Acipenser sturio

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Amphihaline and potamodromous fish[2][3], frequenting littoral zones[4][3][5]. It lives the major part of his live in sea but enters rivers for reproduction [6][5]. Juveniles found both in estuaries and in the sea[4]. May be found at depths of 5 to 60 meters.

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 29 meters (95 feet).[7]

Ecology: Biology : Anadromous (spends at least part of its life in salt water and returns to rivers to breed ).

Males reproduce for the first time at 10-12 years, females at 14-18. There are indications for a reproduction at two year intervals for males and 3-4 years for females in April-July. Adults do not eat during migration and spawning. The distance of the spawning migration seems to be positively correlated with water level, and a distance of 1000 km or more may be covered during years of high water . Spent fishes immediately return to the sea (FAO 2009).

Potential spawning grounds have been mapped. Juveniles migrate downstream and are present in upper estuary at one year old. They continue a slow downstream migration and penetrate the sea at 2-3 years. For the next 4-6 years, they leave the sea to enter the lower estuary at summer time where movements and feeding were determined. At sea, this species feeds on a variety of molluscs , crustaceans and small fish. Atlantic population feed benthically.[8].

List of Habitats :

•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     9     Marine Neritic   
  
•     9.3     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel   
  
•     9.4     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy   
  
•     9.5     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud   
  
•     9.6     Marine Neritic - Subtidal Muddy   
  
•     9.10     Marine Neritic - Estuaries   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, polychaete worms and small fishes .

Reproduction

Sexually mature at an age of 7-9 years. Spawns at depths of 2-10 m over stony bottoms . Females produce 800,000-2,400,000 sticky dark grey eggs which adhere to the stones [9]. Also Ref. 40476. Eggs deposited on sand or gravel .

Migration

Anadromous .

Behavior

Usually solitary.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Accipenser attilus Rafinesque • Accipenser sturio • Accipenser sturio Linnaeus • Accipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 • Acipenser attilus Gray • Acipenser ducissae Duméril • Acipenser europaeus Brusina • Acipenser fitzingeri Duméril • Acipenser fitzingerii Duméril • Acipenser hospitus Krøyer • Acipenser latirostris Parnell • Acipenser lichtensteinii Bloch & Schneider • Acipenser nehelae Duméril • Acipenser podapos Duméril • Acipenser sturioides Malm • Acipenser thompsonii Ball • Acipenser valenciennii Duméril • Acipenser yarrellii Duméril • Arcipenser sturio • Arcipenser sturio Linnaeus • Arcipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 03-Feb-1994

Archaelogical remains suggest that A.sturio colonised the Baltic Sea about 3000 years ago from the North Sea, and vanished from the Baltic Sea about 800 years ago. Climatic changes about 100 years ago (Little Ice Age) might have had an impact indirectly in favouring introgression by hybridization with A. oxyrinchus.[8].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Acipenser

