Woodwardia radicans

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Blechnaceae

Plants perennial , mostly terrestrial , occasionally on rock or epiphytic. Stems creeping to suberect or ascending , sometimes climbing [rarely arborescent ], slender to stout, dictyostelic, scaly . Leaves monomorphic or dimorphic , large and coarse , generally greater than 30 cm, often exceeding 1 m. Petiole not articulate , generally more than 2 vascular bundles arranged in arc, generally scaly at least at base . Blade often anthocyanic (reddish) when young, pinnatifid [rarely simple ] to pinnate-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate [rarely decompound ], glabrous or occasionally bearing scales or capitate glands . Rachis frequently grooved adaxially. Veins of sterile leaves generally free , rarely anastomosing, veins of fertile leaves united to form sorus-bearing secondary vein parallel to costa or costule (vascular commisure), sometimes anastomosing further. Sori elongate along secondary vein; indusia present [rarely absent], opening along costal side of fertile vein, frequently hidden by dehisced sporangia; sporangial stalk of 3 rows of cells . Spores monolete, reniform ; perine present, variously ornamented. Gametophytes green, cordate, sometimes bearing capitate hairs, antheridia and archegonia borne on lower surface.

Genera ca. 10, species ca. 250 (2 genera, 6 species in the flora ) : mostly tropical and south temperate (except Woodwardia, which is north temperate) .

Circumscription of genera is controversial, especially as to placement of those species now included in Blechnum . Characteristics holding the family together include the anastomoses of veins along the axes of the blade to form a series of areoles or a single continuous vein along which the sorus is borne, elongate sori with indusia opening toward midvein , bilateral spores, and chromosome base numbers of generally x = 28--36. Relationships of the family with both dryopteroid and athyrioid ferns have been suggested.[1]

Genus Woodwardia

Plants terrestrial or rarely on rock. Stems long-creeping to erect , slender to stout, not climbing ; scales brown. Leaves monomorphic (dimorphic in 1 species), clustered or well separated. Blades pinnate or pinnatifid . Rachises and costae scaly . Veins anastomosing in both sterile and fertile leaves, forming a regular series of areoles along costae and costules , further anastomosing in 1 species. Sori discrete, in chainlike rows along costae or costules, extending only the length of individual areolar veins. Spores with perine irregularly folded. x = 34, 35.

Species 14: North America, Central America, Mediterranean Europe, e Asia.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 4-6' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Sm. Publication : M?m. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5. 412. 1793. HB. 188. Chr. 186. NPfl. 253

Basionym author: (L.)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Woodwardia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

W. areolata (Chainfern) · W. fimbriata (Giant Chain Fern) · W. orientalis (Oriental Chain Fern) · W. orientalis var. formosana (Oriental Chain Fern) · W. radicans (European Chain Fern) · W. unigemmata (Chain Fern) · W. virginica (Virginia Chain Fern)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• GBIF-Spain, CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario de la Universidad de Sevilla, SEV
• GBIF-Spain, Jardi Botanic de Valencia: VAL
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Univ. Herbarium SALAMANCA: SALA
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO
• Herbario SANT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, SANT herbarium vascular plant collection
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669801
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-505758
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17365500-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 42059
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505758
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17365500
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PPBLE05030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: WORA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 68634

Footnotes

1. Raymond B. Cranfill "Blechnaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Raymond B. Cranfill "Woodwardia". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.