Charaxes etheocles

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Nymphalidae

'The Nymphalidae are members of the Superfamily Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Distributed worldwide, butterflies of this family are especially rich in the tropics. They are highly variable, and there are more species in this family than in any other. Adults vary in size from small to large, and their front legs are reduced, unable to be used for walking. Wing shape is also highly variable: some species have irregular margins (anglewings and commas), and others have long taillike projections (daggerwings). Browns, oranges, yellows, and blacks are frequent colors, while iridescent colors such as purples and blues are rare. Adults of some groups are the longest-lived butterflies, surviving 6-11 months. Adult feeding behavior depends on the species, where some groups primarily seek flower nectar while others only feed on sap flows , rotting fruit, dung, or animal carcasses. Males exhibit perching and patrolling behaviors when seeking mates. Egg-laying varies widely, as some species lay eggs in clustsers, others in columns, and others singly. Caterpillar appearance and behavior vary widely. Brushfoots overwinter as larvae or adults.

'[1]

Subfamily Charaxinae

The Charaxinae are members of the Family Nymphalidae. These leafwings and relatives are primarily a tropical group of medium to large-sized, robust , fast-flying butterflies. In North America, they are limited to the leafwings.[2]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Ecology: The habitat of this species is evergreen forest and it also penetrates drier forest and degraded forest (Larsen 2005). In Tanzania, it is found in forest and riverine vegetation above 1,100 m (Kielland 1990). T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2008) describes it as a robust species that can survive in pre-forest, riverine vegetation, and degraded habitats. It utilizes a wide range of larval host plants from the Ulmaceae, Rhamnaceae and Fabaceae (Van Someren 1974, Henning 1989, Heath et al. 2002, Larsen 2005).[3].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.8     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.6     Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Papilio etheocles

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

This butterfly has the four subspecies C. e. etheocles, C. etheocles carpenteri, C. etheocles evansi and C. etheocles ochracea. [3].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Charaxes

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. alpinus (Montane Charaxes) · C. bocqueti (Bocquets Demon Charaxes) · C. candiope (Green-Veined Charaxes) · C. catachrous (Silver Demon Charaxes) · C. etheocles (Demon Charaxes) · C. guderiana (Blue-Spangled Charaxes) · C. imperialis (Imperial Blue Charaxes)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A hand-book to the order Lepidoptera. By W.F. Kirby. .. London, E. Lloyd, limited, 1896-1897. url , , p. 185.
• A handbook to the order Lepidoptera. By W. F. Kirby. London, E. Lloyd, limited, 1896-1897. url , , p. 185.
• A naturalist on lake Victoria, with an account of sleeping sickness and the tse-tse fly, by G.D. Hale Carpenter. .. with 2 coloured plates, a map, charts, and 87 illustrations. London, T.F. Unwin ltd.[1920] url p. 241.
• Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New YorkAmerican Museum of Natural History1881- url p. 208, p. 349, p. 361.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1950-1977. url , p. 112, p. 121, p. 128, p. 130, p. 136, p. 344, p. 345, p. 346, p. 347, p. 77, p. 77, p. 84, p. 90, p. 92, p. 98, p. 99.
• Lepidoptera of the Congo: being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the American Museum of Natural History Congo Expedition: together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species. New York?, 1920 url p. 208, p. 349, p. 361.
• On a collection of butterflies. London, 1880-98 url , p. 255.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. London, Published for the Linnean Society of London by Academic Press [etc.], 1848-1968. url p. 32.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 266, p. 266.
• The Entomologist's monthly magazine. Oxford [etc.]Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Ltd. [etc.] url p. 140, p. 52, p. 53, p. 67.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url p. 103, p. 124, p. 170, p. 96.
• The Hope reports. Oxford: Printed for private circulation, 1897-1958. url p. 52, p. 53.
• Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. London, The Society. url , , , p. 241, p. 259, p. 321, p. 330, p. 330.
• Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. [London]: Published for the Zoological Society of London by Academic Press url p. 155.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 17, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Larsen, T.B. 2011. Charaxes etheocles. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2965104
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Lep-165028.0
• IUCN ID: 199426
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1572034

Footnotes

1. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/taxonomy?f=18&sci=Nymphalidae&com=Brush-footed Butterflies [back]
2. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Archaeoprepona&search=Search [back]
3. Larsen, T.B. 2011. Charaxes etheocles. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.