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 36 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. baerii (Long-Nosed Siberian Sturgeon) · A. baerii baerii (Lena River Sturgeon) · A. baerii baicalensis (Baikal Sturgeon) · A. baerii baikalensis (Baikal Sturgeon) · A. baerii stenorrhynchus (Lena River Sturgeon) · A. baeri stenorrhynchus (Lena River Sturgeon) · A. brevirostris (Short-Nosed Little Sturgeon) · A. brevirostrum (Short-Nosed Little Sturgeon) · A. dabryanus (Dabry´s Sturgeon) · A. dauricus (Great Siberian Sturgeon) · A. fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon) · A. gueldenstaedti (Caspian Sturgeon) · A. gueldenstaedtii (Caspian Sturgeon) · A. gueldenstaedti brandt (Azov-Black Sea Sturgeon) · A. huso (European Sturgeon) · A. medirostris (Barbel Sturgeon) · A. mikadoi (Sakhalin Sturgeon) · A. multiscutatus (Japanese Sturgeon) · A. naccari (Adriatic Sturgeon) · A. naccarii (Adriatic Sturgeon) · A. nudiventris (American Atlantic Sturgeon) · A. oxyrhynchus (Atlantic Sturgeon) · A. oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus (Atlantic Sturgeon) · A. oxyrinchus (American Atlantic Sturgeon) · A. oxyrinchus desotoi (Gulf Sturgeon) · A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (American Atlantic Sturgeon) · A. persicus (Persian Sturgeon) · A. plecostomus (Suckermouth Catfish) · A. ruthenus (Sterlet Sturgeon) · A. schrencki (Japanese Sturgeon) · A. schrenckii (Japanese Striped Loach) · A. sinensis (Chinese Sturgeon) · A. stellatus (Stellate Sturgeon) · A. stenorrhynchus (Long-Nosed Siberian Sturgeon) · A. sturio (Atlantic Sturegon) · A. transmontanus (Sacramento Sturgeon)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• ... Catalogue of the fishes of New York. By Tarleton H. Bean. .. Albany, University of the state of New York, 1903. url p. 63.
• ... The genera of fishes. .. A contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature. By David Starr Jordan. Stanford University, Calif., The University, 1917-1920. url , p. 11.
• ...Scientific results of the cruises of the yachts "Eagle" and "Ara", 1921-1928, William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. Crustacea... By Lee Boone. Huntington, N. Y., Priv. print. [The Science press printing company, Lancaster, Pa.]1930- url p. 43.
• 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1993 url p. 93.
• A bibliography of fishes, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 1916-1923. url , , , , .
• A bibliography of fishes, by Bashford Dean. .. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1916-1923. url p. 223, p. 223, p. 233, p. 233, p. 279, p. 359, p. 359, p. 364, p. 374, p. 385, p. 385, p. 398, p. 398, p. 506, p. 665, p. 665, p. 671.
• A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity / By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osburn, and Leon J. Cole. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1913 url p. 165, p. 585, p. 593, p. 641, p. 740, p. 835.
• A course on zoology: designed for secondary education. By C. de Montmahon [!]. .. and H. Beauregard. .. Tr. and adapted for American schools by Wm. H. Greene, M.D. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Company, 1893 [c1892] url p. 323, p. 323.
• A guide book to the marine fishes of Rhode Island. Photos by the author. Watch Hill, R. I., Book and Tackle Shop[1960] url p. 20.
• A guide to Belfast and the counties of Down & Antrim / prepared for the meeting of the British Association by the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. Belfast: M'Caw, Stevenson & Orr, ltd., 1902. url p. 183.
• A guide to the natural history of the Isle of Wight: a series of contributions by specialists relating to the various branches of natural history and kindred subjects / edited by Frank Morey. Newport, Isle of Wight: The County Press, 1909. url p. 489.
• A guide to the study of fishes, New York, H. Holt, 1905. url , , , .
• A guide to the study of fishes, by David Starr Jordan. .. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1905. url , , p. 141, p. 19, p. 291, p. 80, p. xi.
• A handbook of the vertebrate fauna of Yorkshire: being a catalogue of British mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes / by Wm. Eagle Clarke, and Wm. Denison Roebuck. London: Reeve, 1881. url p. 103.
• A handbook to the vertebrate fauna of north Wales. London, Witherby & Co., 1919. url p. 97.
• A history of British fishes / London: W. Allen, [1876?] url , p. 291.
• A history of British fishes / by William Yarrell. ..; illustrated by nearly 400 woodcuts. .. London: John Van Voorst. .., 1836. url .
• A history of British fishes. By William Yarrell. .. London, J. Van Voorst, 1841. url p. 481.
• A history of Scandinavian fishes / by B. Fries, C. U. Ekström and C. Sundevall; with coloured plates by W. von Wright and text illustrations. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & söner, 1892-1895. url , .
• A history of fishes; illus. by W. P. C. Tenison. New York, A. A. Wyn, 1949. url p. 94.
• A history of the fishes of the British Islands / by Jonathan Couch. London: G. Bell, 1877-1878. url p. 157, p. 164.
• A list of the fishes of Pennsylvania / by Henry W. Fowler. Washington, D.C.: Biological Society of Washington, 1919 url p. 52.
• A manual of land and fresh water vertebrate animals of the United States (exclusive of birds) by Henry Sherring Pratt. .. with 184 illustrations. Philadelphia, Blakiston's[c1923] url p. 30.
• A manual of marine zoology for the British Isles / by Philip Henry Gosse London: J. Van Voorst, 1855-1856 url p. 159.
• A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States: including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri river, inclusive of marine species / Chicago:A. C. McClurg, 1916. url .
• A manual of zoology / by Richard Hertwig New York: H. Holt, 1909, c1902 url p. 573.
• A materia medica: Animalia, containing the scientific analysis, natural history and chemical and medical properties and uses of the substances that are the products of beasts, birds, fishes or insects. .. By Peter P. Good. .. Cambridge, Mass., The author[c1853] url p. 2, p. 4, p. 6.
• A monograph on the structure and development of the shoulder-girdle and sternum on the Vertebrata. By W. Kitchen Parker... London: R. Hardwicke, 1868. url p. 10, p. 227.
• A naturalist's rambles about home. New York, Appleton, 1889. url p. 479.
• A plan for an educational exhibit of fishes. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1910. url p. 1332.
• A popular zoology / by J. Dorman Steele and J.W.P. Jenks. New York: A.S. Barnes & Company, c 1887. url p. 309, p. 92.
• A review of the fishery industries of the United States and the work of the U. S. Fish Commission, London, W. Clowes, 1883. url p. 16.
• A survey and record of Woolwich and West Kent containing descriptions and records, brought up-to-date, of geology, botany, zoology, archaeology and industries of the district, with a brief photographic commentary, in commemoration of the 12th Ann General editors, C.H. Grinling, T.A. Ingram [and] B.C. Polkinghorne. Woolwich: Labour Representation Print. Co., 1909. url p. 258.
• A synopsis of the fishes of North America / by David Humphreys Storer. Cambridge: Metcalf, 1846. url p. 248.
• A tour in Sutherlandshire, with extracts from the fieldbooks of a sportsman and naturalist. By Charles St. John... With woodcuts. London: J. Murray, 1849. url p. 364.
• A tour in Sutherlandshire: with extracts from the field-books of a sportsman and naturalist / with an Appendix on the fauna of Sutherland by J.A. Harvie-Brown and T.E. Buckley. Edinburgh, Douglas, 1884. url p. 364.
• A treatise on zoology / edited by E. Ray Lankester. London: A. & C. Black, 1900-1909. url p. 303.
• A treatise on zoology London, A. and C. Black, 1900-1909 url p. 303, p. 319, p. 505.
