Lepus americanus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,495 meters (0 to 8,186 feet).[1]

Ecology: Lepus americanus is associated with boreal and mixed deciduous forest of North America. It requires fairly dense vegetation, which it uses as cover . This species requires snow cover, because of its white winter pelage. Two subspecies along the Pacific coast fail to turn white and may be more common in Pacific forests with little or no winter snow cover. Requires mixed forest with dense understory . Typically, stands aged 25-40 years are ideal. L. americanus also seems to favor edge habitat . Diet consists mostly of grasses, forbs , sedges, and ferns (Murray 2003).

The total length of L. americanus is 36.0 - 52.0 cm (Banfield 1974; Hall 1981). The breeding season of L. americanus is from March to September and is subject to photoperiod control (Murray 2003). The average number of litters by L. americanus varies according to location with 1.9 litters per year in Alaska and 3.8 litters per year in Wisconsin (Murray 2003). Litter size varies according to location and number of previous litters produced (Murray 2003). (Ref. 282740).

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.1     Forest - Boreal   
  
•     1.2     Forest - Subarctic   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.3     Shrubland - Boreal   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
[more info]

Biology

Behavior

Snowshoe hares stay active all winter, denning in snow banks during bad weather. Their snowy white coat turns to brown in the spring .

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

First described: Harlan Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 284, 296, 299, 1825.

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-2007

Lepus americanus is taxonomically distinct from all North American Lepus and not known to hybridize with any species. For the most part, L. americanus is geographically isolated from congeneric species.

There are currently 15 recognized subspecies : Lepus americanus americanus, L. a. bairdii, L. a. cascadensis, L. a. columbiensis, L. a. dalli, L. a. klamathensis, L. a. oregonus, L. a. pallidus, L. a. phaeonotus, L. a. pineus, L. a. seclusus, L. a. struthopus, L. a. tahoensis, L. a. virginianus, and L. a. washingtonii (Hall 1981).[2].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lepus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 58 species and subspecies in this genus:

L. alleni (Antelope Jack Rabbit) · L. alleni alleni (Antelope Jack Rabbit) · L. americanus (Snowshoe Rabbit) · L. americanus americanus (Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus klamathensis (Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus seclusus (Bighorn Mountain Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus tahoensis (Sierra Nevada Snowshoe Hare) · L. americanus washingtonii (Washington Snowshoe Hare) · L. arcticus (Arctic Hare) · L. arcticus arcticus (Arctic Hare) · L. brachyurus (Japanese Hare) · L. brachyurus brachyurus (Japanese Hare) · L. californica (Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. californicus (Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. californicus bennettii (Black-Tailed Jackrabbit) · L. californicus californicus (Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. callotis (Beautiful-Eared Jack Rabbit) · L. callotis callotis (Beautiful-Eared Jack Rabbit) · L. callotis gaillardi (White-Sided Jackrabbit) · L. capensis (European Hare) · L. capensis capensis (Brown Hare) · L. castroviejoi (Broom Hare) · L. comus (Yunnan Hare) · L. coreanus (Korean Hare) · L. corsicanus (APPENINE HARE) · L. europaeus (European Brown Hare) · L. fagani (Ethiopian Hare) · L. flavigularis (Tehuantepec Jack Rabbit) · L. granatensis (Iberian Hare) · L. granatensis granatensis (Granada Hare) · L. habessinicus (Abyssinian Hare) · L. hainanus (Chinese Pinyin) · L. insularis (Espiritu Santo Jackrabbit) · L. mandshuricus (Manchurian Hare) · L. microtis (African Savanna Hare) · L. nigricollis (Black-Napped Hare) · L. nigricollis nigricollis (Indian Hare) · L. oiostolus (Woolly Hare) · L. oiostolus oiostolus (Woolly Hare) · L. oistolus (Woolly Hare) · L. othus (Beringian Hare) · L. othus othus (Alaskan Hare) · L. peguensis (Siamese Hare) · L. saxatilis (Savannah Hare) · L. saxatilis saxatilis (Scrub Hare) · L. sinensis (Chinese Hare) · L. sinensis sinensis (Chinese Hare) · L. starcki (Ethiopian Highland Hare) · L. tibetanus (Desert Hare) · L. timidus (Eurasian Arctic Hare) · L. timidus timidus (Arctic Hare) · L. tolai (Tolai Hare) · L. townsendi (White-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. townsendii (White-Tailed Jack Rabbit) · L. townsendii campanius (White-Tailed Jackrabbit) · L. townsendii townsendii (Western White-Tailed Jackrabbit) · L. victoriae (African Savanna Hare) · L. yarkandensis (Yarkland Hare)

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 02, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Lagomorph Specialist Group 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 20, 2008.
• Lagomorph Specialist Group 1996. Lepus americanus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• Murray, D. & Smith, A.T. 2008. Lepus americanus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 02, 2008:

• Burke Museum: Mammal Specimens
• Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science: Mammal specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Michigan State University Museum: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Royal Ontario Museum: Mammal specimens
• Sternberg Museum of Natural History: Mammal Collection
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNMA/Coleccion Nacional de Mamiferos
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection
• Utah Museum of Natural History: Mammal specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 107242
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-727814
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180112
• IUCN ID: 219146
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMAEB03010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 16048

Footnotes

1. Mean = 922.410 meters (3,026.280 feet), Standard Deviation = 673.990 based on 99 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Murray, D. & Smith, A.T. 2008. Lepus americanus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.