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• Physical Description
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Taxonomy

Physical Description

Family Bignoniaceae:

Trees, shrubs, or vines, climbers rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, alternate, or whorled, simple or pinnately compound, rarely palmately compound, without stipules, climbers usually with tendrils modified sometimes into hooks or suckers. Inflorescences cymose, paniculate, or racemose, terminal or axillary, rarely flowers borne on old stems; bracts and bractlets present, sometimes deciduous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, usually large. Calyx campanulate or tubular, truncate, 2-5-dentate, or glandular subulate-dentate. Corolla campanulate or funnelform, usually bilabiate; lobes 5, imbricate or valvate. Fertile stamens 4 (didynamous) and staminode 1, or 2 and staminodes 3, rarely all 5 stamens fertile. Disc fleshy. Ovary superior, 2-locular, rarely 1- or 4-locular; placentation axile or parietal; ovules numerous. Style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally or septicidally, rarely fruit fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, usually winged or with tufts of hairs at both ends; endosperm absent.

About 116-120 genera and 650-750 species: mostly in tropical and subtropical regions; 12 genera and 35 species (21 endemic) in China.

Plants of the Bignoniaceae usually produce large flowers, and many species are widely cultivated in China as ornamentals. These include Arrabidaea magnifica Sprague ex Steenis, Campsis radicans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelmann, Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau & Schumann, Crescentia alata Kunth, C. cujete Linnaeus, Jacaranda cuspidifolia Martius, J. mimosifolia D. Don, Kigelia africana (Lamarck) Bentham, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Linnaeus) A. H. Gentry, Pandorea jasminoides (Linnaeus) Schumann, Parmetiera cerifera Seemann, Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers, Spathodea campanulata Beauvois, Stenolobium stans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacquin) G. Nicholson, T. rosea (Bertoloni) de Candolle, and Tecomaria capensis (Thunberg) Spach.^[1]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Zaa:

There are approximately 1 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: Z. ilicifolia

Members of the genus Tecoma:

There are approximately 267 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: T. ochracea heterotricha · T. 'Orange Glow' · T. 'Orange Jubilee' (Orange Esperanza) · T. 'Sunrise' (Esperanza) · T. 'Tangerine' (Tecoma Stans) · T. acrophylla · T. actinophylla · T. adenophylla · T. aesculifolia · T. aesculus · T. africana · T. alata · T. alba · T. alba var. subdenudata · T. albiflora · T. amazonica · T. amboinensis · T. americana · T. arabica · T. araliacea · T. arequipensis · T. argentea · T. atractacarpa · T. atractocarpa · T. atrovirens · T. aurea · T. australis · T. australis var. australis · T. australis var. linearis · T. australis var. meonantha · T. australis var. pandorea · T. austro-caledonica · T. austrocaledonica · T. avellanceae · T. avellanedae · T. avellanedae var. alba · T. azaleaeflora · T. azaleaefolia · T. bahamensis · T. baileyana · T. barbata · T. barterii · T. beckii · T. bernoullii · T. berterii · T. berteroi · T. bibracteolata · T. billbergii · T. bipinnata · T. brittonii · T. brittonii var. decussata · T. brycei · T. buchii · T. campinae · T. capensis (Cape Honeysuckle) · T. capensis 'Apricot' · T. capensis 'Aurea' · T. capensis 'Coccinea' · T. capensis 'Lutea' · T. capensis 'Salmonea' · T. capensis nyassae · T. capitata · T. caraiba · T. caraiba var. squamellulosa · T. carianthera · T. castanifolia (Chestnutleaf Trumpetbush) · T. castanifolium · T. catinga · T. cavaleriei · T. ceramensis · T. chinensis · T. chrysantha · T. chrysea · T. chrysotricha · T. chrysotricha var. obtusata · T. cochabambens · T. cochabambensis · T. conspicua · T. curialis · T. curtisii · T. cuspidata · T. cyrtantha · T. dendrophila · T. dentata · T. digitata · T. diversifolia · T. domingensis · T. doratoxylon · T. dubia · T. dura · T. eggersii · T. elliptica · T. evenia · T. eximia · T. fabrisii · T. filicifolia · T. flavescens · T. floccosa · T. floccosus · T. floribunda

Bibliography

• Tao Deding & Yin Wenqing. 1990. Bignoniaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 1-62.

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Notes

Identifiers:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15237507
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111413-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3166023

Footnotes:

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Thawatchai Santisuk "Bignoniaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 213. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.