Description
Family Verbenaceae
Shrubs
or trees
, sometimes climbing
shrubs, rarely herbs. Indumentum of simple
, stellate
, and/or other complex
hairs
. Leaves opposite or rarely whorled
, without stipules, simple or 3-foliolate, less often palmately [or pinnately] compound
. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
, racemose, cymose
, spicate
, or thyrses
. Flowers bisexual
or polygamous by abortion
, zygomorphic or rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx persistent
. Corolla 4- or 5- or more lobed
; lobes
usually spreading
, aestivation
overlapping. Fertile
stamens inserted
on corolla tube
, alternate with lobes; filaments
free
; anthers
dorsifixed
, 1- or 2-locular, dehiscing by longitudinal
slits or sometimes a circular pore
. Ovary entire
or 4-grooved, 2-8-locular; ovules 1 or 2 per locule, erect
or pendulous. Style
terminal, simple, entire or 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe or indehiscent capsule, sometimes breaking up into nutlets
. Seeds (1 or) 2-4, endosperm usually absent, seed coat
thin; embryo straight, as long as seed; radicle short, inferior.
Some 91 genera and ca.
2000 species: primarily tropical
and subtropical
, 20 genera and 182 species in China.
The classification of Verbenaceae is in a state of flux, especially regarding its relationship
to Lamiaceae. There is evidence to suggest a significant division between members
of subfamily
Verbenoideae, genera 1-5 in this account, and the remaining genera, including genera 6-20, which for convenience are here referred to as subfamily Viticoideae s.l. The latter are more closely allied to each other and to genera traditionally kept within Lamiaceae (including genera 1-8 in this Flora
) . Avicennia is often placed in a family
of its own, but its affinities are clearly with Viticoideae, especially genera 17-19 in this account which have traditionally been placed in a separate subfamily, Symphorematoideae.Shou-liang Chen & Michael G. Gilbert "Verbenaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Vitex
Trees
or shrubs
. Branches glabrous
or sparsely pubescent
. Leaves opposite, palmately (1-) 3-8-foliolate; leaflets
petiolulate
, margin
entire
, dentate
, serrate, or incised. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
cymes, thyrses
, or panicles; bracts usually small, often early deciduous. Calyx campanulate
, tubular
, or funnelform
, sometimes 2-lipped, usually truncate
or shortly 5-dentate. Corolla blue, white, or yellow, 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed with middle
lobe
greatly elongated, upper lip usually 2-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous
, sometimes exserted; anther
locules attached only at tip
, becoming divaricate
. Ovary 2-4-locular; ovules 1 or 2 per locule. Style
filiform
; stigma 2-cleft. Drupes subtended by enlarged calyx, globose
, ovoid
, or obovoid
, normally 4-locular and 4-seeded but often some locules suppressed
and base
of pyrene forming a hollowed cavity
, endocarp a bony pyrene, mesocarp
generally fleshy
. Seeds obovoid or oblong
, endosperm absent; cotyledons usually fleshy.
About 250 species: chiefly tropical
, few in temperate regions
of both hemispheres; 14 species in China."Vitex". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 28. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Lamiales
(
)
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Verbenaceae
(
)
- Jaume Saint-Hilaire, 1805, Nom. Cons.
- Verbena Family
- Genus:
Vitex
(
)
- Chastetree
- Specific epithet:
aesculifolia
- Baker
- Botanical name: - Vitex aesculifolia Baker
- Specific epithet:
aesculifolia
- Baker
- Genus:
Vitex
(
- Family:
Verbenaceae
(
- Order:
Lamiales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Vitex
There are approximately 480 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
V. acuminata · V. acunae · V. aesculifolia · V. agelaeifolia · V. agelaeifolia var. rufula · V. agnus · V. agnus-castus (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Abbeville Blue' (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Alba' (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Blue Spire' · V. agnus-castus 'Blushing Bride' · V. agnus-castus 'Blushing Spires' (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Lavender Lady' (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Montrose Purple' (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Rosea' · V. agnus-castus 'Shoal Creek' (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Silver Spire' (Silver Spire Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus 'Silver Spires' (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus var. agnus-castus · V. agnus-castus var. caerulea · V. agnus-castus var. latifolia (Chaste Tree) · V. agnus-castus var. subtrisecta · V. agnuscastus · V. agraria · V. aherniana · V. ajugaeflora · V. alata · V. altissima · V. amaniensis · V. amazonica · V. amboniensis · V. andongensis · V. angolensis · V. angus-castus · V. annamense · V. annamensis · V. appendiculata · V. appuni · V. arborea · V. aurea · V. avicennioides · V. bahiensis · V. balbi · V. bankae · V. barbata · V. befotakensis · V. benthamiana · V. benuensis · V. bequaertii · V. beraviensis · V. beraviensis f. pilosa · V. beraviensis f. villosa · V. berteroana · V. betsiliensis · V. betsiliensis subsp. barorum · V. bicolor · V. bignonioides · V. bipindensis · V. bogalensis · V. bojeri · V. bojeri var. suborbicularis · V. bombacifolia · V. bracteata · V. brevilabiata · V. brevipetiolata · V. brittoniana · V. buchananii · V. buddingii · V. bulusanensis · V. bunguensis · V. burmensis · V. calothyrsa · V. camporum · V. canescens · V. cannabifolia (Chinese Chaste Tree) · V. capitata · V. capulin · V. carbunculorum · V. carvalhi · V. cauliflora · V. cauliflora var. longifolia · V. cauliflora var. villosissima · V. celebica · V. cestroides · V. chapelieri · V. chariensis · V. chinensis · V. chrysleriana · V. chrysocarpa · V. chrysoclada · V. chrysomallum · V. chrysomallum var. longicalyx · V. chrysomallum var. tomentella · V. cienkowskii · V. ciliata · V. clarkeana · V. clementis · V. cochinchinensis · V. cofassus · V. collina
Bibliography
- P'ei Chien & Chen Shou-liang, eds. 1982. Verbenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 1-229.
- P'ei Chien & Chen Shou-liang, eds. 1982. Verbenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 1-229.
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Notes
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10694050
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15548287
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865564-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3487972
