Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Black Root, Blackroot, Bowman´s-Root, Bowmans Root, Culver´s-Root, Culver's Root, Culver's-Root, Culverpsyic, Culvers Root, Tall Speedwell
Description
Genus Veronicastrum
Herbs, perennial
. Roots
usually densely yellow tomentose
when young. Rhizomes short to long, rarely absent. Stems erect
or arching
and rooting
at apex. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled
. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
, spicate
. Flowers usually crowded. Calyx 5-lobed, upper lobe
slightly smaller than others. Corolla 4-lobed; tube
tubular
, straight or slightly curved
, usually with a ring
of villous
hairs
inside, rarely glabrous
; limb actinomorphic
or 2-lipped; lobes unequal in width
, upper widest, lower narrowest. Stamens 2; filaments
usually basally villous, rarely glabrous, adnate
to upper part of corolla tube; anther
locules connivent, not confluent
. Stigma small, slightly dilated
. Capsule ovoid
to ovoid-globose, slightly compressed
laterally, 2-grooved, 4-valved. Seeds numerous
per capsule.
About 20 species: E Asia, North America; 13 species in China.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Upright perennial with strong , vertical stems.
Flowers: Very pale blue or white tiny flower spikes. Blooms July-August. • Bloom Period: June, July, August. • Flower Color: near white, purple, white
Foliage: Evergreen . • Summer foliage: Green.
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 3-6' tall.
Landscaping
Landscape Uses: Background plant. Cut flowers. • Care: Cut back blooms when finished for a thicker plant with more blooms next year.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,252 meters (0 to 10,669 feet).[2]
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 18-24" apart.
Soil: Well-drained soil with organic matter. • Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full to part sun.
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Water Requirements: Provide regular deep waterings.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Asteridae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Lamiales
()
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Plantaginaceae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Subfamily:
Digitalidoideae
()
- Tribe:
Veroniceae
()
- Genus:
Veronicastrum
()
- Heister ex Fabricius, 1759
- Veronicastrum
- Specific epithet:
virginicum
- (L.) Farw.
- Botanical name: - Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.
- Specific epithet:
virginicum
- (L.) Farw.
- Genus:
Veronicastrum
(
- Tribe:
Veroniceae
(
- Subfamily:
Digitalidoideae
(
- Family:
Plantaginaceae
(
- Order:
Lamiales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt. • Veronica virginica L.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Veronicastrum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
V. sibiricum (Culvers Root) · V. virginicum (Black Root) · V. virginicum 'Alboroseum' (Black Root) · V. virginicum 'Album' (Black Root) · V. virginicum 'Apollo' (Black Root) · V. virginicum 'Fascination' (Black Root) · V. virginicum 'Lavendelturm' (Black Root)
More Info
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- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 626.
- Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 29 - 41 1957 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 11, p. 13, p. 14, p. 15, p. 23, p. 49, p. 56, p. 80, p. 86.
- Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 10 1942 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- url p. 171.
- Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 313.
- Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 659.
- Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 437.
- Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url .
- Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
- Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url p. 6, p. 7.
- Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 103, p. 781.
- Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 15, p. 21, p. 41, p. 50, p. 59, p. 63.
- Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 201.
- Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 849.
- Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 159, p. 186.
- Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 1209.
- Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 484.
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 71, p. 81.
- Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 260, p. 260, p. 503, p. 503, p. 551, p. 551.
- Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 132, p. 88.
- Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 11, p. 39, p. 40, p. 52, p. 53, p. 62, p. 65, p. 76.
- The Great Basin naturalist. 43 1983 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 144.
- The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 231, p. 93.
- Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url , p. 10, p. 161, p. 166, p. 242, p. 92.
- Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 96.
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 12, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2656309
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-34073
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13747921
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:812879-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 400612
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 34073
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: VEVI6
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 46633
Footnotes
- "Veronicastrum". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 57. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 270.620 meters (887.861 feet), Standard Deviation = 172.290 based on 826 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
