Verbascum phoeniceum

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Scrophulariaceae

Herbs, sometimes shrubs , rarely trees ; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled , or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected . Inflorescences racemes , spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect , usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic . Calyx often persistent , (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate . Corolla sympetalous ; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous , sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal , free or confluent . Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland . Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous , rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous . Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal , loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent , rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous , sometimes winged ; testa often reticulate ; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan ; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]

Genus Verbascum

Herbs, annual , biennial, or perennial . Leaves usually simple , alternate, basally rosulate. Inflorescences terminal , spicate , racemose, or paniculate . Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla usually yellow, rarely purple or white; tube short; limb rotate; lobes 5, subequal , radiate . Stamens 4 or 5; filaments usually woolly ; anthers 1-loculed, confluent , anterior anthers linear-oblong or reniform , posterior anthers reniform or transverse . Ovary 2-loculed. Capsule septicidal . Seeds numerous , conically cylindric , 6-8-ribbed.

About 300 species: Asia, Europe; six species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Grassy areas on mountain slopes ; 1600-1800 m. [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,953 meters (0 to 6,407 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Verbascum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 74 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

V. acaule (Dwarf Mullein) · V. arcturus (Cretan Bears Tail) · V. atroviolaceum (Purple Mullein) · V. blattaria (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria f. albiflorum (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria yellow-flowered (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria 'Pink' (Moth Mullein) · V. bombyciferum (Silver Mullein) · V. bombyciferum 'Arctic Summer' (Silver Mullein) · V. chaixii (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. chaixii 'Album' (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. chaixii 'Sixteen Candles' (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. cretica (Cretan Mullein) · V. densiflorum (Dense Mullein) · V. dumulosum (Dwarf Mullein) · V. epixanthemum (Verbascum) · V. kerneri (Kerner's Mullein) · V. longifolium (Mullein) · V. lychnitis (White Mullein) · V. nevadense (Mullein) · V. nigrum (Black Mullein) · V. nigrum nigrum (Black Mullein) · V. nigrum 'Album' (Black Mullein) · V. olympicum (Greek Mullein) · V. phlomoides (Orange Mullein) · V. phoeniceum (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Flush of White' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Rosetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Violetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoenicium 'Violetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. pterocaulon (Mullein) · V. pulverulentum (Violetstamen Mullein) · V. pyramidatum (Mullein) · V. roripifolium (Mullein) · V. sinuatum (Wavyleaf Mullein) · V. speciosum (Hungarian Mullein) · V. spinosum (Spiny Mullein) · V. spurium (Mullein) · V. thapsus (Aarons Rod) · V. thapsus thapsus (Flannel Mullein) · V. undulatum (Wavy-Leaf Mullein) · V. virgatum (Wand Mullein) · V. wiedemannianum (Indigo Mullein) · V. x kerneri (Kerner's Mullein) · V. x phoeniceum 'Jackie' (Mullein) · V. x pterocaulon (Mullein) · V. 'Banana Custard' (Banana Custard Mullein) · V. 'Bold Queen' (Mullein) · V. 'Caribbean Crush' (Caribbean Crush Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Cherry Helen' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Cotswold Beauty' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold Cream' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold King' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold Queen' (Mullien) · V. 'Dark Eyes' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Gainsborough' (Mullien) · V. 'Helen Johnson' (Helen Johnson Mullein) · V. 'Jackie' (Jackie Mullein) · V. 'Jackie in Pink' (Jackie in Pink Mullein) · V. 'Jester' (Mullein 'jester') · V. 'Lavender Lass' (Mullein) · V. 'Letitia' (Letitia Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Pink Domino' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Pink Petticoats' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Plum Smokey' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Raspberry Ripple' (Mullein) · V. 'Royalty' (Mullein) · V. 'Saffron Towers' (Mullein) · V. 'Sierra Sunset' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Snow Maiden' (Mullien) · V. 'Southern Charm' (Mullein) · V. 'Spica' (Mullein) · V. 'Sugar Plum' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Summer Sorbet' (Ornamental Mullein)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url .
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url .
• Alpine flowers and gardens, painted and described by G. Flemwell. London, A. & C. Black, 1910. url p. 159.
• An environmental profile of the Black Sea Coast WCMC url p. 69.
• Bemerkungen auf einer Reise in die südlichen Statthalterschaften des russischen Reichs in den Jahren 1793 und 1794 Leipzig: Bey Gottfried Martini, 1799. url .
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 391.
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 63.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 10 1919-1921 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 260.
