Verbascum nigrum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Scrophulariaceae

Herbs, sometimes shrubs , rarely trees ; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled , or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected . Inflorescences racemes , spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect , usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic . Calyx often persistent , (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate . Corolla sympetalous ; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous , sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal , free or confluent . Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland . Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous , rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous . Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal , loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent , rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous , sometimes winged ; testa often reticulate ; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan ; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]

Genus Verbascum

Herbs, annual , biennial, or perennial . Leaves usually simple , alternate, basally rosulate. Inflorescences terminal , spicate , racemose, or paniculate . Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla usually yellow, rarely purple or white; tube short; limb rotate; lobes 5, subequal , radiate . Stamens 4 or 5; filaments usually woolly ; anthers 1-loculed, confluent , anterior anthers linear-oblong or reniform , posterior anthers reniform or transverse . Ovary 2-loculed. Capsule septicidal . Seeds numerous , conically cylindric , 6-8-ribbed.

About 300 species: Asia, Europe; six species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,428 meters (0 to 4,685 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Verbascum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 74 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

V. acaule (Dwarf Mullein) · V. arcturus (Cretan Bears Tail) · V. atroviolaceum (Purple Mullein) · V. blattaria (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria f. albiflorum (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria yellow-flowered (Moth Mullein) · V. blattaria 'Pink' (Moth Mullein) · V. bombyciferum (Silver Mullein) · V. bombyciferum 'Arctic Summer' (Silver Mullein) · V. chaixii (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. chaixii 'Album' (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. chaixii 'Sixteen Candles' (Nettle-Leaved Mullein) · V. cretica (Cretan Mullein) · V. densiflorum (Dense Mullein) · V. dumulosum (Dwarf Mullein) · V. epixanthemum (Verbascum) · V. kerneri (Kerner's Mullein) · V. longifolium (Mullein) · V. lychnitis (White Mullein) · V. nevadense (Mullein) · V. nigrum (Black Mullein) · V. nigrum nigrum (Black Mullein) · V. nigrum 'Album' (Black Mullein) · V. olympicum (Greek Mullein) · V. phlomoides (Orange Mullein) · V. phoeniceum (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Flush of White' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Rosetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoeniceum 'Violetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. phoenicium 'Violetta' (Purple Mullein) · V. pterocaulon (Mullein) · V. pulverulentum (Violetstamen Mullein) · V. pyramidatum (Mullein) · V. roripifolium (Mullein) · V. sinuatum (Wavyleaf Mullein) · V. speciosum (Hungarian Mullein) · V. spinosum (Spiny Mullein) · V. spurium (Mullein) · V. thapsus (Aarons Rod) · V. thapsus thapsus (Flannel Mullein) · V. undulatum (Wavy-Leaf Mullein) · V. virgatum (Wand Mullein) · V. wiedemannianum (Indigo Mullein) · V. x kerneri (Kerner's Mullein) · V. x phoeniceum 'Jackie' (Mullein) · V. x pterocaulon (Mullein) · V. 'Banana Custard' (Banana Custard Mullein) · V. 'Bold Queen' (Mullein) · V. 'Caribbean Crush' (Caribbean Crush Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Cherry Helen' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Cotswold Beauty' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold Cream' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold King' (Mullien) · V. 'Cotswold Queen' (Mullien) · V. 'Dark Eyes' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Gainsborough' (Mullien) · V. 'Helen Johnson' (Helen Johnson Mullein) · V. 'Jackie' (Jackie Mullein) · V. 'Jackie in Pink' (Jackie in Pink Mullein) · V. 'Jester' (Mullein 'jester') · V. 'Lavender Lass' (Mullein) · V. 'Letitia' (Letitia Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Pink Domino' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Pink Petticoats' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Plum Smokey' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Raspberry Ripple' (Mullein) · V. 'Royalty' (Mullein) · V. 'Saffron Towers' (Mullein) · V. 'Sierra Sunset' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Snow Maiden' (Mullien) · V. 'Southern Charm' (Mullein) · V. 'Spica' (Mullein) · V. 'Sugar Plum' (Ornamental Mullein) · V. 'Summer Sorbet' (Ornamental Mullein)

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Further Reading

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• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Flora of the Stołowe Mts.
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669716
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-505651
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:770014-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 41149
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505651
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: VENI
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 62135

Footnotes

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Verbascum". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 4. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 220.080 meters (722.047 feet), Standard Deviation = 291.980 based on 4,866 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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