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Vernicia fordii

(Tung-Oil Tree)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Chinese:

Hsiao T´ung Shu, T´ung Shu, T´ung Yu, Tung Yan Shu, Xiao Tong Shu (Cantonese Hsiao T´ung Shu ), You Tong

Common Names in English:

Tung-Oil Tree, Chinese Tung Oil Tree, Chinese Wood-Oil Tree, Chinese Wood-Oil-Tree, Kalo Nut, Kalo Nut Tree, Oleococca Seed, Tung Nut, Tung Oil Tree, Tung-Oil-Tree, Tungoil Tree

Common Names in French:

Abrasin De Chine, Aleurites, Graine D´abrasin, Graine D´oléococca, Graine De Tung

Common Names in German:

Chinesischer Oelbaum, Elaeococcasamen, Holznuss, Holzoelbaum, Tungölbaum

Common Names in Italian:

Legno Della Cina, Seme Di Aleurites

Common Names in Japanese:

Oo Abura Giri, Shina Abura Giri

Common Names in Portuguese:

árvore-De-óleo-Da-China, Tungue

Common Names in Spanish:

Arbol Del Aceite, Arbol Del Tung, Semilla De Oleococa, Semilla De Tung

Common Names in Thai:

Ma Yao (Northern Thailand)

Description

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Family Euphorbiaceae

The Euphorbiaceae are mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs , and trees , sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one of the largest families of plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species that are further characterized by the frequent occurrence of milky sap . The leaves are mostly alternate but may be opposite or whorled and they are simple , or compound , or sometimes highly reduced. Stipules are generally present but may be reduced to hairs , glands or spines. The flowers are unisexual and usually actinomorphic . They may be highly reduced by suppression of parts, in the extreme form consisting of a naked stamen as a male flower and a naked pistil as a female flower. A specialized type of miniature inflorescence called a cyathium occurs in about 1,500 species comprising the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce. The cyathium consists of a single naked pistillate flower surrounded by cymes of naked staminate flowers, each consisting of a single stamen. These flowers are all enclosed in a cup-like involucre that typically is provided with peripheral nectaries and petaloid appendages such that the whole aggregation closely resembles a single flower. In other members of the family the flowers and inflorescences are more ordinary in appearance , with male and female flowers typically bearing a 5-merous calyx and corolla of distinct segments, although the corolla is sometimes absent. In these forms the androecium most commonly consists of 5, 10 or sometimes numerous distinct or monadelphous stamens. The gynoecium of female flowers consists of a single compound pistil of typically 3 carpels, an equal number of styles or primary style branches, and a superior ovary with typically 3 locules, each bearing 1 or 2 collateral , axile-apical pendulous ovules. The fruit is usually a capsular schizocarp. -- Gerald Carr.

Physical Description

Habit: Evergreen .

Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February. • Flower Color: near white, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 30-40' tall.

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 136 meters (446 feet).[1]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 20-30' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

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Synonyms

Aleurites cordata (Thunb.) R. Br. Ex Steud. • Aleurites japonica Blume • Aleurites verniciflua Baill. • Camerium cordatum (Thunb.) Kuntze • Dryandra cordata Thunb. • Dryandra verrucosa Royle • Elaeococca cordata (Thunb.) A. Juss. • Elaeococca vernicia A. Juss. Ex Spreng. • Elaeococca verrucosa A. Juss. Ex Spreng.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Nov-2003

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Vernicia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

V. anxius (Vernicia) · V. cordata (Japanese Tungoil Tree) · V. fordii (Tung-Oil Tree) · V. montana (Mu Oil Tree) · V. pseudomargarettiae (Vernicia)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 06, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Standard Deviation = 924.060 based on 95 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/15/2012