Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
dwarf salamander
Description
Physical Description
Species Eurycea quadridigitata
2-3 in. (5-7.5 cm). Coloration of body is bronze with dark brown or black stripes running down the back. The belly is bright yellow. There are four toes on the hind feet.
Habitat
Usually found under leaf litter , logs and stones in wet forests , swamps , and pine savanna ponds .
Ecology:
It can be found in low swampy areas, margins
of pine savannah ponds
,
and bottomland
forests
. It hides under logs
or other debris
during
day. In Alabama, peaks in terrestrial
activity coincided with late
fall-early winter rains (Trauth 1983). It lays
eggs
in seepage areas
or near the edge
of shallow ponds on undersides of logs or leaves,
under or on sphagnum or pine needles
, or on rootlets
beneath
logs.
[1].
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.4 Forest - Temperate
- 5 Wetlands (inland)
- 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands
- 5.7 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
- 5.9 Wetlands (inland) - Freshwater Springs and Oases [more info]
Biology
Reproduction
Females lay around 22 eggs sometime in the late fall . The eggs are found in mossy areas, pine needles or leaves. The larvae is aquatic and transforms in late spring .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Amphibia
()
- Gray, 1825
- Subclass:
Lissamphibia
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Infraclass:
Lissamphibia
()
- Order:
Caudata
()
- Scopoli, 1777
- Suborder:
Ambystomatoidea
()
- Family:
Plethodontidae
()
- Gray, 1850
- Subfamily:
Spelerpinae
()
- Genus:
Eurycea
()
- Rafinesque, 1822
- Specific name:
quadridigitata
- (Holbrook, 1842)
- Scientific name: - Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook, 1842)
- Specific name:
quadridigitata
- (Holbrook, 1842)
- Genus:
Eurycea
(
- Subfamily:
Spelerpinae
(
- Family:
Plethodontidae
(
- Suborder:
Ambystomatoidea
(
- Order:
Caudata
(
- Infraclass:
Lissamphibia
(
- Subclass:
Lissamphibia
(
- Class:
Amphibia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Manculus quadridigitatus (Holbrook • Manculus quadridigitatus paludicolus Mittleman • Manculus quadridigitatus uvidus Mittleman • Salamandra quadridigitata Holbrook
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
First described: Holbrook, John E. North American Herpetology;
or, A description
of the reptiles
inhabiting the United
States.
1032 pp., 1842.
Last scrutiny: 01-Sep-2009
This species might comprise multiple
species.[1].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Eurycea
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 32 species and subspecies in this genus:
E. aquatica (Jefferson County Salamander) · E. bislineata (Northern Two-Lined Salamander) · E. chamberlaini (Chamberlain's Dwarf Salamander) · E. chisholmensis (Salado Springs Salamander) · E. cirrigera (Southeastern Two-Lined Salamander) · E. guttolineata (Holbrook's Triton) · E. junaluska (Junaluska Salamander) · E. latitans (Cascade Caverns Salamander) · E. longicauda (Three-Lined Salamander) · E. longicauda longicauda (Longtail Salamander) · E. longicauda melanopleura (Dark-Sided Salamander) · E. lucifuga (Cave Salamander) · E. multiplicata (Many-Ribbed Salamander) · E. multiplicata griseogaster (Graybelly Salamander) · E. multiplicata multiplicata (Many-Ribbed Salamander) · E. nana (San Marcos Salamander) · E. naufragia (San Gabriel Springs Salamander) · E. neotenes (Texas Salamander) · E. pterophila (Blanco River Springs Salamander) · E. quadridigitata (Dwarf Salamander) · E. rathbuni (Texas Blind Salamander) · E. robusta (Robust Blind Salamander) · E. sosorum (Barton Springs Salamander) · E. spelaea (Grotto Salamander) · E. spelaeus (Grotto Salamander) · E. tonkawae (Jollyville Plateau Salamander) · E. tridentifera (Comal Blind Salamander) · E. troglodytes (Eurycea Troglodytes Complex) · E. tynerensis (Texas Neotenic Salamander) · E. wallacei (Georgia Blind Salamander) · E. waterlooensis (Austin Blind Salamander) · E. wilderae (Blue Ridge Two-Lined Salamander)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A manual of land and fresh water vertebrate animals of the United States (exclusive of birds) by Henry Sherring Pratt. .. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., inc.[c1935] url p. 154.
- Essentials of zoology, emphasizing principles of animal biology. St. Louis, Mosby, 1948. url p. 105.
- FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 85.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 18, 2012.
- Geoffrey Hammerson 2004. Eurycea quadridigitata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 08, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
- Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 08, 2008:
- California Academy of Sciences: CAS Herpetology Collection Catalog
- Carnegie Museums: Amphibians and Reptiles
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
- Sternberg Museum of Natural History: Herp Collection
- Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 25850
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-173695
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 173695
- IUCN ID: 209309
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AAAAD05091
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 7115
Footnotes
- Geoffrey Hammerson 2004. Eurycea quadridigitata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