• A treatise on zoology. London, Adam and Charles Black, 1900-1909 url p. 308, p. 319.
• A vertebrate fauna of the Orkney Islands / by Thomas E. Buckley and J.A. Harvie-Brown. Edinburgh: D. Douglas, 1891. url p. 271, p. 305.
• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York. [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932]. url p. 92.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 112, p. 278.
• Addresses and papers. Ithaca, N.Y., 1898. url p. 43.
• Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. url p. 454.
• American food and game fishes. A popular account of all the species found in America north of the equator, with keys for ready identification, life histories and methods of capture, . by David Starr Jordan...and Barton Warren Evermann...illustrated with colored plates and text drawings, and with photographs from life, by A. Radclyffe Dugmore. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page & Co., 1908. url p. 8.
• American food and game fishes: A popular account of all the species found in America north of the equator, with keys of ready identification, life histories and methods of capture New York: Doubleday, Page & co., 1902. url p. 8.
• American food and game fishes: a popular account of all the species found in America, north of the equator, with keys for ready identification, life histories and methods of capture, by David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann; with photos. from life by A. Radclyffe Dugmore. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1908, c1902. url p. 8.
• Amphioxus and the ancestry of the vertebrates by Arthur Willey; with a preface by Henry Fairfield Osborn. London: Mcmillan, 1894. url .
• An annotated catalogue of the fishes of Maine. Portland, Me., 1914. url p. 103, p. 120, p. 123, p. 13, p. 151, p. 152, p. 165, p. 172, p. 175.
• An introduction to the natural history of fishes: being the article "Ichthyology, " from. .. the Encyclopædia Britannica / by James Wilson. 1838 Edinburgh, etc.: Adam and Charles Black, [et al.]1838. url p. 230, p. 9.
• An introduction to the study of fishes, Edinburgh, A. and C. Black, 1880. url , .
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 130, p. 130, p. 227, p. 227, p. 71.
• Analysis and Synthesis of National Reports. Prepared by UNEP and CMS Secretariat CMS url p. 11, p. 28, p. 36.
• Analysis of EC Trade in Caviar by Species and Tracking of Caviar Permits within the UNEP-WCMC Caviar Database. A Report to the European Commission TRAFFIC url p. 1, p. 31, p. 48.
• Anatomical, phylogenetical and clinical studies on the central nervous system, by B. Brouwer. Baltimore, Pub. for the Johns Hopkins university by the Williams & Wilkins company, 1927. url p. 31.
• Anatomischer Anzeiger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1886- url p. 143, p. 158, p. 198, p. 219, p. 289, p. 293, p. 299, p. 303, p. 372, p. 385, p. 534, p. 539, p. 700.
• Animal forms; a second book of zoology, New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1902. url , .
• Animal forms; a text-book of zoology, by David S. Jordan. .. and Harold Heath. New York: D. Appleton, 1907, c1902. url p. 161, p. 251.
• Animals; a text-book of zoology, by David S. Jordan. .. Vernon L. Kellogg. .. and Harold Heath. New York, D. Appleton, 1907, c1902. url p. 161, p. 251.
• Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES, WCMC url p. 100.
• Annotated CITES appendices and reservations 1988 IUCN url p. 21.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 110.
• Annual report / New York State Museum. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, c1904-1920. url p. 63.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 473, p. 598, p. 604, p. 752.
• Annual report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal year ended. .. Washington: G.P.O., 1914-1940. url p. 5, p. 61.
• Annual report of the Commissioners of Fisheries, Game and Forests of the State of New York. Albany, N.Y.: The Commission, 1896-1900 url p. 211.
• Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum: including a list of the specimens received during the year: financial report, with a report of the mammals of New Jersey and a supplement to former reports, 1907. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, 1908. url p. 133, p. 136.
• Annual report of the New York Zoological Society. New York: The Society, 1897- url p. 106, p. 119, p. 119, p. 126, p. 128.
• Aquarium notes and news; issued by the Aquarium Society of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 1914- url p. 50.
• Bibliography and catalogue of the fossil vertebrata of North America, by Oliver Perry Hay. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1902. url p. 371.
• British fresh water fishes / by Rev. W. Houghton. . . illustrated with a coloured figure of each species drawn from nature by A. F. Lydon, and numerous engravings. London [etc.]: W. Mackenzie, [1879]. url p. 171, p. 203.
• British fresh-water fishes / by the Right Hon. Sir Herbert Maxwell; with twelve coloured plates including twenty-two figures from photographs. London: Hutchinson, 1904. url .
• British fresh-water fishes, by the Right Hon. Sir Herbert Maxwell, bart.. .. With twelve coloured plates including twenty-two figures from photographs. London, Hutchinson & Co., 1904. url p. 309, p. 315.
• British salt-water fishes / by F. G. Aflalo; with a chapter on the artificial culture of sea fish by R. B. Marston; with coloured plates. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1904. url p. 274.
• British salt-water fishes, London, Hutchinson, 1904. url .
• Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 63, p. 64, p. 739.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 105, p. 1169, p. 221, p. 478, p. 512, p. 514, p. 76, p. 77, p. 85.
• Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New YorkAmerican Museum of Natural History1881- url p. 311, p. 331, p. 332.
• Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, D.C.: The Society, 1918- url p. 72, p. 73.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 108, p. 15, p. 225, p. 89.
• Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Buffalo, N.Y.: Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 1873- url p. 161.
• Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries. Washington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Off., 1905-1950. url p. 1332, p. 165, p. 2, p. 74.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 31 1898 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 286, p. 286.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. St. John, N. B., Natural History Society of New Brunswick. url p. 41, p. 64.
• Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Washington, The Commission, Govt. Print. Off. url p. 275, p. 276, p. 335, p. 338.
• Canadian fisherman. Gardenvale, Que. [etc.]National Business Publications [etc.] url p. 485, p. 486.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url , , p. 150.
• Cassell's natural history. Ed. by P. Martin Duncan. .. London [etc]Cassell & Company, Limited, 1891-96. url p. 391.
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 101, p. 516, p. 563, p. 794, p. 83, p. 992.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 101, p. 516, p. 563, p. 794, p. 83, p. 992.
• Catalogue of the books, manuscripts, maps and drawings in the British Museum (Natural History) London: BM(NH), 1903-1940. url p. 1933.
• Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum / by Albert Gu?nther. .. [Tokyo?]: Kagaku Kisho Hakkokai, Sho?wa 13 [1938]. url p. 340, p. 342.
• Catalogue of the fishes in the. .. Museum / by A. Günther 1870. url p. 340, p. 342.
• Catalogue of the special loan collection of scientific apparatus at the South Kensington Museum. MDCCCLXXVI. London, Printed by G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode, for H.M. Stationery Off., 1877. url p. 984.
