Caretta caretta

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

This marine turtle generally inhabits open waters just off shore but occasionally enters the brackish waters of bays , lagoons , sounds , salt marshes, and the mouthes of large creeks and rivers . After hatching , young Loggerheads of eastern North America migrate to the sargassum beds of the western Atlantic Ocean where they find food and cover in the floating beds of seaweed.

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 29 meters (94 feet).[1]

Ecology: Terrestrial nest sites[2].

Biology

Diet

These marine turtles are omnivorous and feed on algae, sea grasses, sponges, jellyfish , squid, mollusks, bivalves , shrimp, crabs, and fish.

Reproduction

Mating occurs in open waters as females move through territories of resident males from late March to June. Females lay 52 - 159 eggs from mid-May to late August. Nest regularly along the coast of the southeastern U.S., ranging as far north as Maryland and New Jersey. Nesting occurs at night when females come ashore and dig nesting cavities above the high water mark on the seaward side of dune fronts. Incubation takes 49 - 76 days, but averages between 60 - 65 days. Hatchlings emerge from the nest at night and immediately crawl toward the ocean. Hatchlings average from 33.5 - 52 mm (1.3 - 2 in) in carapace length . Females reproduce, at most, only every other year, and will lay from 1 - 3 clutches of eggs in a season . Nesting has been reported as far north as New Jersey, but the greatest number of nesting females come ashore on barrier islands and mainland beaches from North Carolina south to Florida. Females will return to the same beach to nest throughout their lifetime. The estimated life span of wild adults is 47 - 62 years.

Migration

As the turtles mature , they make long distance migrations to feeding grounds . This species has been recorded migrating up to 11,155 km (6,933 mi ) across the Pacific Ocean and up to 6,900 km (4,285 mi) in the Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Caouana elongata Gray 1844 • Caretta caretta — Cogger 2000: 178 • Caretta caretta — Conant & Collins 1991: 76 • Caretta caretta — Engelmann Et Al 1993 • Caretta caretta — Glaw & Vences 1994: 229 • Caretta caretta — Stebbins 1985: 105 • Caretta caretta — Stejneger 1904 • Chelonia caouana DumÉril & Bibron 1835: 552 • Chelonia caretta Dyce 1861: 351 • Chelonia multiscutata Kuhl 1820 ? • Testudo caouana LACÉPÈDE 1788< /i> (Nom. Subst. Pro T. Caretta L.) • Testudo caretta • Testudo caretta Linnaeus 1758: 197 • Testudo corianna GRAY 1831< /i> (Ex Errore) • Testudo nasicornis LacÉpÈde 1788

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Holotype: Unknown FRITZ (1995) reports hybrids between Caretta caretta and Eretmochelys imbricata. BARBER et al. (2003) confirmed natural hybridization between a Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) by molecular analysis.

Similar Species

The Atlantic Ridley is smaller, and has an almost circular olive-green carapace. It has four scutes along the bridge of the shell. In the Hawksbill and Green Turtle the first costal scute does not touch the nuchal scute.

Members of the genus Caretta

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. caretta (Loggerhead)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• The fossil turtles of North America, by Oliver Perry Hay. Washington, D.C., Pub. by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1908. url p. 134, p. 134, p. 140, p. 140, p. 154, p. 154, p. 160, p. 160, p. 200, p. 208, p. 208, p. 8, p. 8, p. 9, p. 95, p. 95.
• The reptiles of China: turtles, crocodilians, snakes, lizards / by Clifford H. Pope; with 78 illustrations in the text, including a map, and 27 plates at end. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1935. url p. 24.
• The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago / by Nelly de Rooij. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1915-1917. url p. 311, p. 311, p. 347, p. 347, p. 349, p. 349, p. 352, p. 352, p. 355, p. 355, p. 356, p. 356, p. 362, p. 362, p. 365, p. 365, p. 369, p. 369.
• The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National museum; including a monograph of the American species, by Henry A. Pilsbry. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1916. url p. 286, p. 289.
• The telencephalon of the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli) Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1970. url p. 109, p. 5.
• The turtles of New England / by Harold L. Babcock. With sixteen plates. Boston: printed for the Society with aid from the Gurdon Saltonstall Fund, 1919. url , , p. 343, p. 346.
• The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Rainer Zangerl. [Chicago, Ill.]: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1960. url , , p. 283, p. 286, p. 289, p. 292.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 15 1965 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 588, p. 718, p. 746.
• Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles / by Henry S. Fitch. 1985 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1985. url p. 4, appendix ii, page 72.
• Vertebrate life / Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, c1996. url p. 139.
• World Atlas of Biodiversity: earth's living resources in the 21st century UNEP-WCMC url p. 127, p. 330.
• World Atlas of Coral Reefs UNEP-WCMC url p. 54.
• World Checklist of Threatened Amphibians and Reptiles Joint Nature Conservation Committee url p. 70.
• World Checklists of Threatened Amphibians and Reptiles Nature Conservancy Council url p. 21.
• Year book - Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington url p. 166, p. 179, p. 33, p. 43.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere Jena [Germany]:G. Fischer, c -1993. url p. 137.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 5, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 12 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Marine Turtle Specialist Group 1996. Caretta caretta. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• TIGR Reptile Database . Release date: October 2, 2007
• The Georgia Museum of Natural History and Georgia Department of Natural Resources
• Uetz, Peter. The Reptile Database

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 27, 2008:

• Carnegie Museums: Amphibians and Reptiles
• European Environment Agency: EUNIS
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: A Biological Survey of the Waters of Woods Hole and Vacinity
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Canada Maritimes Regional Cetacean Sightings (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies - Trawl Surveys (AfrOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: SEAMAP - marine mammals, birds and turtles
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Herpetology Collection - Reptile Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research: Herp Collection
• Sternberg Museum of Natural History: Herp Collection
• UK National Biodiversity Network: National Biodiversity Network Trust - Marine Turtles
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2537384
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Rep-1408
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 173830
• IUCN ID: 198036
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: C00U
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 617

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 44.810 based on 141,287 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Marine Turtle Specialist Group 1996. Caretta caretta. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.