Description
Family Haemodoraceae
Herbs, perennial
or rarely annual
, rhizomatous
, often stoloniferous
; sap
often red or orange. Stems simple
. Leaves mostly basal, distichous, irislike; blade
linear
, sheathing
proximally, folded lengthwise distally, folded portions becoming fused. Inflorescences terminal
, cymose
or corymbose
, many-branched, many-flowered, loose
or condensed. Flowers: tepals persistent
, 6 in 2 whorls of 3, distinct
above level of insertion
on ovary, ± equal, aestivation
valvate
; stamens 3 or 6; filaments
elongate
; anthers
basifixed
, 2-locular, often basally sagittate
, dehiscence introrse
by longitudinal
slits; pistil 1, compound
, 3-carpellate; ovary inferior or half-inferior to nearly superior, 3-locular with axile
placentae, or 1-locular distally with parietal
placentae and 3-locular proximally with axile placentae; ovules 1, 3-6, or numerous
in each locule, arranged in vertical
rows
or around margin
of peltate placenta, orthotropous
or anatropous
; style
1, undivided, elongate; stigma 1, terminal, very small. Fruits capsular
, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds discoid
and peltate, or elongate and variously curved
; endosperm present.
Genera ca.
14, species ca. 80 (2 genera, 2 species in the flora
) : e North America, Mexico, Central America, n South America, s Africa, New Guinea, Australia.
The two genera of Haemodoraceae found in North America are very different from each other. Lachnanthes belongs to tribe
Haemodoreae and is morphologically similar to Dilatris P. J. Bergius of South Africa and Haemodorum Smith of Oceania. The relationships
of Lophiola are more obscure
and are discussed more fully in the references cited below and under that genus.Kenneth R. Robertson "Haemodoraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 16, 22, 23, 47, 48, 49, 51, 67. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Liliopsida
()
- Scopoli, 1760
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Pontederianae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Haemodorales
()
- J. Hutchinson, 1934
- Family:
Haemodoraceae
()
- R. Brown, 1810
- Bloodwort Family
- Genus:
Wachendorfia
()
- Specific epithet:
breyniana
- D.Dietr.
- Botanical name: - Wachendorfia breyniana D.Dietr.
- Specific epithet:
breyniana
- D.Dietr.
- Genus:
Wachendorfia
(
- Family:
Haemodoraceae
(
- Order:
Haemodorales
(
- Superorder:
Pontederianae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Wachendorfia
There are approximately 20 species in this genus:
W. brachyandra · W. brevifolia · W. breyniana · W. corymbosa · W. elata · W. graminea · W. graminifolia · W. hirsuta · W. humilis · W. multiflora · W. orinocense · W. orinocensis · W. pallida · W. paniculata (Rooiknol) · W. parviflora · W. tenella · W. thyrsiflora (Bloodroot) · W. thyrsiflora Trengwainton Form · W. umbellata · W. villosa
Bibliography
- Geerinck, D. 1969. Genera des Haemodoraceae et des Hypoxidaceae. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39: 47-82.
- Hopper, S. D., M. F. Fay, M. Rossetto, and M. W. Chase. 1999. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: Taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 131: 285-299.
- Maas, P. J. M. and H. Maas. 1993. Haemodoraceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica. 75+ nos. New York. No. 61.
- Robertson, K. R. 1976. The genera of Haemodoraceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 205-216.
- Simpson, M. G. 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 722-784.
- Simpson, M. G. 1993. Septal nectary anatomy and phylogeny of the Haemodoraceae. Syst. Bot. 18: 593-613.
- Zomlefer, W. B. 1999. Advances in angiosperm systematics: Examples from the Liliales and Asparagales. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 126: 58-62.
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Notes
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10674866
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15512058
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:429920-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 429920-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3445742
