Icterus spurius

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The Orchard Oriole frequents open country with scattered trees , old orchards, groves, streamsides along farmlands, nurseries, prairies, residential areas, and occasionally marshland..

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands, gallery forests, tropical deciduous forests • Minimum Elevation: 700 meters • Maximum Elevation: 1,800 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Upper subtropical: higher slopes, 500-1,600 m.; subtropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     2     Savanna   
  
•     2.1     Savanna - Dry   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

The diet consists of insects, fruit and nectar. The food is gathered off vegetation.

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in mid-May, peaks later that month, and extends to late June. Breeding habitat includes open areas with trees . The nest is usually in a tree 1-15 m (4-50 feet) above the ground . The nest hangs from a fork in a branch and is a long, bag-like, or pensile , structure woven out of grasses and lined with fine grass and plant down . The female lays 3-7 (usually 3-5) eggs that she incubates for approximately 12 days. The young are altricial and fledge 11-14 days after hatching . Both adults brood and feed the young while they are in the nest. After the young leave the nest, the parents split the brood and each adult takes care of half of their offspring. The young stay with the adults until the fall migration.

• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Clutch Size: 3-7
• Length of Incubation : 12 days
• Days to Fledge: 11-14
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Migratory

The song is a group of loud whistled notes .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Icterus spurius (Linnaeus, 1766)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Oct-2007

Similar Species

Hooded Oriole

Members of the genus Icterus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 52 species and subspecies in this genus:

I. abeillei (Black-Backed Oriole) · I. auratus (Orange Oriole) · I. auricapillus (Orange-Crowned Oriole) · I. bonana (Martinique Oriole) · I. bullockii (BullockÌs Oriole) · I. bullockii bullockii (BullockÌs Oriole) · I. cayanensis (Epaulet Oriole) · I. cayanensis cayanensis (Epaulet Oriole) · I. chrysater (Yellow-Backed Oriole) · I. chrysater chrysater (Yellow-Backed Oriole) · I. chrysocephalus (Moriche Oriole) · I. croconotus (Orange-Backed Troupial) · I. cucullatus (Palm-Leaf Oriole) · I. cucullatus cucullatus (Hooded Oriole) · I. cucullatus sennetti (Hooded Oriole) · I. dominicensis (Hispaniolan Oriole) · I. dominicensis dominicensis (Black-Cowled Oriole) · I. galbula (Black-Backed Oriole) · I. galbula galbula (Black-Backed Oriole) · I. graceannae (White-Edged Oriole) · I. graduacauda (Black-Headed Oriole) · I. graduacauda audubonii (Audubon's Oriole) · I. graduacauda graduacauda (Audubon's Oriole) · I. gularis (Lichtenstein's Oriole) · I. gularis gularis (Altamira Oriole) · I. icterus (Venezuelan Troupial) · I. jamacaii (Campo Troupial) · I. laudabilis (St Lucia Oriole) · I. laudabilis laudabilis (St. Lucia Oriole) · I. leucopteryx (Jamaican Oriole) · I. leucopteryx leucopteryx (Jamaican Oriole) · I. maculialatus (Bar-Winged Oriole) · I. melanopsis (Cuban Oriole) · I. mesomelas (Yellow-Tailed Oriole) · I. mesomelas mesomelas (Yellow-Tailed Oriole) · I. nigrogularis (Yellow Oriole) · I. nigrogularis nigrogularis (Yellow Oriole) · I. northropi (Bahama Oriole) · I. oberi (Montserrat Oriole) · I. parisorum (Scott's Oriole) · I. pectoralis (Spotted-Breasted Oriole) · I. pectoralis pectoralis (Spot-Breasted Oriole) · I. portoricensis (Puerto Rican Oriole) · I. prosthemelas (Black-Cowled Oriole) · I. pustulatus (Western Streak-Headed Oriole) · I. pustulatus pustulatus (Streak-Backed Oriole) · I. pyrrhopterus (Variable Oriole) · I. spurius (Bastard Baltimore) · I. spurius fuertesi (Orchard Oriole) · I. spurius spurius (Bastard Baltimore) · I. wagleri (Black-Vented Oriole) · I. wagleri wagleri (Black-Vented Oriole)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A List of birds' eggs in the collection of Mr. William Stoate, Wembdon, Bridgewater. [188-?] url p. 20.
• A bird-lover in the West / by Olive Thorne Miller [pseud.] Boston; Houghton, Mifflin, 1900. url .
• A catalogue of Canadian birds with notes on the distribution of the species / by Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B.: J. McMillan, 1887. url p. 79.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds, By Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B., J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url p. 79, p. 79.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds: with notes on the distribution of the species / Saint John, N.B.: J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url .
• A catalogue of the birds of Indiana / by Amos W. Butler. S.l.: s.n., 1891? url p. 66, p. 66.
• A catalogue of the birds of Kansas. Topeka, Kansas Pub. House, 1883. url .
• A catalogue of the birds of the Virginias / by Wm. C. Rives. Newport, R.I.: Printed for the Society by T.T. Pitman, 1890. url p. 70.
• A catalogue of the collection of birds formed by the late Hugh Edwin Strickland. Cambridge, Univ. Press, 1882. url p. 262.
• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. url p. 63.
• A check list of North-American birds by Elliott Coues. Salem, Mass.: F.W. Putnam, 1879. url .
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 17.
• A faunal investigation of Long Point and vicinity, Norfolk County, Ontario / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1931. url p. 122, p. 195.
• A faunal investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario / Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1941. url p. 10, p. 83.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and nearly 100 cuts in the text. BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904 url p. 189.
• A history of North American birds / by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Boston: Little, Brown, 1905. url , p. 190.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, London, Witherby & Co., 1912. url , , , .
• A list of avian species for which the type locality is South Carolina / Charleston, S. C.: The Charleston Museum, 1917. url .
• A list of the birds of Florida / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 17.
• A list of the birds of Hudson highlands: with annotations / by Edgar A. Mearns. [s.l.: s.n.], 1878-1881. url p. 110, p. 72.
• A list of the birds of Maine, showing their distribution by counties and their status in each county. Prepared under the auspices of the United ornithologists of Maine by Ora W. Knight. .. Augusta, Kennebec journal print, 1897. url p. 88.
• A list of the birds of Maryland / F.C. Kirkwood. Baltimore, Md., 1895. url p. 323.
• A list of the birds of Maryland, giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds; also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded. By F.C. Kirkwood. .. Baltimore: [Maryland Academy of Sciences], 1895. url p. 323, p. 323.
• A list of the birds of Maryland: giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds, also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded / Baltimore: Deutsch Lithographing & Print. Co.; 1895. url .
