Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Carolina Lance
Description
Habitat
Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 1,342 meters (4,403 feet).[1]
Biome: Freshwater [2].
Ecology:
This habitat
specialist
is found in deep run river
habitats with
coarse
sand
or gravel
and a swift current
(NatureServe 2009). Bogan
and Alderman (2008) found this species in sand and sandy gravel often
along the edges
of aquatic
vegetation.
The fish host
for this species is unknown.[2].
List of Habitats:
- 5 Wetlands (inland)
- 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls ) [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Protostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Lophotrochozoa
()
- Superphylum:
Eutrochozoa
()
- Phylum:
Mollusca
()
- (C. Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1795
- Molluscs
- Class:
Bivalvia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Bivalves
- Subclass:
Metabranchia
()
- Superorder:
Eulamellibranchia
()
- Order:
Unionida
()
- Superfamily:
Unionacea
()
- Family:
Unionidae
()
- Rafinesque, 1820
- Subfamily:
Pleurobeminae
()
- Genus:
Elliptio
()
- Rafinesque, 1819
- Specific name:
angustata
- Lea, 1831
- Scientific name: - Elliptio angustata Lea, 1831
- Specific name:
angustata
- Lea, 1831
- Genus:
Elliptio
(
- Subfamily:
Pleurobeminae
(
- Family:
Unionidae
(
- Superfamily:
Unionacea
(
- Order:
Unionida
(
- Superorder:
Eulamellibranchia
(
- Subclass:
Metabranchia
(
- Class:
Bivalvia
(
- Phylum:
Mollusca
(
- Superphylum:
Eutrochozoa
(
- Infrakingdom:
Lophotrochozoa
(
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001
The classification of the Atlantic Slope
species of Elliptio,
including Elliptio angustata, is currently in a state of
confusion. Johnson (1970) grouped many named taxa under a single
name and synonymized Elliptio angustata under Elliptio
lanceolata. However, Turgeon et al.
(1998) and Graf
and Cummings (2007) include them as distinct
species.
A
list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project
web site (Graf and Cummings 2011).[2].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Elliptio
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 44 species and subspecies in this genus:
E. ahenea (Southern Lance) · E. angustata (Carolina Lance) · E. arca (Alabama Spike) · E. arctata (Delicate Spike) · E. buckleyi (Florida Shiny Spike) · E. chipolaensis (Chipola Slabshell) · E. cistellaeformis (Box Spike) · E. complanata (Eastern Elliptio) · E. complanata complanata (Eastern Elliptio) · E. congaraea (Carolina Slabshell) · E. crassidens (Elephantear Mussel) · E. crassidens crassidens (Elephant Ear) · E. cylindracea (Sad Elliptio) · E. dariensis (Georgia Elephant-Ear) · E. dilatata (Spike) · E. downiei (Satilla Elephant-Ear) · E. errans (Oval Elliptio) · E. fisheriana (Northern Lance) · E. folliculata (Pod Lance) · E. fraterna (Brother Spike) · E. fraternum (Brother Spike) · E. hepatica (Brown Elliptio) · E. hopetonensis (Altamaha Slabshell) · E. icterina (Variable Spike) · E. jayensis (Flat Spike) · E. judithae (Plicate Spike) · E. judithae judithae (Plicate Spike) · E. lanceolata (Yellow Lance) · E. lugubris (Sad Elliptio) · E. macmichaeli (Fluted Elephant-Ear) · E. marsupiobesa (Cape Fear Spike) · E. mcmichaeli (Fluted Elephantear) · E. monroensis (St Johns Elephantear) · E. nigella (Recovery Pearly Mussel) · E. producta (Atlantic Spike) · E. purpurella (Inflated Spike) · E. pusillus (Kalimantan Ilisha) · E. raveneli (Carolina Spike) · E. roanokensis (Roanoke Slabshell) · E. shepardiana (Altamaha Lance) · E. spinosa (Altamaha Spinymussel) · E. steinstansana (Tar River Spinymussel) · E. waccamawensis (Waccamaw Spike) · E. waltoni (Florida Lance)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Bogan, A.E, Levin, J. and Raley, M. 2009. Determination of the systematic position and relationships of the lanceolata Elliptio complex (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) from six river basins in Virginia.
- Bogan, A.E. and Alderman, J. 2008. Workbook and key to the freshwater bivalves of South Carolina.
- Graf, D.L. and Cummings, K.S. 2007. Review of the systematics and global diversity of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Journal of Molluscan Studies 73: 291-314.
- Graf, D.L. and Cummings, K.S. 2011. The MUSSEL Project Database: MUSSELp. Available at: www.mussel-project.net. (Accessed: 18/08/2011).
- IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.2). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 November 2011).
- Johnson, R.I. 1970. The systematics and zoogeography of the Unionidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of the southern Atlantic slope region. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 140(6): 263-449.
- NatureServe. 2009. NatureServe Explore: An online encyclopaedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. Arlington, Virginia Available at: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/.
- Turgeon, D.D., Quinn, Jr. J.F., Bogan, A.E., Coan, E.V., Hochberg, F.G., Lyons, W.G., Mikkelsen P.M., Neves, R.J., Roper, C.F.E., Rosenberg, G., Roth, B., Scheltema, A., Thompson, F.G., Vecchione, M. and Williams, J.D. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Mollusks.
- Williams, J.D., Warren, M.L.Jr., Cummings, K.S., Harris, J.L. and Neves, R.J. in press. Conservation status of freshwater mussels of North America and Mexico.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Bogan, A.E. 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
- Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. 2011. Elliptio angustata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Academy of Natural Sciences: Academy of Natural Sciences Malacology Database
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Mollusc Collection - Unionoida
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2692522
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-79973
- IUCN ID: 207146
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 705313
Footnotes
- Standard Deviation = 2,206.060 based on 15 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. 2011. Elliptio angustata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]
