Zingiber officinale

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Zingiberaceae

Herbs perennial , terrestrial , rarely epiphytic, aromatic , with fleshy , tuberous or non-tuberous rhizomes, often with tuber-bearing roots . Stems usually short, replaced by pseudostems formed by leaf sheaths . Leaves distichous, simple , those toward base of plant usually bladeless and reduced to sheaths; leaf sheath open; ligule usually present; petiole present or not, located between leaf blade and sheath, cushionlike in Zingiber; leaf blade suborbicular or lanceolate to narrowly strap-shaped , rolled longitudinally in bud, glabrous or hairy , midvein prominent , lateral veins usually numerous , pinnate, parallel, margin entire. Inflorescence terminal on pseudostems or on separate, short, sheath-covered shoots arising from rhizomes, cylindric or fusiform , sometimes globose , lax to dense, few to many flowered, sometimes with bracteolate cincinni in bract axils and then a thyrse , sometimes a raceme or spike; bracts and bracteoles present, often conspicuous , colored . Flowers bisexual , epigynous , zygomorphic. Calyx usually tubular , thin, split on 1 side, sometimes spathelike, apex 3-toothed or -lobed. Corolla proximally tubular, distally 3-lobed; lobes varying in size and shape . Stamens or staminodes 6, in 2 whorls. Lateral 2 staminodes of outer whorl petaloid, or forming small teeth at base of labellum, or adnate to labellum, or absent. Median staminode of outer whorl always reduced. Labellum formed from lateral 2 staminodes of inner whorl. Fertile stamen median, of inner whorl; filament long or short; anther locules 2, introrse , dehiscing by slits or occasionally pores ; connective often extended basally into spurs and/or apically into a crest . Ovary inferior, 3-loculed initially, 1- or 3-loculed when mature ; ovules ± numerous per locule; placentation parietal , basal, or axile . Developed style 1, very thin, placed in a furrow in filament and between anther locules; stigma appearing above anther, funnelform , papillose , ± wet, margin often ciliate . Stylodes 2, reduced to nectaries at apex of ovary. Fruit a capsule, fleshy or dry, dehiscent or indehiscent, sometimes berrylike. Seeds few to many, arillate ; aril often lobed or lacerate .

About 50 genera and 1300 species: pantropical with center of diversity in S and SE Asia, some species in America and subtropical and warm-temperate Asia; 20 genera (one endemic) and 216 species (141 endemic, four introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Zingiber

Pseudostems well -developed, 1--2 m. Inflorescences terminating short stem with only scale leaves [projecting from side or tip of pseudostem], dense, conelike; bracts of main axis crowded, 1--3[--5], reniform or very broadly ovate [to lance-elliptical or lanceolate]; cincinni sessile, 1-flowered, enclosed in bracts; bracteoles small, inconspicuous, hidden by bracts. Flowers: calyx cylindric , shortly 3-lobed, split down one side; corolla tube cylindric, dilated distally, lobes lanceolate; filament short or nearly absent; anther enclosed within upper petal, not spurred , terminal appendage long; lateral staminodes absent or reduced to small teeth connate with lip, lip plane, entire, notched , or 3-lobed. Fruits capsule, ellipsoid . x = 11.

Species ca. 100: introduced ; North America, Mexico, Africa, n Australia; native , s Asia.

The ginger of commerce, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, is native to southeast Asia; it is commonly cultivated throughout the tropics, and most of the commercial supply now comes from Jamaica. Ginger seldom flowers or fruits in cultivation although plants are known to spread vegetatively in the vicinity of abandoned gardens in some tropical areas.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Amomum zingiber L.
2. Amomum zingiber Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 1. 1753
3. Zingiber sichuanense Z. Y. Zhu Et Al.
4. Zingiber zingiber (L.) Karst.

Notes

Publishing author : Karst. Publication : Deutsch. Fl. ed. 2, i. (1895) 488 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8:348. 1807

Name verified on 01-Apr-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 28-Mar-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Zingiber

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 205 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

Z. acuminatum · Z. albiflorum · Z. alliaceum · Z. amaricans · Z. amoricans · Z. anthorrhiza · Z. aquosum · Z. argenteum · Z. aromaticum (Fragrant Ginger) · Z. atrorubens · Z. aurantiacum · Z. barbatum · Z. bisectum · Z. blancoi · Z. borneense · Z. bradleyanum · Z. brevifolium · Z. bulusanense · Z. capitatum · Z. cassumunar · Z. cernuum · Z. chlorobracteatum · Z. cholmondeleyi · Z. chrysanthum · Z. chrysostachys · Z. citrinum · Z. citriodorum · Z. clarkei · Z. clarkii · Z. cliffordiae · Z. cochinchinense · Z. cochleariforme · Z. collinsii · Z. coloratum · Z. confine · Z. corallinum · Z. cornubracteatum · Z. curtisii · Z. cylindricum · Z. darceyi · Z. densissimum · Z. dubium · Z. eberhardtii · Z. eborinum · Z. echuanense · Z. elatum · Z. ellipticum · Z. emeiense · Z. ensal · Z. flagelliforme · Z. flammeum · Z. flavomaculosum · Z. flavovirens · Z. fragile · Z. fraseri · Z. galanga · Z. georgeae · Z. gigantifolium · Z. globosum · Z. gracile · Z. gracile Jack var. aurantiaca · Z. gramineum · Z. griffithii (Red Gingerwort) · Z. guangxiense · Z. gulinense · Z. hupehense · Z. idae · Z. incomptum · Z. inflexum · Z. integrilabrum · Z. integrum · Z. intermedium · Z. jucundum · Z. junceum · Z. kawagoii · Z. kelabitianum · Z. kerrii · Z. koshunense · Z. koshunensis · Z. kunstleri · Z. lambii · Z. laoticum · Z. larsenii · Z. latifolium · Z. leptorrhizum · Z. leptostachyum · Z. ligulatum · Z. lingyunense · Z. littorale · Z. loerzingii · Z. longibracteatum · Z. longiglande · Z. longiligulatum · Z. longipedunculatum · Z. luridum · Z. macradenium · Z. macrodenium · Z. macrorrhynchus · Z. macrostachyum · Z. malaysianum

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
• "Zingiber officinale". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 325. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662178
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-42402
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13730689
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798372-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 42254
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42402
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 798372-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ZIZI2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19915

Footnotes

1. Delin Wu & Kai Larsen "Zingiberaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 322. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Zingiber". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 507.580 meters (1,665.289 feet), Standard Deviation = 774.660 based on 137 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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