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen Manchester, N.H., Nature press, 1903. url p. 191, p. 212, p. 38.
• A list of the birds of eastern North America / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 29.
• A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States: including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri river, inclusive of marine species / Chicago:A. C. McClurg, 1916. url .
• A naturalist's rambles about home. New York, Appleton, 1889. url p. 465.
• A pocket list of the birds of eastern Massachusetts, with especial reference to Essex County, by Albert P. Morse. .. Salem, Mass., Peabody academy of science, 1912. url p. 58.
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada / Boston: Little, Brown, 1921. url .
• A popular handbook of the ornithology of the United States and Canada: based on Nuttall's Manual / by Montague Chamberlain. Boston: Little, B., & Co., 1903. url p. 93.
• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url .
• A preliminary list of the birds found in Vermont / by George H. Perkins; assisted by Clifton D. Howe. Albany: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1901. url .
• A preliminary list of the birds of Wayne County, Ohio. Columbus, Westbote Co., State Printers, 1896. url p. 249, p. 251, p. 303.
• A preliminary review of the birds of Nebraska, with synopses, Omaha, 1904 url .
• A review of the birds of Connecticut / by C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, [Conn.]: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, Printers, 1877. url p. 140, p. 145.
• A revised catalogue of the birds of Kansas: with descriptive notes of the nests and eggs of the birds known to breed in the state / Pub. under the direction of the Executive Council, May, 1886. Topeka: Kansas Publishing House, 1886. url p. 38.
• A study of the incubation periods of birds; what determines their lengths, Denver, Col., The Kendrick-Bellamy Co., 1917. url .
• A supplement to The birds of Rhode Island / by Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. and Edward Sturtevant. Middletown, R.I.: [s.n.], 1903. url p. 17.
• Abstract of proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia]Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. url p. 41.
• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York City, for the official year. . [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932] url p. 101, p. 117, p. 23, p. 28, p. 40, p. 42, p. 43, p. 44, p. 53, p. 79, p. 83, p. 85, p. 9.
• American bird magazine, ornithology. Worcester, Mass.: C.K. Reed, 1903-1906. url p. 174, p. 214.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. url p. 460.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- url p. 474, p. 494, p. 567, p. 57.
• Annotated list of the Avery bird collection in the Alabama museum of natural history (Geological survey museum) University, Ala., 1921. url .
• Annotated list of the birds of Michigan / c by Morris Gibbs. Washington, D.C.: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1879 url .
• Annotated list of the birds of Oneida County, N.Y. and of the West Canada Creek Valley. [Utica, N.Y.?]1912. url .
• Annotated list of the birds of Point Pelee. n.p., n.d. url p. 144.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 126, p. 127, p. 236, p. 82.
• Annual report of the Minnesota State Horticultural Society. Minneapolis: The Society, 1883-1898. url p. 363.
• Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, url p. 213.
• Annual report of the New York Zoological Society. New York: The Society, 1897- url p. 172, p. 172, p. 211, p. 211.
• Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893-1930. url p. 133.
• Annual report of the Regents / Albany: J.B. Lyon, State Printer, 1890-1903. url p. 319.
• Baby bird-finder. .. by Harriet E. Richards and Emma G. Cummings. .. Boston, Mass., W.A. Butterfield, 1904-06. url p. 33.
• Baby pathfinder to the birds; a pocket guide to one hundred and ten land birds of New England, with blank pages for notes, by Harriet E. Richards and Emma G. Cummings. Boston, Mass., W.A. Butterfield, 1904. url .
• Biologia centrali-americana: Aves / [London: R.H. Porter], 1879-1904. url , , .
• Bird guide. from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Worcester: Reed, 1906. url p. 57.
• Bird guide...east of the Rockies, by Chester A. Reed. New York, Doubleday, Page & Co., 1910. url p. 69.
• Bird guide: land birds east of the Rockies from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1916, c1909. url p. 69, p. 69.
• Bird migration in the Mississippi Valley / by W.W. Cooke and Otto Widman [i.e. Widmann] [Chicago?]: The American Field, 1883. url p. 18, p. 30.
• Bird neighbors an introductory acquaintance with one hundred and fifty birds commonly found in the gardens, meadows and woods about our homes / by Neltje Blanchan; with introduction by John Burroughs. Toronto: G. Morang, 1898. url .
• Bird neighbors. An introductory acquaintance with one hundred and fifty birds commonly found in the gardens, meadows, and woods about our homes. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page, 1916. url .
• Bird neighbors: an introductory acquaintance with one hundred and fifty birds commonly found in the gardens, meadows, and woods about our homes / Neltje Blanchan; introduction by John Burroughs. Garden City, N.Y.: Garden City Pub. Co., c1922. url .
• Bird populations in east central Illinois: fluctuations, variations, and development over a half-century / Champaign: University of Illinois Press, c1982. url p. 134.
• Bird studies; an account of the land birds of eastern North America, London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1898. url .
• Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman; illustrated by Ernest Seton Thompson. 1900 New York: Appleton, 1900. url p. 132.
• Bird-life; a guide to the study of our common birds, New York, D. Appleton and company, 1898. url p. 166.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. url p. 119, p. 128.
• Birdcraft: a field book of two hundred song, game, and water birds / New York: Macmillan, 1900. url , .
• Birdcraft; a field book of two hundred song, game, and water birds, by Mabel Osgood Wright. .. With eighty full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. London: The Macmillan company, 1897. url p. 171, p. 316.
• Birds and nature. Chicago, Ill.: A.W. Mumford, Publisher, 1900-1907. url p. 216, p. 217, p. 30.
• Birds from the Yucatan peninsula, by Melvin A. Traylor. 24 1941 Chicago, 1941. url p. 220.
• Birds of America; editor-in-chief, T. Gilbert Pearson; consulting editor, John Burroughs; artists, R.I. Brasher, R. Bruce Horsfall [and] Henry Thurston. New York, The University Society, 1923. url , p. 256.
• Birds of Arkansas. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1911. url .
• Birds of Chautauqua county: an address delivered before the Chautauqua Society of History and Natural Science at its semi-annual meeting held in Jamestown, January 29, 1885 / by John M. Edson. Jamestown [N.Y.]: Geo. H. Tiffany, 1886. url p. 10.
• Birds of Kansas, by Benjamin F. Eyer. .. Topeka, Kan., Crane & Company, 1900. url p. 80.
• Birds of Madison County, New York / by George Charles Embody. Hamilton, N.Y.: [Republican Press], 1901. url p. 22.
• Birds of Massachusetts and other New England states / [Norwood, Ma.: Printed by Berwick and Smith Company], 1925-1929 url .