• Catalogue of the species of Entozoa, or intestinal worms, contained in the collection of the British Museum [by William Baird] LondonPrinted by order of the Trustees1853 url p. 124, p. 42.
• Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History, under the leadership of Roy Chapman Andrews: preliminary contributions in geology, palaeontology, and zoology / by R.C. Andrews. .. [et al.] [New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1926-1930]. url p. 2.
• Chamber's encyclopaedia, a dictionary of universal knowledge. London, Chambers, 1902. url p. 37, p. 773.
• Check list of the fishes of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland. Ottawa, Printed by C. H. Parmelee, 1913. url , .
• Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 107, p. 61.
• Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 109, p. 125, p. 166, p. 217, p. 222, p. 68, p. 72, p. 157, p. 60.
• Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 181, p. 3, p. 2.
• Checklists for the CORINE Biotopes Programme and its application in the PHARE countries of Central and East Europe: including comparisons with relevant conventions and agreements on the conservation of European species and habitats EC url p. 104.
• Chemical embryology. New York:The MacMillan Co., 1931. url p. 343.
• College zoology, New York, The Macmillan company, 1912 url p. 453.
• College zoology, by Robert W. Hegner. New York, The Macmillan company, 1912. url p. 453.
• College zoology. New YorkMacmillan1918 url p. 453.
• Commercial fisheries review. [Washington]: National Marine Fisheries Service; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.] url p. 103, p. 42, p. 56.
• Comparative anatomy of vertebrates, adapted from the German of Dr. Robert Wiedersheim. .. by W. N. Parker. 53 1967 London, Macmillan and co., limited, 1907. url , p. 296.
• Comparative embryology of the vertebrates; with 2057 drawings and photos. grouped as 380 illus. New York, Blakiston[1953] url p. 308, p. 309, p. 674, p. 686, p. 933.
• Comparative zoology, structural and systematic, for use in schools and colleges, by James Orton. Cincinnati, American book company[1904] url p. 316.
• Contributions to Canadian biology. Toronto, Biological Board of Canada. url p. 109.
• Contributions to North American ichthyology. Based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1877-78. url p. 64.
• Contributions. Providence, R. I. url p. 173.
• Copeia. [New York, N.Y., etc.]: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. url , , , p. 18, p. 41.
• Current bibliography for aquatic sciences and fisheries. London, Taylor & Francis ltd. url p. 139, p. 177, p. 211, p. 238, p. 246, p. 409, p. 481, p. 503, p. 577, p. 629, p. 642, p. 657.
• Dean bibliography of fishes. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971-1973. url p. 17, p. 174, p. 181, p. 188, p. 189, p. 191, p. 198, p. 198, p. 221, p. 257, p. 264, p. 289, p. 314, p. 318, p. 325, p. 326, p. 342, p. 399, p. 423, p. 460, p. 467, p. 469, p. 499, p. 519, p. 655, p. 662.
• Der Natrufreund am Strande der Adria und des Mittelmeergebietes, von Prof. Dr. Carl I. Cori, . ... Leipzig, W. Klinkhardt, 1910. url .
• Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the physiological series of comparative anatomy contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. London, Taylor [and] Francis (pr.)1900-1902. url p. 64.
• Die Funktionen des Centralnervensystems und ihre phylogenese / Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg; 1885-1900. url p. 63.
• Ecological animal geography; an authorized, rewritten edition based on Tiergeographie auf ockologischer grundlage / by Richard Hesse. .. prepared by W. C. Allee. .. and Karl P. Schmidt. .. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1937. url p. 60.
• Elementary text-book of zoology. By Dr. C. Claus, tr. and ed. by Adam Sedgwick with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote. London, W. S. Sonnenschein, 1884-85. url p. 165.
• Elements of Comparative Anatomy / London, 1878. url p. 450.
• Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology, by George William Hunter. New York, American book company[c1907] url p. 277.
• Elements of comparative anatomy. By Carl Gegenbaur. .. Tr. by F. Jeffrey Bell. .. The translation rev. and a preface written by E. Ray Lankester. .. London, Macmillan and Co., 1878. url p. 425.
• Elements of comparative zoology, by J. S. Kingsley. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1904. url p. 326.
• Elements of comparative zoology. By J. S. Kingsley. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1897. url p. 38.
• Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. London, Macmillan, 1897. url , , .
• Entozoa, an introduction to the study of helminthology, with reference more particularly to the internal parasites of man. London, Groombridge, 1864. url p. 40.
• Essentials of biology presented in problems, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[1911] url .
• Fauna of New England, 8. List of the pisces, by William C. Kendall. Boston, Printed for the [Boston] Society [of Natural History] from the G. Saltonstall Fund, 1908. url .
• Fertilization in fishes and the problem of polyspermy = Oplodotvorenie u ryb i problema polispermii / by A.S. Ginzburg; edited by T.A. Detlaf. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1972. url p. 100, p. 106, p. 107, p. 320, p. 321, p. 55, p. 56, p. 61, p. 91.
• Field book of giant fishes, by J. R. Norman and F. C. Fraser. With 8 plates in full color and over 100 drawings by W. P. C. Tenison. New York, G. P. Putnam[1949] url figs. 33-35 , p. 94, illustrations, page vi.
• Final report. v. 1-8. Trenton, 1888-1917. url p. 811.
• Fish skulls; a study of the evolution of natural mechanisms. Laurel, Fla., E. Lundberg, 1959. url p. 464.
• Fishery Board for Scotland. Scientific investigations. Edinburgh [etc.]H.M. Stationery Off. url p. 110, p. 112, p. 177, p. 257.
• Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: url p. 342, p. 838.
• Fishery bulletin. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. url , p. 504, p. 577, p. 81.
• Fishery leaflet / United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, url p. 6.
• Fishes and fisheries of the Irish Sea; and especially of the Lancashire and western sea-fisheries district. By W. A. Herdman and Robert A. Dawson. London, George Philip & Son, 1902. url p. 2, p. 62.
• Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, by Henry B. Bigelow and William C. Schroeder. Washington, United States Government Printing Office, 1953. url , , p. 326, p. 81.
• Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. By Henry B. Bigelow. .. and William W. Welsh. .. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1925. url p. 2, p. 74.
• Fishes of the vicinity of New York City / by John Treadwell Nichols, with an introduction by William K. Gregory. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1918. url p. 102.
• Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Editorial board: editor-in-chief John Tee-Van [and others] New Haven, Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ., 1948- url p. 27, p. 29, p. 32, p. 56, p. 57, p. 606, p. 611, p. 623.
• Fishes of the world, by Edouard Le Danois, with the collaboration of Jacques Millot, Theodore Monod [and] Paul Budker. With 80 photogravure plates, 30 colour photos., and text illus. Woodstock, Vt., Countryman Press[1957] url p. 81.
• Fishes, New York, H. Holt and Company, 1907. url .
• Fishes, by David Starr Jordan. .. with 18 colored plates and 673 illustrations. .. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1907. url p. 255.
• Fishes, living and fossil, an outline of their forms and probable relationships. New York, MacMillan, 1895. url p. 262.
