Charadrius melodus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

A small shore bird about 7 inches long with a sand-colored upper side and a white underside. They use the beaches for their wintering grounds . These birds may migrate as early as July.

Recovery Needs: Top needs for piping plover recovery include monitoring population trends, managing and protecting populations and their habitat , and further research on the general ecology of the species.

Near Threatened

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Piping plovers nest on sandy beaches along the ocean or lakes . Along rivers , piping plovers use the bare areas of islands or sandbars . They also nest on the pebbly mud of interior alkali lakes and ponds . Birds nesting on gravel have higher reproductive success than those nesting on alkali. During the winter, piping plovers use algal, mud, and sand flats along the Gulf Coast. Spoil islands in the intracoastal waterway are also used.

Vegetation: coastal sand beaches and mudflats • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Medium

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: It nests on sandy beaches, sandflats, barrier islands , alkali lakes , riverine sand/gravel bars , reservoirs , and sand/gravel pits7,9. Ephemeral pools , bay tidal flats and areas of open vegetation are all important brood-rearing habitats14. There is high winter site fidelity8,9 in sandy bays, lagoons , and algal-/mudflats3,7.

[2].

List of Habitats :

•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     5.5     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.4     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

The diet consists of crustaceans, insects, and mollusks. The food is usually found by probing into the sandy soil for the items.

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in late April and extends into late August. Breeding habitat is commonly coastal beaches with sand , gravel , or pebbles . The nest is a scrape created by both the male and female. The female lays 3-5 (usually 4) eggs that both adults incubate for 25-31 days. The young are precocial and leave the nest within a few hours of hatching . Both adults care for the young, but the female will sometimes stop caring for the young sooner than the male does. The young become independent 20-32 days after they hatch .

• Clutch Size: 4
• Length of Incubation : 25-31 days
• Days to Fledge : 20-32
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

First described: Corda In: Willd., Sp. pl., Edn 4 6(1):42, 1824.

Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996

Similar Species

Semipalmated Plover, Snowy Plover

Members of the genus Charadrius

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 60 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. alexandrinus (Western Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus alexandrinus (Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus dealbatus (Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus nivosus (Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus tenuirostris (Snowy Plover) · C. alticola (Puna Plover) · C. asiaticus (Caspian Plover) · C. australis (Inland Dotterel) · C. bicinctus (Banded Dotterel) · C. bicinctus bicinctus (Double-Banded Plover) · C. cinctus (Red-Kneed Dotterel) · C. collaris (Collared Plover) · C. dubius (Little Ringed Plover) · C. dubius charadrius (Little Ringed Plover) · C. dubius curonicus (Little Ringed Plover) · C. dubius dubius (Little Ringed Plover) · C. falklandicus (Two-Banded Plover) · C. forbesi (ForbesÌ Plover) · C. hiaticula (Common Ringed Plover) · C. hiaticula hiaticula (Common Ringed Plover) · C. hiaticula tundrae (Common Ringed Plover) · C. javanicus (Javan Sand Plover) · C. leschenaultii (Large Sand Dotterel) · C. leschenaultii leschenaultii (Greater Sand Plover) · C. marginatus (White-Fronted Sand Plover) · C. marginatus marginatus (White-Fronted Sand Plover) · C. melanops (Black-Fronted Plover) · C. melodus (Western Piping Plover) · C. melodus circumcinctus (Piping Plover) · C. melodus melodus (Piping Plover) · C. modestus (Rufous-Chested Dotterel) · C. mongolus (Short-Billed Sand Plover) · C. mongolus mongolus (Mongolian Plover) · C. mongolus stegmanni (Eastern Lesser Sand-Plover) · C. montanus (Mountain Plover) · C. morinellus (Eurasian Dotterel) · C. novaeseelandiae (Long-Billed Plover) · C. obscurus (Red-Breasted Dotterel) · C. obscurus obscurus (Red-Breasted Dotterel) · C. occidentalis (Snowy Plover) · C. pallidus (Chestnut-Banded Plover) · C. pecuarius (Kittlitz's Sand Plover) · C. pecuarius pecuarius (Kittlitz's Sand Plover) · C. peronii (Malaysian Sand Plover) · C. placidus (Long-Billed Ringed Plover) · C. rubricollis (Hooded Plover) · C. ruficapillus (Red-Capped Dotterel) · C. sanctaehelenae (St. Helena Sand Plover) · C. semipalmatus (Semipalmated Ring Plover) · C. thoracicus (Black-Banded Sand Plover) · C. tricollaris (Three-Banded Plover) · C. tricollaris tricollaris (Three-Banded Plover) · C. venustus (Chestnut-Banded Sand Plover) · C. veredus (Oriental Dotterel) · C. vociferous (Eastern Mew Gull) · C. vociferus (Kildeer Plover) · C. vociferus vociferus (Killdeer) · C. wilsonia (Thick-Billed Plover) · C. wilsonia beldingi (Wilson's Plover) · C. wilsonia wilsonia (Wilson's Plover)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A faunal investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario / Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1941. url p. 48.
• A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America / by Charles Lucian Bonaparte. London: J. Van Voorst, 1838. url p. 45.
• A list of the birds of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, Govt. print. off., 1920. url .
• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url .
• American ornithology, or, The natural history of the birds of the United States: illustrated with plates engraved from drawings from nature / by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucian Bonaparte. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, [1878?] url , p. 364.
• American ornithology: or, The natural history of the birds of the United States / Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, [187-?] url , .
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• American ornithology; or, the natural history of the birds of the United States, by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucian Bonaparte. Philadelphia, Porter & Coates[1878] url p. 364.
• An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. url p. 5, p. 66.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2006. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2008. Charadrius melodus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 10, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
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• Private Forest Management Team, Auburn University
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• The Georgia Museum of Natural History and Georgia Department of Natural Resources
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tulsa, Oklahoma Ecological Services

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 10, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bay of Fundy Species List (OBIS Canada)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8234
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176508
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2498402
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176507
• IUCN ID: 199404
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNNB03070
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: B079
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 283

Footnotes

1. Mean = 28.690 meters (94.127 feet), Standard Deviation = 44.920 based on 138,090 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2008. Charadrius melodus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.