Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Chinese:
Hsiao T´ung Shu, T´ung Shu, T´ung Yu, Tung Yan Shu, Xiao Tong Shu (Cantonese Hsiao T´ung Shu ), You Tong
Common Names in English:
Tung-Oil Tree, Chinese Tung Oil Tree, Chinese Wood-Oil Tree, Chinese Wood-Oil-Tree, Kalo Nut, Kalo Nut Tree, Oleococca Seed, Tung Nut, Tung Oil Tree, Tung-Oil-Tree, Tungoil Tree
Common Names in French:
Abrasin De Chine, Aleurites, Graine D´abrasin, Graine D´oléococca, Graine De Tung
Common Names in German:
Chinesischer Oelbaum, Elaeococcasamen, Holznuss, Holzoelbaum, Tungölbaum
Common Names in Italian:
Legno Della Cina, Seme Di Aleurites
Common Names in Japanese:
Oo Abura Giri, Shina Abura Giri
Common Names in Portuguese:
árvore-De-óleo-Da-China, Tungue
Common Names in Spanish:
Arbol Del Aceite, Arbol Del Tung, Semilla De Oleococa, Semilla De Tung
Common Names in Thai:
Ma Yao (Northern Thailand)
Description
Family Euphorbiaceae
The Euphorbiaceae are mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs , and trees , sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one of the largest families of plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species that are further characterized by the frequent occurrence of milky sap . The leaves are mostly alternate but may be opposite or whorled and they are simple , or compound , or sometimes highly reduced. Stipules are generally present but may be reduced to hairs , glands or spines. The flowers are unisexual and usually actinomorphic . They may be highly reduced by suppression of parts, in the extreme form consisting of a naked stamen as a male flower and a naked pistil as a female flower. A specialized type of miniature inflorescence called a cyathium occurs in about 1,500 species comprising the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce. The cyathium consists of a single naked pistillate flower surrounded by cymes of naked staminate flowers, each consisting of a single stamen. These flowers are all enclosed in a cup-like involucre that typically is provided with peripheral nectaries and petaloid appendages such that the whole aggregation closely resembles a single flower. In other members of the family the flowers and inflorescences are more ordinary in appearance , with male and female flowers typically bearing a 5-merous calyx and corolla of distinct segments, although the corolla is sometimes absent. In these forms the androecium most commonly consists of 5, 10 or sometimes numerous distinct or monadelphous stamens. The gynoecium of female flowers consists of a single compound pistil of typically 3 carpels, an equal number of styles or primary style branches, and a superior ovary with typically 3 locules, each bearing 1 or 2 collateral , axile-apical pendulous ovules. The fruit is usually a capsular schizocarp. -- Gerald Carr.
Physical Description
Habit: Evergreen .
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February. • Flower Color: near white, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 30-40' tall.
Habitat
Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 136 meters (446 feet).[1]
Biome: Coastal.
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 20-30' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Euphorbianae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Malpighiales
(
)
- C. Martius, 1835
- Family:
Euphorbiaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Spurge Family
- Genus:
Vernicia
(
)
- Loureiro, 1790
- Specific epithet:
fordii
- (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
- Botanical name: - Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
- Specific epithet:
fordii
- (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
- Genus:
Vernicia
(
- Family:
Euphorbiaceae
(
- Order:
Malpighiales
(
- Superorder:
Euphorbianae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Aleurites cordata (Thunb.) R. Br. Ex Steud. • Aleurites japonica Blume • Aleurites verniciflua Baill. • Camerium cordatum (Thunb.) Kuntze • Dryandra cordata Thunb. • Dryandra verrucosa Royle • Elaeococca cordata (Thunb.) A. Juss. • Elaeococca vernicia A. Juss. Ex Spreng. • Elaeococca verrucosa A. Juss. Ex Spreng.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 11-Nov-2003
Similar Species
Members of the genus Vernicia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
V. anxius (Vernicia) · V. cordata (Japanese Tungoil Tree) · V. fordii (Tung-Oil Tree) · V. montana (Mu Oil Tree) · V. pseudomargarettiae (Vernicia)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Airy Shaw, H. K. 1972. The Euphorbiaceae of Siam. Kew Bull. 26:350. [mentions].
- Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae. (L Euphorb)
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2)
- Nogueira, J. B. & R. D. Machado. 1957. Glosario de plantas oleaginosas e ceriferas. II. Euforbiaceas. (L Pl OleaCer) [= Aleurites fordii].
- Schultes, R. E. 1987. The Euphorbiales. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 80.
- Smith, A. R. 1973. Kew Bull. 28:296.
- Stuppy, W. et al. 1999. Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae). Blumea 44:91–92.
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. (F TE Afr)
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 4, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
- World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009
- World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFeb 2, 2006.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 06, 2007:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669723
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-212845
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13816073
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:161343-3
- GRIN Nomen Number: 320180
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505662
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ALFO
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20369
Footnotes
- Standard Deviation = 924.060 based on 95 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
