1999) who provided evidence of their specific distinctness (see
also below).
The taxonomic
status of L. corsicanus
has been uncertain since its first description
by De Winton in 1898.
Its species rank was soon rejected by Miller (1912) and others, who
considered L. corsicanus a subspecies
of L. europaeus.
However, Palacios (1996) studied historical museum specimen and described
new morphological traits
that provided phenotypic support
for the
species rank of the Apennine Hare. Recent molecular studies confirmed
that L. corsicanus is a phylogenetically distinct
species,
which can be identified by concordant morphological and mtDNA
traits.
It is reproductively isolated and apparently does not hybridize
with
sympatric L. europaeus. Phylogenetical analyses suggested
that corsicanus and europaeus are not closely related
sister taxa, but belong to distinct evolutionary lineages
that dispersed
in western Europe in different periods during the early Pleistocene
.
L. corsicanus probably differentiated in isolated refuges
in southern Italy during the last glaciation. Comparative analyses
of genetic variability highlighted a phylogeographical structure
of the Apennine Hare. Recently, it has been hypothesized that L.
corsicanus and L. castroviejoi are conspecific
, based
on preliminary molecular studies involving low sample
size and mtDNA
(Alves et al. 2003).[1].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Lepus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 58 species and subspecies in this genus:
L. alleni (Antelope Jack Rabbit) · L. alleni alleni (Antelope Jack Rabbit) · L. americanus (Snowshoe Rabbit) · L. americanus americanus (Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus klamathensis (Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus seclusus (Bighorn Mountain Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus tahoensis (Sierra Nevada Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus washingtonii (Washington Snowshoe Hare) · L. arcticus (Arctic Hare) · L. arcticus arcticus (Arctic Hare) · L. brachyurus (Japanese Hare) · L. brachyurus brachyurus (Japanese Hare) · L. californica (Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. californicus (Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. californicus bennettii (Black-Tailed Jackrabbit) · L. californicus californicus (Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. callotis (Beautiful-Eared Jack Rabbit) · L. callotis callotis (Beautiful-Eared Jack Rabbit) · L. callotis gaillardi (White-Sided Jackrabbit) · L. capensis (European Hare) · L. capensis capensis (Brown Hare) · L. castroviejoi (Broom Hare) · L. comus (Yunnan Hare) · L. coreanus (Korean Hare) · L. corsicanus (APPENINE HARE) · L. europaeus (European Brown Hare) · L. fagani (Ethiopian Hare) · L. flavigularis (Tehuantepec Jack Rabbit) · L. granatensis (Iberian Hare) · L. granatensis granatensis (Granada Hare) · L. habessinicus (Abyssinian Hare) · L. hainanus (Chinese Pinyin) · L. insularis (Espiritu Santo Jackrabbit) · L. mandshuricus (Manchurian Hare) · L. microtis (African Savanna Hare) · L. nigricollis (Black-Napped Hare) · L. nigricollis nigricollis (Indian Hare) · L. oiostolus (Woolly Hare) · L. oiostolus oiostolus (Woolly Hare) · L. oistolus (Woolly Hare) · L. othus (Beringian Hare) · L. othus othus (Alaskan Hare) · L. peguensis (Siamese Hare) · L. saxatilis (Savannah Hare) · L. saxatilis saxatilis (Scrub Hare) · L. sinensis (Chinese Hare) · L. sinensis sinensis (Chinese Hare) · L. starcki (Ethiopian Highland Hare) · L. tibetanus (Desert Hare) · L. timidus (Eurasian Arctic Hare) · L. timidus timidus (Arctic Hare) · L. tolai (Tolai Hare) · L. townsendi (White-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. townsendii (White-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. townsendii campanius (White-Tailed Jackrabbit) · L. townsendii townsendii (Western White-Tailed Jackrabbit) · L. victoriae (African Savanna Hare) · L. yarkandensis (Yarkland Hare)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Catalogue of the mammals of Western Europe (Europe exclusive of Russia) in the collection of the British Museum London: printed by order of the Trustees, 1912. url .
- Catalogue of the mammals of western Europe (Europe exclusive of Russia) in the collection of the British Museum / by Gerrit S. Miller. London: BMNH, 1912. url p. 515.
- Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 / by J.R. Ellerman and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott. London: BM(NH), 1966. url p. 436, p. 436.
Notes
Contributors
- Angelici, F.M., Randi, E., Riga, F. & Trocchi, V. 2008. Lepus corsicanus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 03, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 03, 2008:
- European Environment Agency: EUNIS
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 110535
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-625342
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 625342
- IUCN ID: 219155
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 130469
Footnotes
- Angelici, F.M., Randi, E., Riga, F. & Trocchi, V. 2008. Lepus corsicanus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
