Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Themis Forester
Description
Family Nymphalidae
'The Nymphalidae are members
of the Superfamily
Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Distributed worldwide, butterflies of this family
are especially rich in the tropics. They are highly variable, and there are more species in this family than in any other. Adults
vary in size from small to large, and their front legs
are reduced, unable to be used for walking. Wing
shape
is also highly variable: some species have irregular margins
(anglewings and commas), and others have long taillike projections (daggerwings). Browns, oranges, yellows, and blacks are frequent colors, while iridescent
colors such as purples and blues are rare. Adults of some groups are the longest-lived butterflies, surviving 6-11 months. Adult feeding behavior depends on the species, where some groups primarily seek flower nectar while others only feed
on sap
flows
, rotting fruit, dung, or animal carcasses. Males exhibit
perching
and patrolling
behaviors when seeking mates. Egg-laying
varies widely, as some species lay eggs
in clustsers, others in columns, and others singly. Caterpillar appearance
and behavior vary widely. Brushfoots overwinter
as larvae or adults.
'[1]
Subfamily Limenitidinae
The Limenitidinae are members of the Family Nymphalidae. These admirals and relatives are found on most continents. Adults of most genera are characterized by their flap-and-glide flight. Caterpillar and chrysalis structure defines this group.[2]
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [3].
Ecology:
This butterfly is found in all types
of forest
, including disturbed
forest, except the wettest in the nominate
subspecies
(Larsen 2005).
The larval food plant may be Deimbollia pinnata
(Sapindaceae) (Vuattoux and Blandin 1979), but this record
probably
refers to E. laboureana (Larsen 2005).[3].
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
)
- A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
)
- Cuvier
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
)
- Latreille, 1829
- Arthropods
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
)
- Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
)
- Heymons, 1901
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
)
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
)
- Class:
Insecta
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Insects
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
)
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
)
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
)
- Superorder:
Panorpida
(
)
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
)
- Family:
Nymphalidae
(
)
- Brushfooted Butterflies
- Subfamily:
Limenitidinae
(
)
- Admirals
- Tribe:
Adoliadini
(
)
- Genus:
Euphaedra
(
)
- Hübner, 1819
- Specific name:
themis
- H?bner, 1807
- Scientific name: - Euphaedra themis H?bner, 1807
- Specific name:
themis
- H?bner, 1807
- Genus:
Euphaedra
(
- Tribe:
Adoliadini
(
- Subfamily:
Limenitidinae
(
- Family:
Nymphalidae
(
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
- Superorder:
Panorpida
(
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
- Class:
Insecta
(
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Some of the western specimens pertain to the composita-form,
which might be a distinct
species or a morph
of the same species.
The taxonomy of these species is still in flux. It cannot be treated
as a subspecies
since it is sympatric with E.
themis throughout and is just possibly a distinct species.
It will need close study in an area of sympatry to be sure (Larsen
2005).[3].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Euphaedra
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 10 species and subspecies in this genus:
E. crossei (Crosse's Forester) · E. delera (Brown Ceres Forester) · E. eupalus (Western Blue-Banded Forester) · E. losinga (Dark Brown Forester) · E. modesta (Modest Themis Forester) · E. piriformis (Pear-Banded Forester) · E. plantroui (Plantrous Forester) · E. simplex (Simple Orange Forester) · E. splendens (Splendid Themis Forester) · E. themis (Themis Forester)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Arkiv för zoologi / utgivet af K. Svenska vetenskaps-akademien. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & soner, 1903-1974. SWE url p. 6.
- Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde: eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge / von Professor Dr. Adalbert Seitz. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen, 1909- GER url p. 186.
- IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.2). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 November 2011).
- Larsen, T.B. 2005. Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books.
- Vuattoux, R. and Blandin, P. 1979. Les lepidopteres Nymphalides de Lamto. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan. Série E 12: 141–158.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
- Larsen, T.B. 2011. Euphaedra themis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2980148
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Lep-162986.0
- IUCN ID: 208959
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1569928
Footnotes
- http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/taxonomy?f=18&sci=Nymphalidae&com=Brush-footed Butterflies [back]
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=None&search=Search [back]
- Larsen, T.B. 2011. Euphaedra themis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
