Charadrius leschenaultii

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found in a lake with a depth of 0 to -4,563 meters (0 to -14,970 feet).[1]

Ecology: Behaviour This species is fully migratory, and is likely to migrate without stopping on a broad front between breeding and non-breeding areas1. Migratory flocks form after the end of breeding between mid-June and early-August, and arrive in the wintering grounds between mid-July and November (adults and immature birds arriving before juveniles )1. Those birds wintering in South-East Asia start moving northwards to the breeding grounds in late-February (the migration peaking in March to early-April), arriving from mid-March to May; whereas those wintering in East Africa and southern Asia depart for breeding grounds from mid-April to early-May1. Most non-adult wintering birds remain in the wintering areas during the breeding season1. The species is typically gregarious , feeding in flocks of 2-50, and sometimes congregating in groups of up to 1,000 when roosting1, 2. Habitat Breeding During the breeding season this species is predominantly found in open, dry, treeless, uncultivated areas up to 3,000 m1, 7, including dried mud , silt and clay flats, hard salt-pans overgrown with halophytic plants5, 7, and rocky plains near mountains in desert or semi-desert1, 5, 6. In Turkey the species frequents heavily grazed saline steppe1. The species usually breeds near water1 but exceptionally it will nest up to 20 km away from it7. Non-breeding During the non-breeding season this species shows a preference for littoral habitats2 with mixed sand and mud substrata4. It is found on sheltered sandy, shelly or muddy beaches, large intertidal mudflats , sandbanks, salt-marshes, estuaries, coral reefs, rocky islands1, tidal lagoons4 and dunes near the coast2, although it may sometimes feed on coastal grasslands3. Whilst on migration the species will occasionally utilise inland habitats such as salt-lakes and brackish swamps , usually roosting on sandbanks and spits1, 3. Diet This species is carnivorous : during the breeding season its diet consists mainly of terrestrial insects and their larvae (especially beetles, termites, midges and ants ), and occasionally lizards1, 5; whereas during the non-breeding season its diet contains mainly marine invertebrates such as molluscs (snails), worms and crustaceans (such as shrimps and crabs)1, 5. Breeding site The nest is a shallow scrape on the ground1 amongst sand-hills, gravel , or on other barren substrates5.

[2].

List of Habitats:

•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.14     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes   
  
•     5.15     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats   
  
•     5.16     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools   
  
•     6     Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs , mountain peaks)   
  
•     8     Desert   
  
•     8.1     Desert - Hot   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     12.2     Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits , Etc   
  
•     12.3     Marine Intertidal - Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches   
  
•     12.4     Marine Intertidal - Mud Flats and Salt Flats   
  
•     12.6     Marine Intertidal - Tidepools   
  
•     13     Marine Coastal/Supratidal   
  
•     13.1     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands   
  
•     13.3     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand Dunes   
  
•     13.4     Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

First described: Lesson, R.P. Reptile plates 3 and 4. In: Atlas de Zoologie, Voyage autour de monde, excut (part.) ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de sa Majest, La Coquille, pendant les annes 1822-1825. Arthus Bertrand, Paris., 1826.

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Charadrius

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 60 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. alexandrinus (Western Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus alexandrinus (Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus dealbatus (Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus nivosus (Snowy Plover) · C. alexandrinus tenuirostris (Snowy Plover) · C. alticola (Puna Plover) · C. asiaticus (Caspian Plover) · C. australis (Inland Dotterel) · C. bicinctus (Banded Dotterel) · C. bicinctus bicinctus (Double-Banded Plover) · C. cinctus (Red-Kneed Dotterel) · C. collaris (Collared Plover) · C. dubius (Little Ringed Plover) · C. dubius charadrius (Little Ringed Plover) · C. dubius curonicus (Little Ringed Plover) · C. dubius dubius (Little Ringed Plover) · C. falklandicus (Two-Banded Plover) · C. forbesi (ForbesÌ Plover) · C. hiaticula (Common Ringed Plover) · C. hiaticula hiaticula (Common Ringed Plover) · C. hiaticula tundrae (Common Ringed Plover) · C. javanicus (Javan Sand Plover) · C. leschenaultii (Large Sand Dotterel) · C. leschenaultii leschenaultii (Greater Sand Plover) · C. marginatus (White-Fronted Sand Plover) · C. marginatus marginatus (White-Fronted Sand Plover) · C. melanops (Black-Fronted Plover) · C. melodus (Western Piping Plover) · C. melodus circumcinctus (Piping Plover) · C. melodus melodus (Piping Plover) · C. modestus (Rufous-Chested Dotterel) · C. mongolus (Short-Billed Sand Plover) · C. mongolus mongolus (Mongolian Plover) · C. mongolus stegmanni (Eastern Lesser Sand-Plover) · C. montanus (Mountain Plover) · C. morinellus (Eurasian Dotterel) · C. novaeseelandiae (Long-Billed Plover) · C. obscurus (Red-Breasted Dotterel) · C. obscurus obscurus (Red-Breasted Dotterel) · C. occidentalis (Snowy Plover) · C. pallidus (Chestnut-Banded Plover) · C. pecuarius (Kittlitz's Sand Plover) · C. pecuarius pecuarius (Kittlitz's Sand Plover) · C. peronii (Malaysian Sand Plover) · C. placidus (Long-Billed Ringed Plover) · C. rubricollis (Hooded Plover) · C. ruficapillus (Red-Capped Dotterel) · C. sanctaehelenae (St. Helena Sand Plover) · C. semipalmatus (Semipalmated Ring Plover) · C. thoracicus (Black-Banded Sand Plover) · C. tricollaris (Three-Banded Plover) · C. tricollaris tricollaris (Three-Banded Plover) · C. venustus (Chestnut-Banded Sand Plover) · C. veredus (Oriental Dotterel) · C. vociferous (Eastern Mew Gull) · C. vociferus (Kildeer Plover) · C. vociferus vociferus (Killdeer) · C. wilsonia (Thick-Billed Plover) · C. wilsonia beldingi (Wilson's Plover) · C. wilsonia wilsonia (Wilson's Plover)

