Dermochelys coriacea

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

In this remarkable sea turtle, the entire upper shell has been broken up into a mosaic of small plates set in a leathery skin . The species is no longer considered as primitive or ancestral, but appears to be a highly specialized form closely related to other true turtles. Attaining a length of eight feet, this is the largest living turtle. Protected, under U.S. law, as an endangered species.

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

While found in any salt water environment, leatherbacks spend most of their time far offshore. Leatherbacks have a unique ability to maintain their internal body temperature much higher than the surrounding water, therefore they can tolerate a wide range of temperatures.

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 29 meters (95 feet).[1]

Ecology: Main Habitats : Nest on sandy beaches. The juveniles may remain in tropical waters warmer than 26°C, near the coast, until they exceed 100 cm in curved carapace length . When adults , they are pelagic and live in open ocean, sometimes in temperatures below 10°C. There are very few sighting of males near the coast during the breeding season , only the females are near to the coast during the breeding season and go to the beach to nest.

Generation Length: The estimate of age to maturity for the species used by most authorities is based on a skeletochronological analysis by Zug and Parham (1996), that placed it at around 13-14 years. However, population-wide estimates of age are not currently practical and thus average age of parents are not known. Considering that most authorities agree that the life-span of leatherbacks is 30 years or more, then age to maturity plus one half of the reproductive life span (22 years) is taken as a reasonable approximation of generation length. If density dependence applies, the severely depleted status (see below) would argue that current growth rates are higher than natural and natural generation time may be longer than 22 years.

Degree of fragmentation : Genetic analyses have shown that the Pacific populations are very closely related, and distinct from those of the Atlantic, suggesting a degree of reproductive independence . However, the lineages in the two ocean basins are not as highly differentiated as found for analogous assemblages in other cheloniid species (Dutton et al. 1999).[2].

List of Habitats:

•     10     Marine Oceanic   
  
•     10.1     Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     12.2     Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars , Spits , Etc   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.3     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand Dunes   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Very little is known about this pelagic species. Foods are primarily jellyfish , but crustaceans, squid, octopus , and small fish are also eaten. One of the world's deepest diving air-breathing animals, this species has been recorded at depths over 1,000 m (3,300 ft ). It is believed that these deep dives are made in search of species of jellyfish that live at these depths.

Reproduction

The only recorded observation of mating in this turtle was in the month of April. Females return to nest only every 2 - 4 years. They come ashore at night and dig a flask-shaped cavity in moist sand , into which they lay an average of 80 - 90 eggs . The eggs generally hatch within 60 - 65 days and the young emerge from the nest at night to make their way to the sea . Leatherbacks nest from April to July in the weastern Atlantic, nesting on beachs of Central and South America, islands of the Caribbean in the Gulf of Mexico and as far north as Georgia along the Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Chelonia lutaria Rafinesque 1814 • Dermatochelys coriacea GÜnther 1864 • Dermatochelys porcata WAGLER 1830< /i> (Nomen Subst. Pro. T. Coriacea Linnaeus) • Dermochelis atlantica LESUEUR 1829< /i> (Nomen Nudum) • Dermochelys coriacea — Boulenger 1889 • Dermochelys coriacea — Cogger 2000: 185 • Dermochelys coriacea — Conant & Collins 1991: 77 • Dermochelys coriacea — Cox Et Al. 1998: 137 • Dermochelys coriacea — Engelmann Et Al 1993 • Dermochelys coriacea — Glaw & Vences 1994: 229 • Dermochelys coriacea — Liner 1994 • Dermochelys coriacea — Stebbins 1985: 107 • Sphargis angusta Philippi 1899 • Sphargis coriacea Gray 1831 • Sphargis coriacea var. schlegelii Garman 1884: 303 • Sphargis Coriacea — DumÉril & Bibron 1835: 560 • Sphargis mercurialis MERREM 1820< /i> (Nom. Subst. Pro. T. Coriacea Linnaeus) • Sphargis mercurialis — Gray 1873: 172 • Testudo arcuata Catesby 1771: 40 • Testudo coriacea • Testudo coriacea Vandelli 1761 • Testudo coriacea — Linnaeus 1766: 350 • Testudo lyra LacÉpÈde 1788: 111

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Holotype: ZMUP unnumbered specimen, identified by Fretey and Bour 1980, Boll. Zool. 47:193-205. In Italy only 2 specimen have been found: a dead one in Puglia district and another one in September 1996 a few miles north of Sardinia [E. RAZZETTI, pers. comm. ] Biggest turtle species known (max . 3 m in length and 800 kg in weight!).

Similar Species

Members of the genus Dermochelys

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3 species and subspecies in this genus:

D. coriacea (Leatherback) · D. coriacea coriacea (Leatherback Sea Turtle) · D. coriacea schlegeli (Leatherback Turtle)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 2, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Sarti Martinez, A.L. (Marine Turtle Specialist Group) 2000. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Sarti Martinez, A.L. 2000. Dermochelys coriacea. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
• Species At Risk Act Public Registry, Government of Canada
• TIGR Reptile Database . Release date: October 2, 2007
• Uetz, Peter. The Reptile Database

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 27, 2008:

• California Academy of Sciences: CAS Herpetology Collection Catalog
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: A Biological Survey of the Waters of Woods Hole and Vacinity
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Canada Maritimes Regional Cetacean Sightings (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: SEAMAP - marine mammals, birds and turtles
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Taxonomic Information Sytem for the Belgian coastal area
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Herpetology Collection - Reptile Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research: Herp Collection
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UK National Biodiversity Network: National Biodiversity Network Trust - Marine Turtles
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2538844
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Rep-2331
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5213960
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 173843
• IUCN ID: 205066
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ARAAC01010
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: C00F
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 616

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 44.810 based on 140,987 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Sarti Martinez, A.L. 2000. Dermochelys coriacea. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.