• Birds of Michigan. By A. J. Cook. Lansing, Mich., R. Smith & co., state printers and binders, 1893 url p. 249, p. 303.
• Birds of Michigan. Lansing, Mich., R. Smith & Co., State Printers and Binders, 1893 url .
• Birds of Michigan. illustrated by A. J. Cook. Lansing, Mich., R. Smith & co., state printers and binders, 1893 url p. 89.
• Birds of New York / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1914. url .
• Birds of New York / by Elon Howard Eaton. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1910-1914. url p. 236, p. 236, p. 610, p. 611.
• Birds of New York Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14 url p. 236.
• Birds of New York, Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14. url , .
• Birds of North Carolina, by T. Gilbert Pearson, C. S. Brimley and H. H. Brimley. Raleigh, Edwards & Broughton printing co., state printers, 1919. url p. 222.
• Birds of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., [The Daggett Printing Co.]1910. url .
• Birds of South Carolina, by Arthur Trezevant Wayne. With an introduction by the editor. Charleston, S.C., [The Daggett Printing Co.]1910. url p. 110.
• Birds of South Dakota. By William H. Over and Craig S. Thoms. Vermillion [!]: University of South Dakota, 1920 [i.e. 1921] url p. 108.
• Birds of South Dakota. Vermillion, University of South Dakota, 1920 [i.e. 1921] url .
• Birds of Swope park in the heart of America, Kansas City, Mo., by Albert E. Shirling... Kansas City, Mo., McIndoo publishing company, 1920. url p. 109, p. 109, p. 66, p. 66.
• Birds of Washington and vicinity, including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard, with introduction by Florence A. Merriam. .. Washington, D. C., 1898. url p. 104.
• Birds of Washington and vicinity: including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia / by Mrs. L. W. Maynard; with introduction by Florence Merriam Bailey. Washington, D. C.: Woodward & Lothrop, 1902. url p. 104.
• Birds of a Maryland farm: a local study of economic ornithology / Washington; G.P.O., 1902. url .
• Birds of eastern Canada / Ottawa: F.A. Acland, 1922. url .
• Birds of eastern Canada / Ottawa: J. de L. Tache?, 1919. url , .
• Birds of eastern Canada / by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa: Acland, 1922. url p. 168, p. 168.
• Birds of eastern Canada / by P.A. Taverner. Ottawa: Canada Dept. of Mines, Geological Survey, 1919. url p. 159, p. 283.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tache?, printer, 1919. url p. 159, p. 283.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P.A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Taché, Printer, 1919. url p. 159, p. 283.
• Birds of lakeside and prairie, by Edward B. Clark, with sixteen illustrations in color. 1901 Chicago, A.W. Mumford[1901] url p. 149, p. 149.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. url p. 704.
• Birds of the Colorado valley. .. scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology. Washington, Gov't print. off., 1878. url p. 704.
• Birds of the Kansas City region / [St. Louis, Mo.: Academy of Sciences of St. Louis]1919. url .
• Birds of the Kansas City region [by] Harry Harris. [St. Louis, Mo.]1919. url p. 289, p. 289, p. 364, p. 364.
• Birds of the New York city region, by Ludlow Griscom, assistant curator of ornithology, with the cooperation of the Linnæan society of New York. .. New York, The Museum, 1923. url p. 248.
• Birds of the Rockies, by Leander S. Keyser... with eight full-page plates [four in color] by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; many illustrations in the text by Bruce Horsfall, and eight views of localities from photographs; with a c Chicago, A. C. McClurg and co., 1902. url p. 331, p. 331.
• Birds of village and field: a bird book for beginners, by Florence A. Merriam. Illustrated. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1898. url p. 61.
• Birds of western New York. Rochester, N.Y., The Society, 1901. url p. 43.
• Birds that eat the cotton boll weevil: a report of progress / Washington: G.P.O., 1906. url .
• Birds'-nesting: a handbook of instruction in gathering and preserving the nests and eggs of birds for the purposes of study / by Ernest Ingersoll. Boston [Mass.]: S.E. Cassino, 1883, c1882. url p. 100, p. 109.
• Birds. Collected excerpts from v. 10 of Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. [n. p., 19--?] url , .
• Birds; a miscellaneous collection of 37 pamphlets about birds. Collected and privately bound by Alvin Seale, 1914. v.p., 1910-1913 url p. 50, p. 54.
• Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 319.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 442.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. 1955 New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, url p. 264.
• Bulletin / State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut. [Hartford]: The Survey, 1904- url p. 113, p. 191, p. 242, p. 310.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey. Washington: G.P.O., 1904-1907. url p. 18.
• Bulletin / Vermont Bird Club. [Rutland, Vt.]: The Club, 1906-1914 url p. 9.
• Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New YorkAmerican Museum of Natural History1881- url p. 172, p. 362.
• Bulletin of the Bird Club of Princeton University. Princeton, N.J.: The Club, 1901. url , p. 17, p. 31, p. 60.
• Bulletin of the Charleston Museum. [Charleston, S.C.: the Museum], 1907-1922. url p. 28.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., Govt. Print. Off., 1913-1923. url p. 14, p. 14, p. 26, p. 26, p. 26.
• Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- url p. 140.
• Bulletin, Gulf Biologic Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigration., 1902-1910. url p. 81.
• California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 132.
• Cassinia. Philadelphia: Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, 1901- url p. 33, p. 48, p. 52, p. 65, p. 71, p. 79, p. 79.
• Catalogue of Canadian birds. .. Ottawa, Printed by S. E. Dawson, 1900-04. url .
• Catalogue of West Indian birds, containing a list of all species known to occur in the Bahama Islands, the Greater Antilles, the Caymans, and the Lesser Antilles, excepting the islands of Tobago and Trinidad, by Charles B. Cory. .. Boston, The author, 1892. url p. 110.
• Catalogue of a collection of birds from Guatemala, by Ned Dearborn. 1 1907 Chicago, 1907. url p. 113.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. 13 1937 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1937. url p. 105, p. 106.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. url p. 389.
• Catalogue of the collection of birds' eggs in the British Museum (Natural History) London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1901-12. url p. 389.
• Catalogue of vertebrates found in New Jersey. [(A revision of Dr. Abbott's catalogue of 1868) prepared by Julius Nelson]. Trenton, N. J., John L. Murphy, 1890. url .
• Check list of New York birds, Albany, University of the State of New York, 1900. url .
• Check list of New York birds, by Marcus S. Farr. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1900. url p. 319.
• Check list of the birds of Ontario and catalogue of birds in the biological section of the Museum / Department of Education. Toronto: Dept. of Education, 1900. url p. 40.
