Viola nevadensis

• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Violaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , shrubs , or subshrubs , sometimes scandent , rarely small trees . Leaves simple , usually alternate, sometimes opposite, with small or leaflike stipules, petiolate , margin entire, serrate, or dissected . Flowers bisexual or unisexual , rarely polygamous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, solitary or in axillary or terminal , spicate , paniculate , or racemose inflorescences, 2-bracteolate, sometimes cleistogamous . Sepals 5, equal or unequal, imbricate, persistent . Petals 5, imbricate or convolute, unequal, anterior one usually larger than others, saccate , gibbous or spurred at base . Stamens 5; anthers erect , free or connivent or connate , connectives often dilated into membranous appendages ; filaments very short or absent, anterior 2 stamens with spurlike nectary at base. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, 3-5-carpelled, syncarpous , with 3-5 parietal placentae each with 1 to many anatropous ovules ; style simple; stigmas variously shaped. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, usually with elastic and abaxially carinate valves , rarely baccate . Seeds often carunculate; testa hard, nitid , often with oily bodies, sometimes alate ; endosperm copious , fleshy ; embryo erect.

Twenty-two genera and 900-1000 species: worldwide, but particularly in tropical regions ; three genera and 101 species (36 endemic, three introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Viola

Herbs perennial or biennial, rarely subshrubs , rhizomatous . Stem developed or absent, sometimes with creeping branches. Leaves simple , alternate or basal, margin entire, dentate , or dissected ; stipules small or large, leaflike, free or ± adnate to petioles . Flowers bisexual , zygomorphic, solitary, often dimorphic (cleistogamous flowers later than chasmogamous ones) ; pedicels axillary , 2-bracteolate. Sepals slightly equal, usually basally auriculate . Petals unequal, anterior petal largest and basally spurred . Filaments free, very short; anthers free or mostly connivent into a sheath around ovary, 2 anterior ones with spurlike or wartlike and nectariferous appendages at base , these extending into anterior spur, connectives produced apically into conspicuous , membranous appendages. Ovary 3-carpelled, with many ovuled parietal placentae; styles nearly erect or usually ± curved downward, ± thickened or sometimes gradually tapering toward apex, entire or variously appendaged; style apex and stigma variously shaped. Capsule loculicidally and elastically 3-valved, valves carinate and abaxially thickened. Seeds globose-ovoid, arillate or not, usually smooth ; endosperm abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons rather thick, plano-convex .

About 550 species: cosmopolitan , chiefly in temperate regions of the N hemisphere; 96 species (35 endemic, three introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Tolerates frost. Very vigorous. Deadheading will prolong bloom , but prevent volunteer seedlings. Pinch to keep bushy.

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 6" apart. Self-sows. Propagation : Start seeds indoors 10 to 12 weeks before the last spring frost. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil. After sowing, moisten the potting mix and place the seed tray in a cool place or refrigerator for 2 weeks, then move to a 65-70°F. area. Seedlings emerge in 2-3 weeks.

Soil: Requires well-drained soil. Prefers rich organic , moist, acidic soil, pH 5.6 to 6.5. Avoid wet, soggy/shady areas.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun or part sun.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Keep soil mixture moist until well established . Water daily during hot, dry summer.

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): 0°F. • Cold Hardiness: 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Boiss. Publication : Elench. Pl. Nov. 26. 1838 [Jun 1838]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Viola

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 517 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

