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• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
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Taxonomy

Physical Description

Family Scrophulariaceae:

Herbs, sometimes shrubs, rarely trees; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected. Inflorescences racemes, spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic. Calyx often persistent, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate. Corolla sympetalous; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal, free or confluent. Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous, rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous. Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous, sometimes winged; testa often reticulate; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved.

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.^[1]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ygramela:

There are approximately 1 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: Y. maritima

Members of the genus Pseudolysimachion:

There are approximately 117 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. barrelieri andrasovszkyi · P. barrelieri nitens · P. incanum pallens · P. linariifolium dilatatum · P. longifolium pseudolongifolium · P. orchideum carpaticum · P. ovatum kiusianum · P. ovatum maritimum · P. ovatum miyabei · P. rotundum coreanum · P. rotundum subintegrum · P. schmidtianum senanense · P. spicatum bashkiriense · P. spicatum fischeri · P. spicatum klokovii · P. spicatum lanisepalum · P. spicatum maeoticum · P. spicatum petschoricum · P. spicatum porphyrianum · P. spicatum transcaucasicum · P. spicatum viscosulum · P. spurium paniculatum · P. alatavicum · P. andrasovszkyi · P. arenosum · P. bachofenii · P. banaticum · P. barrelieri · P. bashkiriense · P. commutatum · P. cristatum · P. dahuricum · P. dauricum · P. decipiens · P. euxinum · P. galactites · P. holophyllum · P. incanum · P. insulare · P. kiusianum · P. kiusianum var. diamanticum · P. klokovii · P. komarovii · P. kosteleckii · P. laetum · P. linariifolium · P. linariifolium f. album · P. linariifolium var. dilatatum · P. linariifolium var. villosulum · P. linariifolium var. villosulus · P. lineariifolium · P. longifolium · P. longifolium longifolium · P. longifolium var. puberulum · P. maeoticum · P. maritimum · P. mauksii · P. miyabei · P. nakaianum · P. nenningii · P. nitens · P. ogurae · P. olgense · P. orchideum · P. orchideum var. bulgaricum · P. orchideum var. eglandulosum · P. orchideum var. glandulopilosum · P. ornatum · P. ovatum · P. ovatum f. canescens · P. ovatum var. japonicum · P. ovatum var. kitadakemontanum · P. ovatum var. villosum · P. pallens · P. paniculatum · P. petschoricum · P. pettersii · P. pinnatum · P. porphyrianum · P. pusanensis · P. pyrethrinum · P. reverdattoi · P. riparium · P. rotundum · P. rotundum f. albiflorum · P. rotundum f. album · P. rotundum f. roseum · P. rotundum var. petiolatum · P. sachalinense · P. sajanense · P. schmidtianum · P. schmidtianum f. albiflorum · P. schmidtianum f. candidum · P. schmidtianum f. exiguum · P. schmidtianum f. linearilobum · P. schmidtianum f. pubescens · P. schmidtianum var. shiragamiense · P. septentrionale · P. sessiliflorum · P. sieboldianum

Bibliography

• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

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Notes

Identifiers:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15858076
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:812955-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3698806

Footnotes:

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.