Carassius carassius

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Occurs in shallow ponds , lakes rich in vegetation and slow moving rivers . Burrows in mud in the dry season or during winter[1]. Tolerates cold, organic pollutants, and low oxygen levels in the water.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[2]

Ecology: Habitat :
Usually restricted to densely vegetated backwaters and oxbows of lowland rivers . Also in small well vegetated lakes and channels . Tolerates high summer temperatures and very low oxygen concentrations in summer and under ice cover . Able to survive in almost completely frozen water or almost-dry habitats by burying itself in mud . Spawns in dense submerged vegetation .

Biology :
Lives about 10 years. Males reproduce for the first time at three years, females at four years in central and eastern Europe, at two years in southern Europe. Spawns in May-July at temperatures above 18°C. Individual females spawn with several males. Males follow ripe females, often with much splashing. Females spawn 3-5 times during a season . Eggs are sticky and are attached to water plants . Omnivorous ; feeds all day but mostly at night on plankton , benthic invertebrates , plant material and detritus . Seems to be a weak competitor, usually absent from waters with rich ichthyofauna and abundant predatory species. Very abundant in the absence of other fish species. High-bodied, fast-growing individuals in habitats with predatory fish, more elongate in habitats without predatory fish.[3].

List of Habitats:

•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Feeds on plants , insect larvae and plankton [4].

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Carassius auratus wui Tchang • Carassius carassius • Carassius carassius carassius (Linnaeus • Carassius carassius jacuticus Kirillov • Carassius charax (Lesniewski • Carassius coeruleus Basilewsky • Carassius discolor Basilewsky • Carassius gibelio (Bloch • Carassius gibelio minutus (Kessler • Carassius humilis Heckel • Carassius linnaei Bonaparte • Carassius linnei lacustrus Malm • Carassius linnei Malm • Carassius linnei piscinarum Malm • Carassius moles Nordmann • Carassius oblongus Heckel & Kner • Carassius pekinensis Basilewsky • Carassius vulgaris gibbosus Walecki • Carassius vulgaris Nordmann • Carassius vulgaris subventrosus Walecki • Cyprinus carassius • Cyprinus carassius Linnaeus • Cyprinus carassius Linnaeus, 1758 • Cyprinus charax Lesniewski • Cyprinus gibelio minutus Kessler • Cyprinus gibelioides Cantor • Cyprinus moles Selys-Longchamps

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 06-Aug-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Carassius

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species and subspecies in this genus:

C. auratus (Gold Crucian Carp) · C. auratus auratus (Edible Goldfish) · C. auratus carassius (Goldfish) · C. carassius (Yakut Crucian Carp) · C. carassius auratus (Goldfish) · C. cuvieri (Japanese (White) Crucian Carp) · C. gibelio (Prussian Carp)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A treatise on zoology. London, Adam and Charles Black, 1900-1909 url p. 340.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 137, p. 59.
• American fishes; a popular treatise upon the game and food fishes of North America, with especial reference to habits and methods of capture, Boston, L. C. Page[c1903]. url .
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• An ecological study of southern Wisconsin fishes; the brook silversides (Labidesthes sicculus) and the cisco (Leucichthys artedi) in their relations to the region, with 16 plates and 27 tables, by Alvin Robert Cahn. Urbana, Ill., The University of Illinois, c1927 url .
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Carassius carassius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MCZ Fish Collection
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Biological Records Centre - Database for the Atlas of Freshwater Fishes

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 122879
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22855
• Fishbase Species ID: 270
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 163352
• IUCN ID: 197914
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 527

Footnotes

1. Allardi, J. and P. Keith (1991). Atlas préliminaire des poissons d'eau douce de France. Coll. Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 4. Secrétariat Faune Flore, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 234 p. [back]
2. Mean = 28.880 meters (94.751 feet), Standard Deviation = 44.810 based on 140,141 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
3. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Carassius carassius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 January 2012. [back]
4. Billard, R. (1997). Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne: Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.