• Fishes, living and fossil. An outline of their forms and probable relationships, by Bashford Dean. .. New York, Macmillan and Co., 1895. url p. 160, p. 160, p. 160, p. 262, p. 262, p. 262, p. 285, p. 285.
• Fishes, living and fossil: an outline of their forms and probable relationships / by Bashford Dean. New York, Macmillan and Co., 1895. url p. 160, p. 262, p. 285.
• Fishing in American waters by Genio C. Scott; with one hundred and seventy illustrations. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1869. url p. 432.
• Fishing in American waters. New York, Harper & brothers, 1875. url p. 432.
• Forest, lake and river; the fishes of New England and eastern Canada / by Frank M. Johnson. Boston: Printed for subscribers [by University press] Cambridge, 1902. url , p. 203, p. 355.
• Fresh-water biology, New York, John Wiley & sons, inc.; [etc., etc.]1918. url .
• Fresh-water biology, by Henry Baldwin Ward. .. and George Chandler Whipple. .. with the collaboration of a staff of specialists. New York: Wiley, 1944, c1918. url p. 374.
• General zoölogy; practical, systematic and comparative; being a revision and rearrangement of Orton's Comparative zoölogy, by Charles Wright Dodge... Cincinnati [etc]American book company[1903] url p. 150.
• Guide to the British fresh-water fishes exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). London: Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1917. url p. 37.
• Guide to the Gallery of Fishes [London]: BM(NH), 1908 url p. 76.
• Handbook of zoology; by J. van der Hoeven. Tr. from the 2d Dutch ed. by the Rev. William Clark. Cambridge: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, 1856-58. url p. 71.
• Handbook to the natural history of Cambridgeshire, ed. by J.E. Marr. .. and A.E. Shipley. .. Cambridge, University press, 1904. url p. 112.
• Handbuch der Biologie der Wirbeltiere. Von Dr. M. Hilzheimer. unter Mitwirkung von Dr. Phil. O. Haempel. mikt 599 Textabbildungen. vii, 756 p.illus (part col.)26 cm. url p. 31, p. 43.
• Ichthyology / edited by William Jardine. Edinburgh, etc.: W.H. Lizars, etc., 1852-1854. url , p. 293.
• Iconographic encyclopaedia of science, literature, and art. systematically arranged by J.G. Heck. Translated from the German, with additions, and edited by Spencer F. Baird. .. illustrated by five hundred steel plates, containing upwards to twelve thousand en New York, R. Garrigue, 1851. url p. 15, p. 238.
• Illinois biological monographs. Urbana, Univ. of Illinois Press. url p. 64.
• Internal secretion and the ductless glands, with a preface by E.A. Schäfer, illustrated. London, Arnold, 1922. url , p. 110.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. LondonPublished for the International Council by the Royal Society of London1901-1920 url p. 31.
• Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. url p. 126, p. 129, p. 150, p. 151, p. 212, p. 227, p. 278, p. 376, p. 416, p. 444, p. 461, p. 462, p. 463, p. 465, p. 470, p. 546, p. 551, p. 564, p. 58, p. 776, p. 779, p. 786, p. 810, p. 815.
• Journal of comparative neurology. Philadelphia, Pa.: Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, [1911?- url p. 174, p. 301, p. 424, p. 531.
• Journal of morphology. Boston: Ginn & Co., [1887-1924] url p. 133, p. 196, p. 197, p. 357, p. 495, p. 520, p. 54, p. 55, p. 60, p. 624, p. 759, p. 760, p. 762.
• Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Cambridge [etc.]Cambridge University Press [etc.] url p. 57.
• Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. Truro, Eng., Workers of Cornwall Ltd. url p. 447.
• Lancashire sea-fisheries memoir. London: G. Philip, 1899-1902. url p. 62.
• Les poissons des eaux douces de la France: anatomie--physiologie--description des espèces--moeurs--instincts--industrie--commerce--resources alimentaires--pisciculture--législation concernant la pêche / par Émile Blanchard. Paris: J. B. Baillière et fils, 1880. url p. 651.
• Life of a Scotch naturalist, Thomas Edward, associate of the Linnean Society by Samuel Smiles. .. portrait and illustrations by George Reid, R.S.A. London: J. Murray, 1877 url p. 425.
• List of marine fauna collected at the Tarbert Laboratory during 1885. Edinburgh, Fisheries Board, 1885 url p. 233.
• List of the specimens of fish in the collection of the British Museum. LondonPrinted by order of the Trustees1851 url p. 11, p. 12, p. 7.
• List of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. London: Printed for the Society, 1896. url p. 680, p. 683.
• List of vertebrated animals living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. .. London, Printed for the Society, 1866. url p. 198.
• Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States, including the district east of the Mississippi River, and north of North Carolina and Tennessee, exclusive of marine species. Chicago, Jansen, McClurg, 1884. url p. 345.
• Marine and estuarine environments, organisms, and geology of the Cape Cod region; an indexed bibliography, 1665-1965 [by] Anne E. Yentsch [and others. Woods Hole, Mass., Systematics Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory[c1966] url p. 134, p. 56.
• Marine products of commerce; their acquisition, handling, biological aspects, and the science and techology of their preparation and preservation, by Donald K. Tressler and James McW. Lemon in collaboration with Alexander E. Alexander [and others] New York, Book Division, Reinhold, 1951. url p. 153, p. 533.
• Memo?rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. url p. 73, p. 81.
• Memoirs of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. Philadelphia: [s.n.], 1911-1915. url p. 101, p. 102, p. 249, p. 51, p. 98.
• Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston, [Boston Society of Natural History]1862-1946. url p. 512, p. 585.
• Minutes of the American Fisheries Society. Omaha, Neb. [etc: American Fisheries Society] url p. 119.
• Monitore zoologico italiano. [Siena]: Instituto anatomico della R. Università di Siena, [1890-1988] url p. 19, p. 199, p. 257, p. 3, p. 32, p. 334, p. 391, p. 68.
• Monthly microscopical journal: transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, and record of histological research at home and abroad. London, R. Hardwicke, 1869-1877. url p. 31.
• Museum bulletin / Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1908-1916. url p. 110.
• Natural history of British fishes: their structure, economic uses, and capture by net and rod: cultivation of fish-ponds, fish suited for acclimatisation, artificial breeding of salmon / by Frank Buckland. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge; 1891. url p. 252.
• Natural history of British fishes; their structure, economic uses and capture by net and rod, cultivation of fish-ponds, fish suited for acclimatisation, artificial breeding of salmon, by Frank Buckland. London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, [pref. 1880] url p. 252.
• Natural history of New York. .. Albany, D. Appleton & co. and Wiley & Putnam;1842-94. url p. 345, p. 389.
• Natural history of New York. Albany: D. Appleton: 1842-1894. url p. 345, p. 389, p. 389.
• Natural history, New York, D. Appleton and company, 1897. url .
• Natural history, by R. Lydekker [and others] London, Hutchinson, 1897. url p. 725.
• Natural history, by R. Lydekker, W. F. Kirby, B. B. Woodward, R. Kirpatrick, R. I. Pocock, R. Bowdler Sharpe, W. Garstang, F. A. Bather, H. M. Bernard. New York, D. Appleton and company, 1897. url p. 725.
• Nature. London, etc., Macmillan Journals Ltd., etc. url p. 212, p. 563, p. 70.
• North American pseudophyllidean cestodes from fishes. Urbana, University of Illinois, c1918 url p. 64.
• Notes and letters on the natural history of Norfolk: more especially on the birds and fishes / London: Jarrold, 1902. url .
• Notes on some rare and interesting marine crustacea. Edinburgh, Fishery Board, 1904 url p. 110, p. 112.