V. adunca (Blue Violet) · V. adunca Sm. var. kirkii Duran (Blue Violet) · V. adunca var. adunca (Hookedspur Violet) · V. adunca var. kirkii (Kirk's Violet) · V. adunca var. oxyceras (Hookedspur Violet) · V. affinis (Arizona Bog Violet) · V. alba (Parma Violet) · V. appalachiensis (Appalachhien Blue Violet) · V. arvensis (European Field Pansy) · V. aurea (Golden Violet) · V. bakeri (Baker's Violet) · V. beckwithii (Beckwith's Violet) · V. beckwithii subsp. glabrata (Western Pansy) · V. bernardii (Bernard's Violet) · V. betonicifolia (Showy Violet) · V. bicolor (Field Pansy) · V. biflora (Arctic Yellow Violet) · V. biflora biflora (Arctic Yellow Violet) · V. biflora subsp. carlottae (Carlott's Violet) · V. bissellii (Bissell's Violet) · V. blanda (Sweet White Violet) · V. blanda var. blanda (Sweet White Violet) · V. blanda var. palustriformis (Sweet White Violet) · V. brauniae (Braun's Violet) · V. brittoniana (Brittons Violet) · V. brittoniana var. brittoniana (Northern Coastal Violet) · V. brittoniana var. pectinata (Northern Coastal Violet) · V. californica (California Violet) · V. canadensis (Canada Violet) · V. canadensis var. canadensis (Canadian White Violet) · V. canadensis var. rugulosa (Canadian White Violet) · V. canadensis var. scariosa (Canadian White Violet) · V. canadensis var. scopulorum (Canadian White Violet) · V. canina (Heath Dog Violet) · V. canina canina (Heath Dog Violet) · V. canina montana (Heath Dog Violet) · V. chaerophylloides (Higo Violet) · V. chamissoniana (Olopu) · V. chamissoniana chamissoniana (Pamakani) · V. chamissoniana robusta (Olopu) · V. chamissoniana tracheliifolia (Olopu) · V. chamissoniana subsp. robusta (Olopu) · V. chamissoniana subsp. tracheliifolia (Olopu) · V. charlestonensis (Charleston Mountain Violet) · V. clauseniana (Clausen's Violet) · V. concaulescens (Tigerfish) · V. conjugens (Northern Bog Violet) · V. consobrina (Violet) · V. consocia (Violet) · V. conspersa (American Dog Violet) · V. cordifolia (Violet) · V. coreana 'Syletta' (Cyclamen-Leaved Violet) · V. cornuta (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Alba Minor' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Apricot Antique' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Babyface Ruby and Gold' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Baby Blue & White' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Baby Franjo' (Baby Franjo Violet) · V. cornuta 'Black Magic' (Black Magic Viola) · V. cornuta 'Blue Perfection' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Bowles Black' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Chantreyland' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Clouded Yellow' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Cuty' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Gem Lavender Antique' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Halloween Ii' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Jersey Gem' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'King Henry' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Lutea Splendens' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Painted Black' (Painted Black Viola) · V. cornuta 'Painted Porcelain' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta'Penny Deep Blue' (Penny Deep Blue Pansy) · V. cornuta'Penny Orange Jump Up' (Penny Orange Jump Up Pansy) · V. cornuta'Penny Red Blotch' (Penny Red Blotch Pansy) · V. cornuta'Penny Violet Beacon' (Penny Violet Beacon Pansy) · V. cornuta'Penny White Jump Up' (Penny White Jump Up Pansy) · V. cornuta'Penny Yellow' (Penny Yellow Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Prince John' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Purple Showers' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Scotch Strain' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Beaconsfield' (Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Blackberry Cream' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Black Duet' (Dwarf Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Blueberry Cream' (Dwarf Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Duet Mix' (Sorbet Duet Mix Dwarf Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Lemon Chiffon' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Lemon Swirl' (Dwarf Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Mix' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Ocean Breeze Mix' (Sorbet Ocean Breeze Mix Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Purple Duet' (Sorbet Purple Duet Dwarf Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Red Wing' (Sorbet Red Wing Dwarf Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Sorbet Yellow Delight' (Dwarf Pansy) · V. cornuta 'Victoria's Blush' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'White Perfection' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Yellow Perfection' (Horned Violet) · V. cornuta 'Yesterday Today and Tomorrow' (Yesterday Today and Tomorrow Viola) · V. corsica (Corsican Pansy) · V. cucullata (Marsh Blue Violet) · V. cuneata (Wedgeleaf Violet) · V. cunninghamii (Mountain Violet)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Anales de la Sociedad Espaola de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 199, p. 199, p. 21.
• Plant-geography upon a physiological basis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903. url .
• Reports and papers on botany. London: Printed for the Ray society, 1846-49. url p. 450.
• Science-gossip. Berlin: R. Friedlnder & Sohn, [1894]-1902. url p. 175.
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 452.
• Wang Chingrui. 1991. Violaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 51: i-v, 1-148.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 1, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15899078
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:868776-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2713046

Footnotes

1. Yousheng Chen, Qiner Yang, Hideaki Ohba & Vladimir V. Nikitin "Violaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 138. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Viola". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 74. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.