• Check list of the vertebrates of Ontario and catalogue of specimens in the biological section of the Provincial museum. Birds. Toronto, L. K. Cameron, printer to the king's most excellent Majesty, 1905. url p. 59.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. url p. 306.
• Check-list of North American birds, New York, American ornithologists' union, 1910. url .
• Check-list of North American birds: the species of birds of North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and Hawaiian Islands / prepared by the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of the American Orni Lawrence, Kan.: American Ornithologists' Union, 1983. url p. 734, p. 805.
• Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 161.
• Color key to North American birds, with bibliographical appendix, by Frank M. Chapman. .. with upwards of 800 drawings, by Chester A. Reed, B.S. New York, D. Appleton & Company, 1912. url p. 206, p. 206.
• Color key to North American birds; with bibliographical appendix. New York, D. Appleton, 1912. url .
• Eggs of North American birds by Chas. J. Maynard. Boston: De Wolfe, Fiske, 1890. url .
• Eggs of North American birds; by Chas. J. Maynard. Illustrated with ten hand-colored plates. Boston, De Wolfe, Fiske & co., 1890. url p. 97.
• Eggs of native Pennsylvania birds: a world's fair collection / owned and exhibited by J. Warren Jacobs. Waynesburg, Pa.: Independent Job Department, 1895. url p. 8.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 112.
• "Every bird;" a guide to the identification of the birds of woodland, beach and ocean. With one hundred and twenty-four line illustrations by the author, Reginald Heber Howe, jr. Boston, B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 189.
• Evolution and animal life; an elementary discussion of facts, processes, laws and theories relating to the life and evolution of animals, by David Starr Jordan. .. and Vernon Lyman Kellogg. .. New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1907. url p. 129.
• Evolution of the colors of North American land birds / by Charles A. Keeler. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, 1893. url , p. 148, p. 310.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 139, p. 141, p. 315.
• Facts relating to the history of Groton, Massachusetts, by Samuel Abbott Green. .. [Cambridge, J. Wilson and Son]1912-14. url p. 37.
• Fauna of New England. Boston, Printed for the [Boston] Society [of Natural History] from the Gurdon Saltonstall Fund, 1904-25. url p. 140.
• Fauna of New England. List of the Araneida. Boston, For Society, 1908. url .
• Fauna of New England. by Glover M. Allen. Boston: Society of Natural History, 1909. url p. 140.
• Field book of birds of the Panama Canal Zone; a description on the habits, call notes and songs of the birds of the Panama Canal Zone, for the purpose of identifying them. Many of these birds are also common in Central and South America. By Bertha Bement Sturgis; with over 100 illustrations, colour plates, pen-and-ink sketches, and a map of the Panama Canal Zone. London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1928. url , .
• Final environmental impact statement: proposed estuarine sanctuary grant award for Apalachicola Bay and lower Apalachicola River, Franklin County, Florida to State of Florida / Washington, D.C.: Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1979. url .
• Final report of the state geologist. Trenton, N.J.: The Survey, 1888- url p. 534.
• Final report. v. 1-8. Trenton, 1888-1917. url p. 534.
• First report: accompanied with Notes on the birds of Minnesota, by P. L. Hatch. 1892. url p. 280.
• Foreign birds for cage and aviary. By Arthur G. Butler London, "The Feathered world"[191-?] url p. 29.
• "Forest and Stream" bird notes. An index and summary of all the ornithological matter contained in "Forest and Stream." Vols. I-XII. New York, Forest and Stream Publishing Co., 1881. url , .
• "Forest and stream" bird notes. An index and summary of all the ornithological matter contained in "Forest and Stream." Vols. I-XII. Compiled by H.B. Bailey. New York, Forest and Stream, 1881. url p. 102, p. 80.
• Fresh fields, by John Burroughs. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin[c1895] url p. 281.
• Fresh fields. BostonHoughton, Mifflin[c1895] url p. 281.
• Guide to taxidermy, by Chas. K. Reed and Chester A. Reed. Illustrated by drawings and photographs of mounted specimens by the authors and Mr. N. F. Stone. Worcester, Mass., C.K. Reed, 1914. url p. 277.
• Handbook of birds of eastern North America; with introductory chapters on the study of birds in nature, by Frank M. Chapman. .. With full-page plates in colors and black and white by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and text-cuts by Tappan Adney and Ernest Thompson Seton. London: D. Appleton and Company, 1912. url p. 364.
• Handbook of birds of the western United States: including the Great Plains, Great Basin, Pacific Slope, and lower Rio Grande Valley / by Florence Merriam Bailey. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915, c1902. url p. 296.
• History of the birds of Kansas. By N. S. Goss. Illustrating 529 birds. Topeka, Kan., G. W. Crane, 1891. url p. 402, p. 402.
• Homing with the birds; the history of a lifetime of personal experience with the birds, Garden City, Doubleday, Page & Company, 1919. url .
• How to sex cage birds (British and foreign), London, "The Feathered world", "Canary and cage-bird life"[1907] url p. 76.
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 82.
• Illustrations of the nests and eggs of birds of Ohio: with text / 2 1886 Circleville, Ohio, U.S.A.: [s.n.], 1886 url p. 317, p. 323, p. 326, pl. XL.
• In nesting time; Boston andHoughton, Mifflin, 1895, 1888. url .
• In nesting time; by Olive Thorne Miller [pseud.] Boston andHoughton, Mifflin and company, 1895, c1888. url .
• Intelligence in plants and animals: New York, Doubleday, Page & co., 1900 url p. 267.
• Journal and proceedings of the Hamilton Association. [Hamilton, Ont.]: Printed for the Hamilton Association by the Spector Printing Co., [1884]-1899. url , p. 218.
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url p. 22, p. 22, p. 71.
• Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 183, p. 183, p. 53.
• Lake Maxinkuckee. A physical and biological survey by Barton Warren Evermann...and Howard Walton Clark... [Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford, printer]1920. url p. 554.
• Lake Maxinkuckee: a physical and biological survey / by Barton Warren Evermann and Howard Walton Clark. Indianapolis: Dept. of Conservation, 1920. url p. 554.
• Life and immortality; or, Souls in plants and animals. By George G. Gentry. Philadelphia, Burk & McFetridge Co., c1897. url p. 267.
• Life histories of North American birds, from the parrots to the grackles with special reference to their breeding habits and eggs / by Charles Bendire. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1895. url .
• List of North Dakota birds: found in the Big Coulee, Turtle Mountains and Devils Lake region, as noted during the years 1890 to 1896 and verified in the subsequent years to date / by Elmer T. Judd. Cando, N.D.: Published by the author, 1917. url p. 21.
• List of birds found in West Virginia. Charleston, Tribune Printing Co., 1909. url p. 31.