• Observations in natural history: with an introduction on habits of observing, as connected with the study of that science. Also a calendar of periodic phenomena in natural history; with remarks on the importance of such registers / by the rev. Leonard Jenys. London: John van Voorst, 1846. url p. 224.
• Official lists and indexes of names and works in zoology / edited by R.V. Melville and J.D.D. Smith. London: ICZN, 1987. url p. 40.
• On the anatomy of vertebrates. .. By Richard Owen. London, Longmans, Green and Co., 1866-68. url p. 859.
• On the anatomy of vertebrates. LondonLongmans, Green1866-68 url p. 854, p. 859.
• On the development and life-histories of the Teleostean food and other fishes / by W.C. M'Intosh and E.E. Prince. Edinburgh: R. Grant & Son, 1890. url p. 709.
• Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. London, Printed by order of the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. url p. 256, p. 261, p. 369, p. 462.
• Our country's fishes and how to know them: a guide to all the fishes of Great Britain / by W.J. Gordon with every species illustrated in colour, and many sketches in outline by A. Lambert 1902 London: Simpkin, Hamilton, Kent & Co., [1902] url fig. 11, p. 26.
• Our face from fish to man; a portrait gallery of our ancient ancestors and kinsfolk together with a concise history of our best features, by William K. Gregory. .. with a foreword by William Beebe; with 119 illustrations. New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1929. url p. 255.
• Outlines of general zoology. New York [N.Y.]: Rudolph Garrigue, 1851. url , , p. 238.
• Outlines of zoology / by J. Arthur Thomson. London; Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1944. url p. 638.
• Outlines of zoology, Edinburgh, H. Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1899. url .
• Outlines of zoology, New York, Appleton, 1916. url .
• Outlines of zoology, New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1893. url .
• Outlines of zoology, by J. Arthur Thomson. Edinburgh [etc.]H. Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1921. url p. 570.
• Pamphlets on forestry. Fish and game. [1900?- url .
• Parasites of fishes of the Woods Hole region. By Edwin Linton. .. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1901. url p. 435.
• Prize essay on the natural and economical history of the fishes marine, fluviatile, and lacustrine, of the river district of the Firth of Forth. By Richard Parnell. .. Edinburgh: A. and C. Black; 1838. url p. 403, p. 403.
• Proceedings - Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. Staten Island, N.Y., Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. url , p. 40.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url , , , p. 122, p. 241, p. 248, p. 249, p. 249, p. 251, p. 255, p. 257, p. 293, p. 293, p. 3, p. 324, p. 324, p. 347, p. 347, p. 354, p. 354, p. 367, p. 390, p. 403, p. 506, p. 51, p. 57, p. 599, p. 599, p. 6, p. 6, p. 603, p. 603, p. 62, p. 62, p. 679, p. 679, p. 721, p. 865, p. 865.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 146, p. 199, p. 315, p. 36, p. 52, p. 91, p. 91.
• Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science. Media, Pa.: The Institute, 1906- url p. 34.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url .
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url , p. 386, p. 42, p. 50, p. 506.
• Proceedings of the section of sciences / Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, [1899-1937]. url p. 695.
• Proceedings. Edited for the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. by A.I. Oparin [and others]. London, Pergamon Press, 1959. url p. 674.
• Protection and preservation of food fishes in international boundary waters of the United States and Canada. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1910 url p. 4.
• Quarterly journal of microscopical science. London, J. and A. Churchill [etc.] url p. 167, p. 330, p. 350, p. 382, p. 517, p. 521.
• Report of the Commissioner for. .. / United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Washington: G.P.O., 1874-1905. url , , , p. 1135, p. 1159, p. 1181, p. 13, p. 13, p. 14, p. 14, p. 189, p. 226, p. 226, p. 234, p. 234, p. 235, p. 235, p. 454, p. 454, p. 477, p. 48, p. 511, p. 617, p. 681, p. 725, p. 727, p. 734, p. 815, p. 815, p. 99.
• Report of the Dove Marine Laboratory / the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. [Newcastle-upon-Tyne]: The University, url p. 110.
• Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries for the fiscal year. .. with appendixes Washington: G.P.O., 1914- url , p. 122, p. 34, p. 355, p. 465, p. 66, p. 79.
• Report on the Lancashire sea-fisheries laboratory at the University of Liverpool, and the Sea-fish hatchery at Piel. .. Liverpool: C. Tinling & Co., 1893- url p. 48, p. 51.
• Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. url p. 1630.
• Report on the sea fisheries and fishing industries on the Thames Estuary. London, Waterlow Bros. & Layton, 1903. url p. 155.
• Reports on zoology for 1843, 1844 / Tr. from the German by George Busk, Alfred Tulk, esq., and Alexander H. Haliday, esq. London: Printed for the Ray society, 1847. url p. 472.
• Revised list of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological society of London. 1872. London, Printed for the Society, [1872] url p. 366, p. 377.
• Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 369.
• Sea and inland fisheries: report. DublinStationery Off. url p. 166, p. 167, p. 207, p. 381.
• Second supplement to the first edition of the History of British fishes / by the late William Yarrell; being also a first supplement to the second edition; ed. by Sir John Richardson. London, J. Van Voorst, 1860. url p. 20.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 19 1878 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 42, index, page 77.
• Soft-rayed Bony fishes: class Osteichthyes, order Acipenseroidei, order Lepisostei, order Isospondyli, suborder Elopoidea, suborder Clupeoidea, suborder Salmonoidea / Henry B. Bigelow. .. [et al.]. New Haven, Conn.: Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, 1963. url p. 27, p. 28, p. 29, p. 32, p. 56, p. 57, p. 606, p. 611, p. 623.
• Special scientific report--wildlife / U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, 1949- url p. 47.
• Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary final environmental impact statement/management plan / Sanctuaries and Reserves Division. Washington, D.C.: The Division, [1993] url p. 39.
• Survey on neurobiology. Bibliography of genetic neurology, compiled and annotated by Agnes S. Burt. Washington, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1952. url p. 115.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 17.
• Synopsis of the fishes of North America by David S. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. Washington: G.P.O., 1882. url .
• System of ophthalmology. St. Louis, Mosby, 1958- url p. 275.
• Ten years in Sweden: being a description of the landscape, climate, domestic life, forests, mines, agriculture, field sports and fauna of Scandinavia. London, Groombridge and sons, 1865. url .
• Text-book of embryology. London, MacMillan, 1919. url p. 23.
• Text-book of embryology. London: Macmillan, 1914-1919. url .
• Text-book of zoology; London, A. and C. Black, 1901. url .
• Text-book of zoology; treated from a biological standpoint, by Dr. Otto Schmeil; tr. from the German by Rudolf Rosenstock, M. A.; ed. by J. T. Cunningham, M. A. London, A. and C. Black, 1901. url p. 297.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 423, p. 423.
• The Australian zoologist. Sydney, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales url p. 226.
• The Biochemical journal. London [etc.]Cambridge University Press. url p. 731.
