Overview
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Extinct in the Wild |
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Interesting Facts
- The Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis) is now listed as Extinct in the Wild after the last two known wild individuals disappeared from Hawaii in 2002. Habitat alteration, collecting and shooting, introduced predators (e.g. , rats , the Indian mongoose) and predation from the native Hawaiian Hawk, and avian malaria and pox carried by introduced mosquitoes have contributed to the crow’s decline. Some individuals remain in captive breeding facilities and a reintroduction plan is being developed. (Ref 100465)
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Czech:
Vrána havajská
Common Names in English:
alala, Hawaiian Crow
Common Names in French:
Corneille d'Hawaï
Common Names in German:
Hawaiikrähe
Common Names in Hawaiian:
'alala
Common Names in Japanese:
ハワイガラス
Description
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [1].
Ecology:
It once inhabited dry to moist `ohi`a-koa forest
and woodlands, but
it later became confined to high mountain forest. It is omnivorous
,
but primarily feeds
on the fruit of native
understory
plants5,6.
As well as fruits and berries
, the species feeds on eggs
, young birds,
insects and carrion8. Captive-reared birds have
been observed using twigs
as tools to access
food8.
Nest
construction usually begins in March and the first clutches
are laid in April12.
[1].
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
- 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 3.6 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist
- 14 Artificial/Terrestrial
- 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Aves
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass:
Avialae
()
- Gauthier, 1986
- Infraclass:
Aves
()
- (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cohort:
Neognathae
()
- Pycraft, 1900
- Superorder:
Passerimorphae
()
- Sibley et al., 1988
- Order:
Passeriformes
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Order:
Passeriformes
(
- Superorder:
Passerimorphae
(
- Cohort:
Neognathae
(
- Infraclass:
Aves
(
- Subclass:
Avialae
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001
Similar Species
Members of the genus Corvus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 65 species and subspecies in this genus:
C. albicollis (White-Naped Raven) · C. albus (Pied Crow) · C. bennetti (Little Crow) · C. boreus (Relict Raven) · C. brachyrhynchos (Southern Crow) · C. brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos (American Crow) · C. brachyrhynchos paulus (American Crow) · C. capensis (Black Crow) · C. caurinus (North-Western Crow) · C. corax (Southwestern Raven) · C. corax clarionensis (Common Raven) · C. corax corax (Common Raven) · C. corax laurenci (Common Raven) · C. corax principalis (Common Raven) · C. corax sinuatus (Common Raven) · C. corone (Carrion Crow) · C. corone; cornix (Hooded Crow) · C. corone cornix (Hooded Crow) · C. coronoides (Australian Raven) · C. coronoides coronoides (Australian Raven) · C. crassirostris (Thick-Billed Raven) · C. cryptoleucus (White Nacked Ravan) · C. dauuricus (Daurian Jackdaw) · C. edithae (Somali Crow) · C. enca (Slender-Billed Crow) · C. florensis (Flores Crow) · C. frugilegus (Rook) · C. frugilegus frugilegus (Rook) · (Brown-Headed Crow) · C. hawaiiensis (Hawaiian Crow) · C. imparatus (Tamaulipas Crow) · C. jamaicensis (Jamaican Crow) · C. kubaryi (Guam Crow) · C. leucognaphalus (White-Necked Crow) · C. levaillantii (Jungle Crow) · C. macrorhynchos (Large-Billed Crow) · C. macrorhynchos macrorhynchos (Large-Billed Crow) · C. meeki (Bougainville Crow) · C. mellori (Little Raven) · C. minutus (Cuban Palm Crow) · C. monedula (Eurasian Jackdaw) · C. monedula monedula (Eurasian Crow) · C. monedula spermologus (Jackaw) · (New Caledonian Crow) · C. nasicus (Cuban Crow) · C. newtoni (Reunion Cuckoo-Shrike) · C. orru (Australian Crow) · C. orru orru (Australian Crow) · C. ossifragus (Fish Crow) · C. palmarum (Hispaniolan Palm Crow) · C. palmarum palmarum (Hispaniolan Palm Crow) · C. rhipidurus (Fan-Tailed Raven) · C. ruficollis (Brown-Necked Raven) · C. sinaloae (Sinaloan Crow) · C. splendens (Indian House Crow) · C. splendens splendens (Indian House Crow) · C. tasmanicus (Forest Raven) · C. tasmanicus tasmanicus (Forest Raven) · C. torquatus (Collared Crow) · C. tristis (Gray Crow) · C. tropicus (Hawaiian Crow) · C. typicus (Mauritius Cuckoo-Shrike) · C. unicolor (Banggai Crow) · C. validus (Long-Billed Crow) · C. woodfordi (Solomon Islands Crow)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1993 url p. 71.
- A key to the birds of the Hawaiian group. By William Alanson Bryan. .. Honolulu, H.I., Bishop Museum Press, 1901. url p. 66.
- A preliminary catalogue of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop museum of Polynesian ethnology and natural history. .. Honolulu, 1892-93. url p. 6.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 94 1944 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 122.
- Catalogue of the birds of the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean, in the collection of the British Museum / by George Robert Gray. London, 1859. url p. 24.
- Check-list of North American birds: the species of birds of North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and Hawaiian Islands / prepared by the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of the American Orni Lawrence, Kan.: American Ornithologists' Union, 1983. url p. 511, p. 804.
- Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 278.
- Fauna hawaiiensis; Cambridge, Eng., The University press, 1913. url p. 94.
- Fauna hawaiiensis; being the land-fauna of the Hawaiian islands. by various authors, 1899-1913. Cambridge [Eng.]: The University press, 1913. url p. 94.
- Hawaiian Pittospora. Some Mexican Coreopsideae. A note on Xylosma hawaiiense Seem. By Earl Edward Sherff. 22 1942 Chicago, 1942 url p. 562, p. 584.
- Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History. Honolulu: [Bishop Museum Press], 1899-1949. url , , p. 66, p. 71, p. VI.
- Natural history of Hawaii, being an account of the Hawaiian people, the geology and geography of the islands, and the native and introduced plants and animals of the group, Honolulu, Hawaii[Printed for the author by] the Hawaiian gazette co., ltd., 1915. url p. 335, p. 515.
- Occasional papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press, 1898-1984. url p. 131, p. 131, p. 14, p. 14, p. 15, p. 18, p. 18, p. 208, p. 208.
- Occasional papers. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press. url p. 14.
- Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 46, p. 46.
- The Auk. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union, etc., 1884- url p. 208, p. 387.
- The indigenous trees of the Hawaiian Islands / by Joseph F. Rock. Honolulu: J.F. Rock; 1913. url p. 166.
- World Checklist of Threatened Birds Joint Nature Conservation Committee url p. 231.
Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- BirdLife International 2010. Corvus hawaiiensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 10, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 10, 2008:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 4033
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179742
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14375937
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179742
- IUCN ID: 202177
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPAV10090
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: B004
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 346
Footnotes
- BirdLife International 2010. Corvus hawaiiensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]