• List of birds found in the vicinity of Bridgeport, Connecticut / Prepared for the Bridgeport Scientific Society by C. K. Averill, Jr., January, 1892. Bridgeport, Conn.: Buckingham & Brewer, Printers, 1892. url p. 13.
• List of birds resident in summer near the city of Baltimore. url , , p. 132.
• List of the birds of Nelson County / by Charles Wickliffe Beckham. Frankfort, Ky.: John D. Woods, [1885?] url p. 54.
• List of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. London, Printed for the Society, 1896. url p. 279, p. 279.
• Louisiana herpetology, with a checklist of the batrachians and reptiles of the state and the avifauna of Louisiana, with an annotated list of the birds of the state / by George E. Beyer. New Orleans: [s.n.]1900. url p. 31.
• Manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern U.S.. .. inclusive of the marine species. Chicago, McClurg, 1894, c1876-88. url .
• Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States, including the district east of the Mississippi River, and north of North Carolina and Tennessee, exclusive of marine species. By David Starr Jordan. .. Chicago, Jansen, McClurg & company, 1880. url p. 92.
• Memoir / Ithaca, N.Y. url p. 724.
• Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1886- url p. 124, p. 132, p. 245, p. 246.
• Michigan bird life, a list of all the bird species known to occur in the state together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, wtih special reference to its relation t [Lansing]Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. url .
• Michigan bird life: a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation t by Walter Bradford Barrows. Lansing: Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. url p. 448.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1960 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 5, p. 51, p. 51, p. 56.
• Museum bulletin / Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url p. 108, p. 126, p. 127.
• Museum paper / Alabama Museum of Natural History. University, Ala.: Alabama Museum of Natural History, 1910-1960. url p. 72.
• Museum paper. University, Ala. [etc.]1910- url p. 72.
• Natural history. New York: American Museum of Natural History. url p. 165.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 750, p. 750.
• Nature study. Manchester, N.H.: [Nature Study Press], 1900-1904. url p. 208.
• Nests and eggs of North American birds, Philadelphia, D. McKay[c1900] url .
• Nests and eggs of birds of the United States. .. Philadelphia, J.A. Wagenseller, 1882. url p. 15.
• New England bird life: being a manual of New England ornithology; rev. and ed. from the manuscript of Winfrid A. Stearns. .. by Dr. Elliott Coues. .. Boston, C.T. Dillingham, 1881-83. url p. 303, p. 303, p. 303.
• New York State Museum bulletin. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1916-1944. url p. 55, p. 82, p. 85.
• Nomenclature of North American birds chiefly contained in the United States National Museum. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1881. url , .
• North American birds eggs, New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1904. url .
• North American birds eggs, by Chester A. Reed...illustrating the eggs of nearly every species of North American birds. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1904. url p. 242.
• North American birds eggs. New York: Dover Pub, [1965]. url p. 242.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 154, p. 322, p. 322.
• Notes on a collection of birds from Michoacan, Mexico, by Emmet R. Blake and Harold C. Hanson. 22 1942 [Chicago]1942. url p. 516, p. 546.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url .
• Ornithological bibliography. [Washington: Geological Survey [etc.], 1878-1880. url p. 613.
• Ornithologist and oo?logist Pawtucket, R.I. url , p. 101, p. 112, p. 115, p. 123, p. 125, p. 132, p. 140, p. 148, p. 2, p. 20, p. 207, p. 58, p. 66, p. 87, p. 92, p. 94.
• Our birds in their haunts a popular treatise on the birds of eastern North America / by J. Hibbert Langille. Boston: S.E. Cassino, 1884. url .
• Our birds in their haunts: a popular treatise on the birds of eastern North America / New York: Orange Judd, 1892, c1884. url .
• Our common birds and how to know them, by John B. Grant; with sixty-four plates. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1895 [c1891]. url p. 103.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe. .. [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. url p. 231, p. 513.
• Our living world; an artistic edition of the Rev. J. G. Wood's Natural history of animate creation. New York: S. Hess, [1885] url p. 653.
• Our native birds of song and beauty, being a complete history of all the songbirds, flycatchers, hummingbirds, swifts, goatsuckers, woodpeckers, kingfishers, trogons, cuckoos, and parrots, of North America. Milwaukee, G. Brumder, 1893-96. url , , .
• Our northern and eastern birds containing descriptions of the birds of the northern and eastern states and British provinces, together with a history of their habits, times of arrival and departure, their distribution, food, song, by Edward A. Samuels. New York: R. Worthington, 1883. url .
• Our northern and eastern birds. Containing descriptions of the birds of the northern and eastern states and British provinces; together with a history of their habits, times of arrival and departure, their distribution, food, song, New York, R. Worthington, 1883. url , , .
• Our northern and eastern birds: containing descriptions of the birds of the northern and eastern states and British provinces; together with a history of their habits, times of arrival and departure, their distribution, food, song, by Edward A. Samuels; with a supplement from Holder's "American fauna." New York: R. Worthington, 1883. url , p. 346.
• Oölogy of New England: a description of the eggs, nests, and breeding habits of the birds known to breed in New England, with colored illustrations of their eggs. 1886 Boston: A. Mudge & son, printers, 1886. url p. 53.
• P.D. Skaar's Montana bird distribution / revised by the Montana Bird Distribution Committee. [Helena, MT]:Montana Natural Heritage Program, 1996 url p. 113.
• Pacific coast avifauna / Cooper Ornithnological Club of California. Santa Clara, Calif.: The Club, 1900-1974. url p. 60.
• Pamphlets on forestry in West Virginia. [1900?- url p. 99.
• Potential wildlife-highway interactions at select mile-markers along Montana Department of Transportation routes an ArcView GIS analysis / Bozeman, Mont.: Fish and Wildlife Management Program, Montana State University, 2001 url .
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 166, p. 44.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 306, p. 49.
• Proceedings of the Canadian Institute. Toronto, Canadian Institute. url p. 184, p. 184.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 188, p. 277, p. 277.
• Proceedings of the Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences. Manchester, N.H.: The Institute, 1900-1911. url p. 212.
• Proceedings of the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Lincoln, [1900-15] url p. 31, p. 84.
• Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. [Weatherford, etc.]Oklahoma Academy of Science. url p. 64.
• Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science. Rochester, N.Y.: The Academy.1889- url .
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 8 1885 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 107, p. 135, p. 150, p. 183, p. 214, p. 229, p. 323, p. 392, p. 433, p. 496, p. 521, p. 564, p. 567, p. 574, p. 580, p. 599, p. 637, p. 671.
• Proposed estuarine sanctuary grant award to the state of New York for a Hudson River estuarine sanctuary. Albany, N.Y.: New York, Dept. of Environmental Conservation, [1982] url p. 125.