• The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, url p. 311, p. 448.
• The British parasitic Copepoda / by Thomas Scott and Andrew Scott. London: Printed for the Ray society, 1913. url p. 230.
• The British parasitic Copepoda, by Thomas Scott and Andrew Scott London, Printed for the Ray society, 1913 url p. 230, p. 75.
• The Cambridge natural history, London, Macmillan and Co., Limited;1895-1909 url , , , , , .
• The Cambridge natural history, ed. by S.F. Harmer. .. and A.E. Shipley. .. London, Macmillan and co., limited;1895-1909 url p. 200, p. 200, p. 346, p. 347, p. 347, p. 493, p. 494, p. 494, p. 759.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 184, p. 290.
• The Journal of comparative neurology and psychology. Granville, Ohio: Editorial Office, Denison University, url p. 270, p. 538.
• The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. url p. 37.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. London: Academic Press [etc.], 1865-1968. url p. 141.
• The Marine Mammal Commission compendium of selected treaties, international agreements, and other relevant documents on marine resources, wildlife, and the environment / compiled by Richard L. Wallace. Washington, D.C.: The Commission; 1994 url p. 634.
• The Naturalist. 1891 [Doncaster: Yorkshire Naturalists' Union], 1874- url p. 111, p. 144, p. 146, p. 21, p. 31, p. 32, p. 35, p. 35, p. 357.
• The Pleistocene of North America and its vertebrated animals form the states east of the Mississippi River and form the Canadian provinces east of longitude 95. WashingtonCarnegie Institution of Washington1923 url p. 311, p. 479.
• The Popular science monthly. New York, Popular Science Pub. Co., etc. url p. 127.
• The Riverside natural history. Ed. by John Sterling Kingsley. Articles by C.C. Abbott, J.A. Allen, W.B. Barrows [etc.]. .. Illustrated by more than twenty-two hundred woodcuts in the text, one hundred and sixty-eight full-page engr Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and Company[c1888] url p. 474.
• The Scientific proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society. Dublin: The Society, 1877-[1957] url p. 533.
• The Scottish naturalist. Perth [etc.]: Cowan & Co. [etc.], url p. 14.
• The Trematoda of British fishes. London, Sold by B. Quaritch, 1947. url p. 342, p. 346.
• The Victoria history of the county of Kent; ed. by William Page. London, Constable, 1908- url p. 265.
• The ancestry of vertebrates as a means of understanding the principal features of their structure and development. Weltevreden, JavaVisser1922 url p. 90.
• The animal food resources of different nations, with mention of some of the special dainties of various people derived from the animal kingdom. London, E. & F.N. Spon, 1885. url .
• The aquarium: its inhabitants, structure, and management / by John Ellor Taylor. Edinburgh: John Grant, 1910. url p. 311.
• The aquarium; its inhabitants, structure & management. London, Hardwicke, 1876. url p. 216.
• The birds of New Jersey / by Witmer Stone. Trenton: J.L. Murphy Pub. Co., 1909. url p. 353.
• The complete angler and huntsman, by Thomas Hubert Hutton and Stanley Blake. Berry, Ky., 1919. url p. 54, p. 54.
• The fauna of Shropshire, being an account of all the mammals, birds, reptiles & fishes found in the county of Salop. With an introduction dealing with the physical features of the county, a copious index, a chapter on the pri Illustrated by photographic plates and portraits. By H. Edward Forrest. Shrewsbury, L. Wilding [etc. etc.]1899. url p. 243.
• The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States. Prepared through the co-operation of the commissioner of fisheries and the superintendent of the tenth census by George Brown Goode. .. and a staff of associates. .. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1884-87. url p. 502, p. 660, p. 697, p. 739.
• The fisheries exhibition literature. .. London, W. Clowes, 1884. url p. 284.
• The fisheries of the Adriatic and the fish thereof: a report of the Austro-Hungarian sea-fisheries, with a detailed description of the marine fauna of the Adriatic Gulf / by G. L. Faber; with eighteen woodcut illustrations after drawings by Leo Littrow, and numerous engravings on stone. London: B. Quaritch, 1883. url p. 187, p. 268, p. 274, p. 275, p. 281.
• The fishes found in the vicinity of Woods Hole. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1898. url p. 90.
• The fishes of Great Britain and Ireland / Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, 1880-1884. url p. 280.
• The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama / by David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, 1896-1900. url .
• The fishes of Pennsylvania: with descriptions of the species and notes on their common names, distribution, habits, reproduction, rate of growth and mode of capture / by Tarleton H. Bean. Harrisburg, Pa.: E.K. Meyers, 1893. url , p. 6.
• The food and game fishes of New York: notes on their common names, distribution, habits and mode of capture. By Tarleton H. Bean. Albany, J. B. Lyon company, printers, 1903. url p. 266.
• The fresh-water fishes of China / by John Treadwell Nichols; with 143 figures in the text, 10 colored plates, and 1 map. 1943 New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1943. url p. 15, chapter II.
• The fresh-water fishes of Europe: a history of their genera, species, structure, habits, and distribution / by H. G. Seeley. London, Cassell & company, limited, 1886. url , p. 409, p. 411.
• The fresh-water fishes of Europe; a history of their genera, species, structure, habits, and distribution. London, Cassell, 1886. url p. 409, p. 411, p. 413, p. x.
• The freshwater fishes of New Brunswick: a checklist with distributional notes / Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1959. url p. 9.
• The freshwater fishes of the British Isles, by C. Tate Regan. .. with twenty-seven figures and thirty-seven plates by the author London, Methuen & Co. Ltd.[1911] url p. 17, p. 18, p. 19.
• The genera of fishes. ..: A contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature / By David Starr Jordan. Stanford University, Calif.: The University, 1917-1920. url p. 11, p. 182.
• The journal of comparative neurology. [Granville, Ohio: Published by the Editors, Denison University, url , p. 166, p. 169, p. 45.
• The lipids, their chemistry and biochemistry. New York, Interscience Publishers, 1951-57. url p. 518, p. 643, p. 755, p. 773, p. 867, p. 906.
• The mammals, reptiles, and fishes of Essex; a contribution to the natural history of the county. By Henry Laver. With eight full-page and two half-page illustrations. Chelmsford, E. Durrant & co.; [etc., etc.]1898. url p. 118, p. 135, p. 22, p. 24.
• The marine fishes and invertebrates of Loch Fyne. 2 Edinburgh, Fishery Board, 1897 url p. 113, p. 289.
• The marine invertebrates and fishes of St. Andrews. By W.C. McIntosh. .. Edinburgh, A. and C. Black; [etc., etc.]1875. url p. 184.
• The morphology and evolutional significance of the pineal body: being part I of a contribution to the study of the epiphysis cerebri with an interpretation of the morphological, physiological and clinical evidence / [by] Frederick Tilney and Luther F. Warren. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1919. url p. 249, p. 51.
• The natural history of animals: the animal life of the world in its various aspects and relations, London, The Gresham Publishing Company, 1903-04. url , , , .
• The naturalist. London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1865- url p. 219.
• The new natural history, by Richard Lydekker. .. and R. Bowdler Sharpe, H.A. MacPherson, F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, W.R. Ogilvie Grant, C.J. Gahan, F.A. Bather, Edgar A. Smith, R.I. Pocock, M. Bernard, H. Bernard and R. Kirkpatr New York, Merrill and Baker[189-?] url p. 514.
