Gallinago media

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Near Threatened

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: Behaviour This species is migratory5. It breeds from mid-May to early-July and nests solitarily, although it has a polygamous mating system5. Males form leks after sunset5 from May to July, each lek holding 5-30 males11. The departure from the breeding grounds occurs from early-August onwards, with the species arriving on its wintering grounds just after the rainy season5. It is generally solitary on migration although groups of up to 10 have been recorded10. On the non-breeding grounds it is also predominantly solitary but sometimes occurs in small scattered flocks10. It usually forages singly or in small groups5. The return northward migration occurs on a broad front across Africa between March and April5. The southern breeding birds go directly to their breeding grounds, while the northern breeding birds probably use more southern roosting sites while waiting for the breeding areas to become available in early June. Habitat Breeding Nesting habitats include flood-plain and tussock meadows, natural fens with scattered bushes and peatlands up to 1,200 m1 in lowland interior taiga and wooded tundra10. In the Scandinavian mountains it breeds along the tree line . It shows a preference for habitats rich in sub-surface invertebrates and medium density scrub cover for nesting, often in wide river valleys5. Although generally associated with moist to wet terrain, it is tolerant of wooded, and occasionally well-drained sites that adjoin bogs or marshes10. A considerable area of marshy ground may be essential for display purposes10. Many sites are fringed wth willow Salix, alder Alnus and Birch Betula growing as scrub or woodland, or burnt areas in course of regrowth10. It favours areas where the ground is covered with mosses, lichens and dead and decaying leaves11. Juveniles are often found around springs in steppe , or even in wheatfields10. Non-breeding On migration it occurs in drier meadows but also on sedge marshes with G. gallinago. It gathers on wet high-plateau grasslands in Ethiopia1 before these dry out in October, after which it follows the rains south and west5. During the winter it frequents wetland areas, including marshlands and short grass or sedges on lake edges or in flooded fields5. It is also found in drier habitats such as moorland, sand dunes11, tracks in wooded areas, in plough furrows and occasionally at puddles on dirt roads or in old cultivation10. Diet Its diet consists predominantly of earthworms as well as gastropods , adult and larval terrestrial insects (beetles, tipulids), and the seeds of marsh plants5. Breeding site The nest is a shallow depression with a slight lining of grass or moss10. It is situated on the ground or on grassy tussocks in swamps11. It is often completely concealed in thick vegetation5 but may be fairly exposed11. .

[2].

List of Habitats:

•     2     Savanna   
  
•     2.1     Savanna - Dry   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.3     Shrubland - Boreal   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.2     Grassland - Subarctic   
  
•     4.6     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded   
  
•     4.7     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps , Fens, Peatlands   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Gallinago media (Latham, 1787)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Gallinago

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species and subspecies in this genus:

G. andina (Puna Snipe) · G. delicata (Wilson's Snipe) · G. gallinago (Wilson's Snipe) · G. gallinago faroeensis (Common Snipe) · G. hardwickii (Australian Snipe) · G. imperialis (Imperial Snipe) · G. jamesoni (Jameson's Snipe) · G. macrodactyla (Madagascar Snipe) · G. media (Solitary Snipe) · G. megala (SwinhoeÌs Snipe) · G. nemoricola (Himalayan Snipe) · G. nigripennis (Ethiopian Snipe) · G. nigripennis nigripennis (Ethiopian Snipe) · G. nobilis (Noble Snipe) · G. paraguaiae (South American Snipe) · G. solitaria (Solitary Snipe) · G. solitaria solitaria (Eastern Solitary Snipe) · G. stenura (Pin-Tailed Snipe) · G. stricklandii (Strickland's Snipe) · G. undulata (Giant Snipe) · G. undulata undulata (Giant Snipe)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A List of British birds / London: British Ornithologists' Union, 1915. url , .
• A List of British birds / London: John Van Voorst, 1883. url .
• A List of birds' eggs in the collection of Mr. William Stoate, Wembdon, Bridgewater. [188-?] url p. 37.
• A catalogue of the birds of Kansas. Topeka, Kansas Pub. House, 1883. url .
• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. url p. 100, p. 7.
• A dictionary of birds, London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. url p. 883.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker. .. Charles S. Roy. .. and Robert W. Shufeldt. .. London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. url p. 883, p. 883.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. url p. 189.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting. .. London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. url p. 199.
• A handbook of British birds: showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants / by J. E. Harting. London: J. van Voorst, 1872. url , , p. 51.
• A handbook to the birds of Egypt, by G.E. Shelley. London: John Van Voorst, 1872. url p. 249.
• A handbook to the vertebrate fauna of north Wales. London, Witherby & Co., 1919. url p. 63.
• A history of British birds, with coloured illustrations of their eggs. By Henry Seebohm. .. London, Pub. for the author by R.H. Porter [etc.]1883-85. url p. 237.
• A history of British birds. By the Rev. F.O. Morris. .. 6 1862 London, Groombridge and Sons, [1862?-1867?] url p. 14.
• A history of birds / London: Methuen & Co., [1910] url .
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• A history of the birds of Ceylon / London: Published by the author, 1880 [i.e. 1878-1880] url p. 821.
• A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url p. 268, p. 631, p. 641.
• A list of British birds / compiled by a committee of the British Ornithologists' Union. London: J. van Voorst, 1883. url p. 166.
• A list of British birds, comp. by a committee of the British ornithologists' union. London: British ornithologists' union, 1915. url , p. 213, p. 389.
• A natural history of the nests and eggs of British birds. By the Rev. F.O. Morris. London, J.C. Nimmo, 1892. url p. 36.
• A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to Observations on British ornithology. By Thomas Forster. London, Printed by and for Nichols, son, and Bentley, 1817. url p. 57.
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• Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum / by G.R. Gray. London, 1863. url p. 9.
• Catalogue of British birds in the collection of the British Museum. London, Printed by order of the trustees, 1863. url .
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• Check-list of North American birds, New York, American ornithologists' union, 1910. url .
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• In wildest Africa, by C.G. Schillings, Tr. by Frederic Whyte. With over 300 photographic studies direct from the author's negatives, taken by day and night; and other illustrations. London: Harper & brothers, 1907. url p. 333.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2008. Gallinago media. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

• BeBIF Provider, Royal Museum of Central Africa - Albertian Rift Birds
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Sweden, Bird Ringing Centre in Sweden
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, National System of Proetcted Areas
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• National Chemical Laboratory, IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
• University of Gdansk, Bird Migration Research Station, Ringing Data from the Bird Migration Research Station, University of Gdańsk
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8095
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176704
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176704
• IUCN ID: 210446
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 5318

Footnotes

1. Mean = 28.810 meters (94.521 feet), Standard Deviation = 45.610 based on 130,601 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2008. Gallinago media. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.