• Publication. Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago, U.S.A.: The Museum, 1910-1943. url , , , p. 179, p. 560.
• Quarterly report of the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture / Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture. [Harrisburg, Pa.]: Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture, 1873-1894. url .
• Report of the United States Entomological Commission. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1878-90. url p. 34.
• Report of the state zoölogist. Minneapolis, 1892-1895. url p. 280.
• Report on a collection of birds from Oaxaca, Mexico [by] Emmet R. Blake. 31 1950 [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1950. url p. 414.
• Report on bird migration in the Mississippi valley in the years 1884 and 1885 / Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1888. url .
• Report on the birds of Pennsylvania: with special reference to the food habits, based on over four thousand stomach examinations / by B.H. Warren. Harrisburg: E.K. Meyers, State Printer, 1890. url .
• Report upon cotton insects, prepared under the direction of the commissioner of agriculture in pursuance of an act of Congress approved June 19, 1878. By J. Henry Comstock, entomologist to the Department of agriculture. Washington: Gov't. print. off., 1879. url p. 162, p. 162.
• Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 134.
• Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 138, p. 180, p. 558.
• Smithsonian year: annual report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ended Sept. 30. .. 1980 City of Washington: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1980-2001. url p. 420.
• South Carolina. Resources and population. Institutions and industries. Pub. by the State Board of Agriculture of South Carolina. Charleston, S.C.: Walker, Evans & Cogswell, printers, 1883. url p. 222.
• Special bulletin / Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1892- url , p. 437, p. 441, p. 479.
• Special papers / Ohio Academy of Sciences. Columbus, Ohio: The Academy, 1899-1929. url p. 133.
• Spring notes from Tennessee, by Bradford Torrey. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1896. url p. 215, p. 215.
• Supplement to the birds of Essex County, Massachusetts / Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1920. url .
• Supplement to the code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds. adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union; prepared by a Committee of the Union. New York: The Union, 1889-1920. url p. 422.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 32.
• The American Museum journal. New York: American Museum of Natural History, c1900-[1918] url p. 22.
• The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url p. 109, p. 11, p. 22, p. 244, p. 302, p. 65, p. 95.
• The American oologists' exchange price list of North American birds' eggs, 1922 / compiled by a committee of twenty-five prominent American oologists. Lacon, Ill.: R. Magoon Barnes, 1922. url p. 69.
• The Auk. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union, etc., 1884- url p. 1, p. 107, p. 137, p. 138, p. 143, p. 149, p. 16, p. 162, p. 164, p. 165, p. 173, p. 186, p. 186, p. 19, p. 195, p. 2, p. 201, p. 202, p. 211, p. 212, p. 212, p. 213, p. 215, p. 218, p. 218, p. 22, p. 22, p. 227, p. 230, p. 238, p. 24, p. 242, p. 246, p. 250, p. 251, p. 26, p. 273, p. 275, p. 282, p. 285, p. 287, p. 290, p. 297, p. 3, p. 308, p. 308, p. 311, p. 314, p. 318, p. 319, p. 32, p. 320, p. 322, p. 334, p. 338, p. 344, p. 345, p. 358, p. 359, p. 365, p. 374, p. 379, p. 388, p. 390, p. 392, p. 4, p. 400, p. 411, p. 413, p. 415, p. 420, p. 427, p. 433, p. 44, p. 457, p. 466, p. 468, p. 473, p. 479, p. 498, p. 5, p. 520, p. 520, p. 569, p. 570, p. 78, p. 79, p. 81, p. 82, p. 84, p. 85.
• The Burgess bird book for children, by Thornton W. Burgess, with illustrations in color by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. 1919 Boston: Little, Brown, and company, 1919. url p. 347.
• The Canadian bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred north American birds, also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Toronto: Musson Book Co., c1914. url p. 321.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. 50 1936 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url sheppard, hurlburt & dickson , p. 149, p. 154, p. 185, p. 197, p. 232, p. 35, p. 466, p. 490, p. 51, p. 51, p. 53, p. 67.
• The Coues check list of North American birds [Elliott Coues]. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. url .
• The Great Basin naturalist. 49 1989 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 606.
• The Hope reports. Oxford: Printed for private circulation, 1897-1958. url p. 380.
• The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. url , p. 119, p. 57.
• The Natural history of the Toronto Region, Ontario, Canada / edited by J.H. Faull. -- Toronto: Canadian Institute, 1913. url p. 228.
• The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 144, p. 376, p. 43.
• The Oo?logist for the student of birds, their nests and eggs. Albion, N.Y.: Frank H. Lattin, 1886- url p. 126, p. 131, p. 137, p. 151, p. 186, p. 225, p. 27, p. 48, p. 58, p. 6, p. 81, p. 84.
• The Ornithologist and botanist. Binghamton, N.Y.: [J.E. Blain, 1891-1892] url p. 62.
• The Osprey. Galesburg, Ill.: The Osprey Co., 1897-1902. url p. 162.
• The Proceedings and transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Halifax, Nova Scotian Institute of Science. url p. 407.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 100, p. 56.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 169, p. 658.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 7 1913 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 151, p. 564.
• The Victorian naturalist. [Melbourne]Field Naturalists Club of Victoria. url p. 47.
• The Warbler. Floral Park: Mayflower Pub. Co., [1903-1913] url p. 90.
• The Wilson bulletin. Columbus, Ohio: Wilson Ornithological Society, 1894- url p. 121, p. 123, p. 124, p. 13, p. 144, p. 174, p. 174, p. 211, p. 24, p. 285, p. 39, p. 49, p. 5, p. 54, p. 55, p. 85, p. 86, p. 87, p. 9.
• The avifauna of Louisiana, with an annotated list of the birds of the State [by] Geo. E. Beyer. New Orleans, La., 1900. url p. 31.
• The bird book, illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds, also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs, Worcester, Mass., C. K. Reed, 1914. url .
• The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds; also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1915. url p. 321.
• The bird rookeries of the Tortugas. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1919. url p. 499.
• The birds of Albany County; a catalogue of the species recorded in this vicinity with notes on their lives and habits, and brief field-marks for aid in identification. Containing one plate from a water-color by William S. Barkentin; ten plates from pen and ink drawings by George Louis Richard, and eleven half-tones from photographs. Albany, N. Y.[Press of Brandow printing co.]1907. url p. 95.
• The birds of Amherst and vicinity, including nearly the whole of Hampshire county, Massachusetts. Amherst, Mass., Press of Carpenter & Morehouse, 1906. url p. 70.
• The birds of Amherst and vicinity: including nearly the whole of Hampshire County, Massachusetts / Amherst, Mass.: Carpenter & Morehouse, 1906. url .