• Colour in my garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated in colour, by Anna Winegar. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1918. url p. 160.
• Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url .
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 738.
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 37.
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
• Intracellular pangenesis, including a paper on fertilization and hybridization, by Hugo de Vries. .. tr. from the German by C. Stuart Gager. .. Chicago, The Open Court Publishing Co., 1910. url p. 182, p. 182.
• Journal of genetics. Cambridge: University Press, 1910-1977. url p. 85, p. 94.
• List of herbaceous perennials tested in the arboretum and botanic garden: central experimental farm, Ottawa, Canada, with descriptions of flowers, and other notes by W. T. Macoun. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1908. url p. 108.
• Loddiges, C. L. The botanical cabinet: consisting of coloured delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management, &c, &c /by Conrad Loddiges & Sons; the plates by George Cooke... 7 1822 London: John & Arthur Arch. .., 1817-1833. url , .
• My garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. .. illustrated by Will Simmons. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page & company, [c1916] url p. 104, p. 104.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 9 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 435.
• Outlines of classification and special morphology of plants, by K. Goebel. A new ed. of Sachs' Text-book of botany, book II, authorized English translation by Henry E. F. Garnsey; rev. by Isaac Bayley Balfour. With 407 woodcuts. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1887. url p. 514, p. 514.
• Plant-breeding; being five lectures upon the amelioration of domestic plants, New York and London, Macmillan and co., 1895. url p. 219.
• Seeds handbook for agriculture, horticulture and forestry, with a key for the identification of the important agricultural seeds = Handbuch der Samenkunde für Landwirtschaft, Gartenbau und Forstwirtschaft, mit einem Schlussel zur Bestimmung der wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen Samen / Walther Brouwen and Adolf Stahlin. [S.l.: s.n.], 1980. url p. 41.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 289.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs, and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1911. url p. 910.
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 420.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 31, p. 31, p. 364, p. 395, p. 396, p. 51, p. 603.
• The Gardeners' chronicle. 1841 London: published for the proprietors, 1841-1843. url p. vii.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 342, p. 678, p. 724.
• The Phytologist: a botanical journal. London, William Pamplin, 1855-1863. url p. 471.
• The botanic garden; consisting of highly finished representations of hardy ornamental flowering plants, cultivated in Great Britain; with their names, classes, orders, history, qualities, culture, and physiological obse By B. Maund... 1 London: Simpkin & Marshall, 1825- url .
• The complete garden, by Albert D. Taylor, assisted by Gordon D. Cooper. Illustrated with fifty full page cuts, four line charts, and nine coloured plates. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1921. url , p. 184.
• The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species / by Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton, 1897. url p. 78.
• The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. LondonJ. Murray1916 url p. 330.
• The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1832-1936 url p. 154.
• The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; Dublin, Blackie & son, limited, 1902. url , .
• The natural history of plants; their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution. From the German of Anton Kerner von Marilaun, by F.W. Oliver, with the assistance of Marian Busk and Mary F. Ewart. with about 2000 original woodcut illustrations and sixteen plates in colours. London, Blackie, 1896-1897. url p. 586.
• The theory and practice of horticulture; or, An attempt to explain the chief operations of gardening upon physiological grounds. London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1855. url .
• The variation of animals and plants under domestication, by Charles Darwin. London, J. Murray, 1893. url p. 118.
• Town planting and the trees, shrubs, herbaceous and other plants that are best adapted for resisting smoke. London: E.P. Dutton & co., [1910] url p. 144.
• Transactions of the Botanical Society. Edinburgh: Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 1841-1891. url p. 325.
• Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. [S.l.: s.n.], 1843-1920. url p. 7.
• [Miscellaneous reprints on botany] London, 19 ? url , .
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, National System of Proetcted Areas
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669717
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-505652
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:770052-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 41147
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505652
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: VEPH2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 62137

Footnotes

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Verbascum". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 4. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Verbascum phoeniceum". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 5. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 168.780 meters (553.740 feet), Standard Deviation = 267.430 based on 126 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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