• The nucleic acids: chemistry and biology. Edited by Erwin Chargaff [and] J.D. Davidson. New York, Academic Press, 1955-1960. url p. 167.
• The ocean world: being a description of the sea and some of its inhabitants / From the French of Louis Figuier. New YorkD. Appleton[1872] url p. 553, p. 655.
• The pineal organ; the comparative anatomy of median and lateral eyes, with special reference to the origin of the pineal body; and a description of the human pineal organ considered from the clinical and surgical stand by Reginald J. Gladstone and Cecil P. G. Wakeley. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1940. url p. 211.
• The preservation of fishery products for food, Washington, Govt. print. off., 1899. url p. 502.
• The principles of applied zoology, by Robert A. Wardle. London, Longmans, Greem, and co., 1929. url p. 306.
• The royal natural history / edited by Richard Lydekker; with preface by P.L. Sclater; illustrated with seventy-two coloured plates and sixteen hundred engravings by W. Kuhnert. .. [et al.]. London: F. Warne, 1893-1896. url p. 514.
• The royal natural history. With pref. by P. L. Sclater. Illustrated with 72 col. plates and 1600 engravings. London, F. Warne, 1893-96. url p. 514.
• The sportsman and naturalist in Canada, or Notes on the natural history of the game, game birds, and fish of that country. London, Hurst and Blackett, 1866. url .
• The standard natural history. Boston, S. E. Cassino and Company, 1884-85. url .
• The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation [by] Gordon Lynn Walls. Bloomfield Hills, Mich., Cranbrook Institute of Science, 1942 url p. 569, p. 570.
• The vertebrate fauna of Cheshire and Liverpool Bay / London: Witherby, 1910. url , p. 158.
• The vertebrate skeleton from the developmental standpoint, by J. S. Kingsley. .. with 324 illustrations. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co.[c1925] url p. 230, p. 96, p. 99.
• The vertebrate skeleton, by Sidney H. Reynolds Cambridge, University press, 1897 url , p. 122.
• The walks abroad of two young naturalists / From the French of Charles Beaugrand by David Sharp. New York: Crowell, [1889?] url , .
• Threatened non-marine molluscs of Europe Council of Europe url p. 109.
• Transactions - American Fisheries Society. Lawrence, Kan. [etc.] url p. 119.
• Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Newcastle-upon-Tyne [et al.]F. & W. Dodsworth [et al.]1865/67-1973. url p. 382, p. 385.
• Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. url p. 295.
• Transactions. Columbus, Ohio [etc.] url p. 198.
• Treaties and other international agreements on fisheries, oceanographic resources, and wildlife to which the United States is party / prepared at the request of Hon. Warren G. Magnuson for the use of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, by the Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1974. url p. 168.
• Vertebrata craniata (First fascile: cyclostomes and fishes). London: Adam and Charles Black, 1909. url p. 274, p. 303, p. 319.
• Waste-land wanderings / by Charles C. Abbott. New York; Harper & brothers, 1887. url p. 303, p. 311.
• Waste-land wanderings, by Charles C. Abbott. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1887. url p. 311.
• Waste-land wanderings. New York, Harper, 1887. url , .
• Wild life of the world: a descriptive survey of the geographical distribution of animals / London; F. Warne and co., 1916. url p. 362.
• Works, ed. by M. Foster and A. Sedgwick. London, MacMillan, 1885. url p. 763.
• World Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices Joint Nature Conservation Committee url p. 1, p. 4.
• Zoologica; scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society. New York. url p. 336.
• Zoological Society bulletin. [New York]: New York Zoological Society. url p. 1432.
• Zoological classification; a handy book of reference with tables of the subkingdoms, classes, orders, etc., of the animal kingdom, their characters and lists of the families and principal genera. London, J. Van Voorst, 1880. url p. 190.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere Jena [Germany]:G. Fischer, c -1993. url p. 157, p. 158, p. 159, p. 167, p. 192, p. 245, p. 247, p. 330, p. 379, p. 438, p. 515, p. 605, p. 675, p. 685, p. 80.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, 1910-1993. url p. 528.
• Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 10, p. 183, p. 59, p. 7202, p. 77, p. 9470.
• Zoology for high schools and colleges / New York: H. Holt and Company, 1895. url , .
• Zoology of New York, or the New-York fauna: comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illu by James De Kay. Albany: Printed by Carroll and Cook, printers to the Assembly [etc.], 1842-44. url p. 389.
• Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompa by James E. De Kay. Albany: W. & A. White & J. Visscher: 1842-44. url p. 345, p. 389.
• Zoology: an elementary text-book. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1920. url , .
• Zoology: for students and general readers / New York: Henry Holt, 1879. url .
• Zoölogical bulletin. Boston, Ginn & Co. url p. 25.
• [A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1913] url p. 165.
• ii.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Kottelat, M., Gesner, J., Williot, P., Rochard, E. & Freyhof, J. 2010. Acipenser sturio. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 29January2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Sturgeon Specialist Group 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• FishBase, FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Taxonomic Information Sytem for the Belgian coastal area
• Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Ichtyologie
• Senckenberg, Collection Pisces
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Fishes
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Biological Records Centre - Database for the Atlas of Freshwater Fishes
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Marine Biological Association - Marine Life Survey Data
• collated by MarLIN
• University of Navarra, Museum of Zoology, Museum of Zoology, University of Navarra

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 119276
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-29593
• Fishbase Species ID: 2066
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2288884
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 161072
• IUCN ID: 188497
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 516

Footnotes

1. Frimodt, C. (1995). Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. [back]
2. "Allium hyalinum". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 231, 262, 263. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Murdannia nudiflora". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Allardi, J. and P. Keith (1991). Atlas préliminaire des poissons d'eau douce de France. Coll. Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 4. Secrétariat Faune Flore, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 234 p. [back]
5. "Murdannia stenothyrsa". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 31. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
6. Billard, R. (1997). Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne: Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p. [back]
7. Standard Deviation = 44.820 based on 139,841 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
8. Kottelat, M., Gesner, J., Williot, P., Rochard, E. & Freyhof, J. 2010. Acipenser sturio. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 29 January 2012. [back]
9. Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen (1999). Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.