• The birds of Colorado / Fort Collins, Colo.: State Agricultural College, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1897. url , .
• The birds of Connecticut, Hartford, Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1913. url , , , .
• The birds of Connecticut, by John Hall Sage and Louis Bennett Bishop, assisted by Walter Parks Bliss. Hartford, Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1913. url p. 113, p. 113, p. 191, p. 191, p. 242, p. 242, p. 310, p. 310.
• The birds of El Salvador, by Donald R. Dickey and A. J. Van Rossem. 23 1938 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1938. url p. 527.
• The birds of Erie and Presque Isle, Erie County, Pennsylvania / Pittsburgh?: s.l., 1904? url , .
• The birds of Essex County, Massachusetts. By Charles Wendell Townsend, M.D. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1905. url p. 246.
• The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin / by Charles B. Cory. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1909. url p. 179, p. 560, p. 734, p. 756.
• The birds of Indiana. A descriptive catalogue of the birds that have been observed within the state, with an account of their habits. Indianapolis, Indiana Dept. of Geology and Natural Resources, 1898 url p. 898.
• The birds of Indiana: a descriptive catalog of the birds that have been observed within the state, with an account of their habits / by Amos W. Butler. Indianapolis: W. B. Burford, Contractor for State Printing, 1898 url p. 898.
• The birds of Indiana; a descriptive catalog of the birds that have been observed within the state, with an account of their habits. Indianapolis, W. B. Burford, Contractor for State Printing, 1898 url .
• The birds of Maine; with key to and description of the various species known to occur or to have occured in the state, an account of their distribution and migration, showing their relative abundance in the various count by Ora Willis Knight. .. Bangor, Me.[printed by C. H. Glass & co.]1908. url p. 349.
• The birds of Manitoba by Ernest E. Thompson. Washington: G.P.O., 1891. url .
• The birds of Massachusetts, Cambridge, Mass., 1901. url .
• The birds of Massachusetts, by Reginald Heber Howe and Glover Morrill Allen. Cambridge, Mass., 1901. url p. 114, p. 114.
• The birds of New England and adjacent states. ..: arranged by a long-approved classification and nomenclature. .. with illustrations of many species of the birds, and accurate figures of their eggs / by Edward A. Samuels; with an appendix containing supplementary notes. Boston: Lockwood, Brooks, 1880. url , p. 346.
• The birds of New Jersey / by Witmer Stone. Trenton: J.L. Murphy Pub. Co., 1909. url p. 213.
• The birds of North America: one hundred and nineteen artistic colored plates representing the different species and varieties drawn and colored from nature: including a copious text giving a popular account of their habits and 1903 New York: Published under the auspices of the Natural Science Association of America, 1903. url p. 147.
• The birds of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the higher groups, genera, species, and subspecies of birds known to occur in North America, from the Arctic lands to the Isthmus of Panama, the West Indies and other island Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1901- url , , , , .
• The birds of Ohio; a complete scientific and popular description of the 320 species of birds found in the state, Columbus, The Wheaton Publishing Co., 1903, [c1902] url , .
• The birds of Ohio; a revised catalogue, [Columbus?]Academy of Science, 1903. url .
• The birds of Ontario being a list of birds observed in the Province of Ontario, with an account of their habits, distribution, nests, eggs, &c. / by Thomas McIlwarith. Hamilton, [Ont.]: Hamilton Association, 1886. url , .
• The birds of Ontario, being a list of birds observed in the province of Ontario, with an account of their habits, distribution, nests, eggs &c., by Thomas McIlwraith, for the Migration committee of the American ornithologist's union. Pub. by the Hamilton association. Hamilton, A. Lawson & co., printers, 1886. url , p. 198.
• The birds of Ontario; being a concise account of every species of bird known to have been found in Ontario with a description of their nests and eggs and instructions for collecting birds and preparing and preserving skins By Thomas McIlwraith. London, T. F. Unwin, 1894. url p. 285.
• The birds of Rhode Island n. p.c1899 url , .
• The birds of Rhode Island. [n. p.]1899. url p. 14, p. 68.
• The birds of Somerset Hills / by John Dryden Kuser. [New Jersey]: Published by the author, 1912 url p. 140.
• The birds of Somerset hills / by John Dryden Kuser. [New Jersey]: Published by the author, 1912 url p. 140.
• The birds of Springfield and vicinity / Springfield, Mass.: Henry R. Johnson, l901. url .
• The birds of Texas; an annotated check list, Waco, Tex., The University, 1912. url .
• The birds of Virginia, Lynchburg, Va., J. P. Bell Company, Inc., 1913. url , .
• The birds of eastern North America known to occur east of the nineteenth meridian. .. By Charles B. Cory. Boston, Bay State Pub. Co., 1900, c1899. url p. 368.
• The birds of eastern North America: known to occur east of the ninetieth meridian / by Charles B. Cory. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1899. url p. 368.
• The birds of the Cambridge region of Massachusetts. Cambridge, Mass., The Club, 1906. url .
• The birds of the Chicago area / [Chicago, Jennings and Graham], 1907. url .
• The birds of the Chicago area, by Frank Morley Woodruff. .. [Chicago, Printed by Jennings and Graham]1907. url p. 124.
• The birds of the Lake St. Martin region, Manitoba / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1937. url p. 44.
• The birds of the Santa Marta region of Colombia: a study in altitudinal distribution. Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, 1922 url , .
• The birds of the West Indies. Including all speciesknown to occur in the Bahama Islands, the Greater Antilles, the Caymans, and the Lesser Antilles, excepting the islands of Tobago and Trinidad. By Charles B. Cory. Boston, Estes & Lauriat, 1889. url p. 105.
• The blessed birds; or, Highways and byways, Buffalo, N.Y., O. Ulbrich, [c1890]. url .
• The book of birds, common birds of town and country and American game birds, by Henry W. Henshaw. Illustrated in natural colors with 250 paintings, by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; with chapters of "Encouraging birds around the home, " by F. H. Kennard; "The mysteries of bird migratio 1918 Washington, D. C.: National Geographic Society, 1918. url p. 28.
• The book of birds; common birds of town and country and American game birds, by Henry W. Henshaw; illustrated in natural colors with 250 paintings by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Washington, D.C., National geographic society[1921] url p. 28.
• The breeding birds of Pennsylvania. 1913. url .
• The changing Illinois environment: critical trends: technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Springfield, Ill.: Ill. Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, 1994. url p. 150.
• The code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union; being the report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature. New York, 1886. url p. 252, p. 252, p. 252.
• The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny, by Charles Paul Alexander. Ithaca, 1920 url p. 724.
• The crane-flies of New York. [Ithaca]1919-1920. url p. 724.
