Aquila heliaca

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: This is a lowland species that has been pushed to higher altitudes by persecution and habitat loss in Europe. In central and eastern Europe, it breeds in forests up to 1,000 m and also in steppe and agricultural areas with large trees , and nowadays also on electricity pylons. In the Caucasus, it occurs in steppe, lowland and riverine forests and semi-deserts. Eastern populations breed in natural steppe and agricultural habitats. Both adults and immatures of the eastern populations are migratory, wintering in the Middle East, east Africa south to Tanzania, the Arabian peninsula, the Indian subcontinent and south and east Asia, and wintering birds have been reported in Hong Kong (China).Wetlands are apparently preferred on the wintering grounds . Adults in Central Europe, Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and Caucasus are usually residents, whilst most immatures move south. Non-territorial birds often associate with other large eagles such as Haliaeetus albicilla and Aquila clanga on wintering and temporary settlement areas.

[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.8     Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     4.5     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996

Similar Species

Members of the genus Aquila

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 23 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. adalberti (Spanish Imperial Eagle) · A. africanus (Cassin's Hawk Eagle) · A. audax (Wedge-Tailed Eagle) · A. audax audax (Wedge-Tailed Eagle) · A. chrysaetos (White-Tailed Eagle) · A. chrysaetos canadensis (Golden Eagle) · A. chrysaetos chrysaetos (Golden Eagle) · A. clanga (Greater Spotted Eagle) · A. fasciatus (Bonelli's Eagle) · A. gurneyi (Gurney's Eagle) · A. hastata (Indian Spotted Eagle) · A. heliaca (Eastern Imperial Eagle) · A. heliaca adalberti (Spanish Imperial Eagle) · A. heliaca heliaca (Eastern Imperial Eagle) · A. nipalensis (Steppe Eagle) · A. nipalensis nipalensis (Steppe Eagle) · A. pennata (Scaleless Dragonfish) · A. pomarina (Lesser Spotted Eagle) · A. pomarina pomarina (Lesser Spotted Eagle) · A. rapax (African Tawny-Eagle) · A. rapax rapax (African Tawny-Eagle) · A. verreauxii (Verreaux’s Eagle) · A. wahlbergi (Wahlberg's Eagle)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A hand-list of genera and species of birds of the Indian empire, by E. C. Stuart Baker. .. Bombay, Printed by order of the committee of the Bombay natural history society[1923] url p. 171.
• A handbook of European birds for the use of field naturalists and collectors. By James Backhouse. London, Gurney and Jackson, 1890. url p. 157.
• A history of the birds of Europe, not observed in the British Isles / by C. R. Bree. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1875-1876. url p. 150, p. 64, p. 67, p. 76, p. 82, p. 96, p. 97, p. 98, p. 99.
• A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url p. 517, p. 520, p. 521, p. 526.
• A key to the birds of the lower Yangtse Valley, with popular descriptions of the species commonly seen. By N. Gist Gee. .. and Lacy I. Moffett. Shanghai, Shanghai Mercury Limited, Print., 1917. url , p. 47.
• A list of European birds, including all those found in the western palaearctic area, with a supplement containing species said to have occurred, but which, for various reasons, are inadmissible. London, R.H. Porter, 1898. url p. 37.
• A manual of palæarctic birds, by H. E. Dresser. London, The author, 1902-03. url p. 521.
• A revised catalogue of the birds of China and its islands, with descriptions of new species, references to former notes, and occasional remarks. By Robert Swinhoe. London, 1871 url p. 2.
• A synopsis of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey): comprising species and subspecies described up to 1920, with their characters and distribution / London: Priv. print. for the author, 1922. url , , .
• A synoptical list of the Accipitres (diurnal birds of prey) Comprising species and subspecies, described up to 1919, with their characters and distribution, by H. Kirke Swann. London, J. Wheldon, 1920. url p. 65.
• An environmental profile of the Black Sea Coast WCMC url p. 27, p. 29, p. 37.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 17.
• Analysis and Synthesis of National Reports. Prepared by UNEP and CMS Secretariat CMS url p. 22, p. 24.
• Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES url p. 65.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 122, p. 128, p. 147, p. 150, p. 151.
• Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1897- url p. 47.
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 202, p. 205, p. 322, p. 62, p. 67, p. 84.
• Birds. By Eugene W. Oates. London: Taylor and Francis; [etc., etc.], 1889-98. url p. 333, p. 334, p. 337.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2008. Aquila heliaca. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Birds

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8644
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-202236
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175413
• IUCN ID: 192273
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1084

Footnotes

1. Mean = 28.640 meters (93.963 feet), Standard Deviation = 43.830 based on 114,708 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2008. Aquila heliaca. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 January 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.