Tussilago farfara

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Senecioneae

The Senecioneae are a tribe of closely related genera that can be recognized most readily by the nature of the pappus and the involucral bracts or phyllaries. The phyllaries are basically in one well developed, often partially or wholly connate series of equal length that closely envelope the head . Frequently there are a few, very much smaller and mostly randomly distributed, often necrotic-tipped bracts near the base of the main series. The pappus is of fine, soft, often pure white capillary hairs . Heads may be either discoid or radiate . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Tussilago

Perennials , 5-30(-50) cm (rhizomes fibrous-rooted, creeping ; plants forming extensive colonies). Stems usually 1, erect (scapiform , not branched). Leaves basal and cauline (basal usually developing after flowers) ; alternate; petiolate (petiole lengths 1-2 times blades ) or sessile; blades (basal) palmately nerved, orbiculate to polygonal or lobed (cauline leaves lance-ovate to linear , bractlike or scale-like), margins denticulate , abaxial faces gray-tomentose, adaxial tomentulose , glabrescent . Heads (erect at flowering, nodding in fruit) radiate , borne singly. Calyculi 0 (or indistinct, bractlets intergrading with bractlike cauline leaves). Involucres cylindric to subturbinate, 10-15 mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries persistent , usually ± 21 in (1-) 2 series, erect, distinct , lance-linear to linear, subequal , margins scarious (apices greenish or yellow-green). Receptacles convex , foveolate (socket margins ± membranous), epaleate. Ray florets 100-200(-300+), pistillate , fertile ; corollas yellow (drying pinkish). Disc florets (20-) 30-40, functionally staminate ; corollas yellowish, tubes longer than campanulate throats , lobes 5, erect, linear; styles not divided . Cypselae narrowly cylindric or ± prismatic , 5(-10) -ribbed, glabrous ; pappi readily falling or fragile, of 60-100+, white, barbellulate or smooth bristles . x = 30.

Species 1: introduced ; temperate Eurasia , n Africa.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Disturbed sites, sandy or rocky soils, calcareous sites; 0-800 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,840 meters (0 to 6,037 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b. (map)

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Tussilago

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

T. farfara (Butterbur)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A guide to the natural history of the Isle of Wight: a series of contributions by specialists relating to the various branches of natural history and kindred subjects / edited by Frank Morey. Newport, Isle of Wight: The County Press, 1909. url p. 429.
• A handbook of British Lepidoptera, by Edward Meyrick. London, Macmillan, 1895. url p. 434, p. 434, p. 496.
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• viii.
• Morton, G. H. 1978. Tussilago. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, p. 174.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-9422
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:256904-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 40789
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 38583
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TUFA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 63501

Footnotes

1. Theodore M. Barkley "Tussilago". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 541, 635. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Tussilago farfara". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 633,635. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 178.280 meters (584.908 feet), Standard Deviation = 241.580 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.