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url p. 475.
• A manual of the birds of Australia / by Gregory M. Mathews. .. and. .. Tom Iredale; illus. with coloured and monochrome plates by Lilian Medland. London: Witherby, 1921. url p. 167.
• Austral avian record; a scientific journal devoted primarily to the study of the Australian avifauna. London: Witherby. url p. 87.
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 272.
• Birds of the Philippine Islands: Siquijor, Mount Malindang, Bohol, and Samar / Austin L. Rand and Dioscoro S. Rabor. 35 1958 Chicago: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1960. url p. 239, p. 244, p. 326.
• Birds. By Eugene W. Oates. London: Taylor and Francis; [etc., etc.], 1889-98. url p. 238.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. 1964 New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, url p. 80.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1950-1977. url p. 199, p. 284, p. 305, p. 310, p. 315, p. 336, p. 339.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 101 1948 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 113, p. 328.
• Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History, under the leadership of Roy Chapman Andrews: preliminary contributions in geology, palaeontology, and zoology / by R.C. Andrews. .. [et al.] [New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1926-1930]. url p. 601.
• Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 254.
• Coastal Sensitivity Overview of the Strait of Malacca. Compiled for International Maritime Organisation (IMO) IMO url , , , .
• Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 180, p. 41, p. 750, p. 763.
• IUCN Directory of Afrotropical Protected Areas IUCN, UNEP url p. 1015, p. 277.
• IUCN Directory of Protected Areas in Oceania IUCN url p. 194, p. 224, p. 437.
• Madagascar: an environmental profile IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 176.
• Marine turtles in Baluchistan: report on a aerial survey, 9-11 September 1988 with notes on wetland sites and a proposed marine turtle conservation project WCMC url p. 13.
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 3 1968 San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931-1989. url p. 47.
• Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia IUCN url p. 15, p. 463, p. 6.
• Notes on Philippine Mallophaga, I: Species from Ciconiiformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes and Charudriiformes [by] K. C. Emerson and Ronald A. Ward. 42 1958 [Chicago]Natural History Museum, 1958. url p. 58.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 8, p. 9.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 107 1948 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 28, p. 51, p. 9.
• Special scientific report--wildlife / U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, 1949- url p. 162.
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay: The Society, url p. 671.
• The Marine Mammal Commission compendium of selected treaties, international agreements, and other relevant documents on marine resources, wildlife, and the environment / compiled by Richard L. Wallace. Washington, D.C.: The Commission; 1994 url p. 3127.
• The birds of Sibuyan Island, Romblon Province, Philippines: with particular reference to elevational distribution and biogeographic affinities / Steven M. Goodman, David E. Willard, Pedro C. Gonzales. 82 1995 [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, c1995. url p. 19.
• The birds of southeastern Madagascar / Steven M. Goodman. .. [et al.]. 87 1997 [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, c1997. url p. 38.
• The natural history of the USSR / Algirdas Knystautas; foreword by Vladimir Flint; [translation, John S. Scott]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987. url p. 183, p. 217, p. 49.
• Treaties and other international agreements on fisheries, oceanographic resources, and wildlife to which the United States is party / prepared at the request of Hon. Warren G. Magnuson for the use of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, by the Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1974. url p. 822.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 3 1951 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 136, p. 137, p. 24, p. 37.
• [Wanderings of a naturalist in India: the western Himalayas, and Cashmere / by Andrew Leith Adams] Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1867 url p. 321.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Charadrius leschenaultii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 09, 2007:

• Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, National System of Proetcted Areas
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• OZCAM
• Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176532
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176532
• IUCN ID: 199402
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 142337

Footnotes

1. Mean = -110.310 meters (-361.909 feet), Standard Deviation = 547.000 based on 248 observations. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2009. Charadrius leschenaultii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.