• The crawfishes of Michigan, by A. S. Pearse. The insect galls of Michigan, by Mel. T. Cook. The birds of School Girl's Glen region, Ann Arbor, Michigan: a study in local ornithology, by A. D. Tinker. Preliminary list of the site Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford co., state printers, 1910. url p. 52.
• The distribution of bird-life in Colombia; a contribution to a biological survey of South America, New York, Pub. by order of the trustees, 1917. url , , , .
• The hawks and owls of the United States in their relation to agriculture. .. By A. K. Fisher. .. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1893. url p. 50.
• The history of Upshur county, West Virginia, from its earliest exploration and settlement to the present time. .. Buckhannon?W. Va., pref.1907 url p. 374.
• The natural history and topography of Groton, Massachusetts / by Samuel Abbott Green. .. [Cambridge, J. Wilson and Son]1912-14. url p. 37.
• The natural history of the Toronto region, Ontario, Canada / edited by J.H. Faull. Toronto: Canadian Institute, 1913. url p. 228.
• The naturalist of the Saint Croix. Memoir of George A. Boardman. A selection from his correspondence and published writings, notices of friends and contemporaries, with his list of the birds of Maine and New Brunswick. By Samuel Lane Boardman... Bangor, Priv. print., 1903. url p. 305, p. 305, p. 305.
• The naturalist's guide in collecting and preserving objects of natural history: with a complete catalogue of the birds of eastern Massachusetts / by C.J. Maynard; with illustrations by E.L. Weeks. Boston: S.E. Cassino & Co., 1883, c1877. url p. 123.
• The oist. Albion, N.Y.: Frank H. Lattin, 1886-1941. url p. 126, p. 186, p. 225, p. 46, p. 46, p. 58, p. 6.
• The oologists' hand-book: 1885 catalogue of American birds' eggs, and oological supplies, with prices at which they may be obtained of / Frank H. Lattin. Rochester (N.Y.): John P. Smith, Printer, 1885. url p. 26.
• The ornithology of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Boston, R. G. Badger, [c1919] url .
• The ornithology of Illinois / [by Robert Ridgway and S.A. Forbes]. Springfield, Ill., H.W. Rokker, printer, 1889-1895. url p. 320, p. 321, p. 36.
• The ornithology of Illinois. Part I. Descriptive catalogue. By Robert Ridgway. Part II. Economic ornithology. By S. A. Forbes. Pub. by the authority of the state Legislature. Springfield, Ill., H. W. Rokker, printer, 1889-95. url p. 27, p. 27, p. 32, p. 32, p. 320, p. 321, p. 321.
• The plum curculio. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1912. url p. 154, p. 247.
• The published writings of George Newbold Lawrence, 1844-1891 / by L. S. Foster. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1892. url p. 69.
• The second book of birds; bird families, by Olive Thorne Miller, with eight colored plates from designs by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and sixteen other full-page illustrations. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, 1901. url .
• The sequence of plumages and moults of the passerine birds of New York / Jonathan Dwight. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1900. url p. 114, p. 121, p. 121, p. 134, p. 134, p. 162, p. 162, p. 272, p. 272, p. 288, p. 343, p. 85, p. 85.
• The sport of bird-study / by Herbert Keightley Job; profusely illustrated with photographs from life by the author. New York: Macmillan, 1922, c1908. url p. 302.
• The standard catalogue of North American birds eggs. Albion, N.Y., F.H. Lattin, 1892. url p. 34.
• The vertebrates of the Cayuga Lake basin, N. Y., n.p., 1909? url , .
• The writings of John Burroughs. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, & co.[1895- ] url , , .
• Transactions of Vassar Brothers Institute, and its Scientific Section. Poughkeepsie, N.Y.: Vassar Brothers Institute, [1883-1896]. url p. 177.
• Transactions of the Canadian Institute. Toronto: Canadian Institute. url p. 241.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- url p. 172.
• Transactions of the Linnaean Society of New York. New York: The Society, 1882- url p. 135, p. 158.
• Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 14 1966 [San Diego]: The Society, 1905-1989. url p. 165.
• Transactions of the Scientific Association, Meriden, Conn. [Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Scientific Association], 1885. url p. 43.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 119, p. 120, p. 229, p. 262.
• Tulane studies in zoology. 8 New Orleans: Tulane University, 1953-1968. url , p. 98.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 10 1956 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 101, p. 121, p. 284, p. 347, p. 498, p. 580, p. 587, p. 633, fig. 8, page 641, p. 643.
• Vertebrates of Ontario, by C. W. Nash. Department of Education, Toronto. Printed by order of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario Toronto, L. K. Cameron, 1908 url p. 59.
• Vertebrates of Ontario. TorontoPrint. by order of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by L.K. Cameron1908 url p. 59.
• Visitors' guide to the collection of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. .. New York, Printed for the Museum, 1888. url p. 62.
• Visitors' guide to the local collection of birds in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City: with an annotated list of the birds known to occur within fifty miles of New York City / by Frank M. Chapman. New York: Printed for the Museum, 1894. url p. 54.
• Wake-Robin, by John Burroughs. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin[1899] url p. 231.
• Wake-robin / by John Burroughs. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, c1899. url p. 231.
• Ways of nature, by John Burroughs. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1905. url , p. 277.
• Western birds, by Harriet Williams Myers. New York, The Macmillan company, 1922. url p. 135.
• What bird is that? A pocket museum of the land birds of the eastern United States, arranged according to season. New York, D. Appleton[c1920] url .
• Wild birds in city parks; being hints on identifying 200 birds, prepared primarily for the spring migration in Lincoln Park, Chicago, but adapted to other localities, by Herbert Eugene Walter and Alice Hall Walter. [St. Johnsbury, Vt., Press of the St. Johnsbury republican co.]1910. url p. 34.
• Wildbirds of New York / by Chester A. Reed. Mohonk Lake, N.Y.: Mohonk Salesrooms, c1912. url p. 50.
• Winter sunshine, by John Burroughs. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, c1917. url p. 240.
• Year book - Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington url p. 195.
• Yearbook of agriculture. WashingtonU.S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 197.
• Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1895-1920. url p. 197.
• Zoological series / Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey, 1892-1912. url p. 280.
• Zoological series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892-1912. url p. 280.
• [Collected reprints, 1902-1928. s.l., s.n.19--] url .

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2009. Icterus spurius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 06, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• National Aviary, Pittsburgh, PA
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 06, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8001
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179064
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13823494
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179064
• IUCN ID: 216040
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBXB9070
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 275

Footnotes

1. Mean = 28.750 meters (94.324 feet), Standard Deviation = 44.970 based on 137,723 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.