Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Florida Bellwort, Florida Merrybells
Description
Genus Uvularia
Herbs, caulescent
, glabrous
or pubescent
, from short or elongate
rhizomes bearing several fibrous
or thickened roots
. Stems simple
or 1-branched, excluding flower-bearing branches, strongly angled
or rounded
, with sheathing
, papery
bracts proximally. Leaves alternate, sessile or perfoliate; blade
oblong-linear to oblong-ovate, membranaceous
to leathery. Inflorescences 1 per branch
, terminal
but appearing axillary
; peduncles pendent. Flowers: perianth narrowly campanulate
; tepals promptly deciduous, imbricate, distinct
, linear
to narrowly oblong
, apex obtuse
or acute, nectariferous
; stamens distinct to weakly connate
at perianth base; filaments
dimorphic
, glabrous; anthers
linear-oblong, extrorse
; connectives
present; ovary superior, 3-locular, sessile or stipitate
, rounded to sharply triangular; style 1, 3-lobed; stigmas 3, lobed
, outwardly arching
at maturity. Fruits capsular
, greenish to yellowish brown, sessile or stipitate, leathery or submembranaceous, tardily dehiscent
, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 1-3 per locule, brownish red, globose
to ovoid
; arils various. x
= 6, 7.
Species 5: e North America.
Uvularia, a genus of attractive, spring-blooming plants
, has been divided
into sect. Oakesiella (Small) Wilbur with sessile leaves and sect. Uvularia with perfoliate leaves. Differences in other morphological (R. L. Wilbur 1963) and cytological (F. H. Utech 1978d) characters support
recognition of these infrageneric
groups.
D. K
. Wijesinghe and D. F. Whigham (1997, 2001) compared the different, below-ground, vegetative
morphologies of three Uvularia species and their relationship
to their differing clonal populations and dynamics.[1]
Physical Description
Species Uvularia floridana
Rhizomes elongate
, 10-15 cm, fleshy
, bearing scattered
, fibrous roots
;
stolons present. Stem 1, simple
, angled
distally, 2.5-4 dm, nodes
glabrous
, bearing 1-2 leaves below lowest branch
. Leaf blades
sessile,
narrowly to broadly elliptic
, 4-7(-8.5) × 1.5-3 cm, glabrous
abaxially, margins
minutely papillose
, apex rounded
to acute. Flowers
1 per stem; peduncles 0.2-0.8 cm, bearing 1, ovate
, leafy bract,
0.7-2.5 cm; tepals pale
whitish yellow, 20-30 × 3-4 mm, smooth
adaxially, apex acuminate; stamens 10-15 mm; anthers
5-10 mm; connectives
0.5-2 mm; ovary sessile or subsessile
, sharply triangular; style
10-15 mm; stigma lobes
3-5 mm.
Capsules sessile or subsessile, sharply
3-winged, generally ellipsoid
, 2-3.7 × 1-2 cm, apical attenuate
beak
4-7 mm. Seeds 3-5 mm; arils crested
. 2n = 12. [source]
The 2n = 12 aneuploid
chromosome report for Uvularia floridana from
Florida's panhandle (F. H. Utech 1978d) represents a reduction from
the typical 2n = 14 for the genus (S. Kawano and H. H. Iltis 1964).
[source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: February. • Flower Color: pale yellow
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 12-18" tall.
Habitat
Rich hardwood forest and alluvial bottomlands ; 0--100 m [2].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 121 meters (0 to 397 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Liliales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Colchicaceae
(
)
- A.P. de Candolle, 1805
- Tribe:
Uvularieae
(
)
- Genus:
Uvularia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Bellwort, merrybells [Latin uvula, alluding to the flowers hanging like that organ, and to formerly supposed efficacy in treating diseases of it]
- Specific epithet:
floridana
- Chapm.
- Botanical name: - Uvularia floridana Chapm.
- Specific epithet:
floridana
- Chapm.
- Genus:
Uvularia
(
- Tribe:
Uvularieae
(
- Family:
Colchicaceae
(
- Order:
Liliales
(
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Oakesia floridana (Chapman) J. F. Macbride • Oakesiella floridana (Chapman) Small
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 09-Jul-2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Uvularia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
U. caroliniana (Mountain Bellwort) · U. floridana (Florida Bellwort) · U. grandiflora (Large Bellwort) · U. perfoliata (Dwarf Merrybells) · U. puberula (Mountain Bellwort) · U. rosea (Rose Mandarin) · U. sessilifolia (Bellworts)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 278.
- Anderson, E. and T. W. Whitaker. 1934. Speciation in Uvularia. J. Arnold Arbor. 15: 28-42. Dietz, R. A. 1952. Variation in the perfoliate uvularias. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 219-247.
- Hayashi, K. et al. 1998. Molecular systematics of the genus Uvularia and selected Liliales based upon matK and rbcL gene sequence data. Pl. Spec. Biol. 13: 129-146.
- Kawano, S. and H. H. Iltis. 1964. Cytotaxonomic and geographic notes on Uvularia (Liliaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 91: 13-23.
- Soper, J. H. 1952. Phytogeographic studies in Ontario I. The genus Uvularia in southern Ontario. Rhodora 54: 58-67.
- Wijesinghe, D. K. and D. F. Whigham. 2001. Nutrient foraging in woodland herbs: A comparison of three species of Uvularia (Liliaceae) with contrasting belowground morphologies. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 1071-1079.
- Wilbur, R. L. 1963. A revision of the North American genus Uvularia (Liliaceae). Rhodora 65: 158-188.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662718
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-290860
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754835
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:543398-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 43108
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 543398-1
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: OAFL
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 52029
Footnotes
- Frederick H. Utech & Shoichi Kawano "Uvularia". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 51, 57, 147. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Uvularia floridana". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 148, 149. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 57.260 meters (187.861 feet), Standard Deviation = 36.350 based on 27 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
